中国组织工程研究 ›› 2026, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (5): 1236-1246.doi: 10.12307/2026.008

• 组织构建综述 tissue construction review • 上一篇    下一篇

施万细胞促进外周神经再生:回顾与展望

傅振燚,李俊豪,张雅婷,何昀锴,刘俊妤,魏云昊,刘佳鑫   

  1. 昆明理工大学,云南省昆明市   650500

  • 收稿日期:2024-11-04 接受日期:2025-02-06 出版日期:2026-02-18 发布日期:2025-06-26
  • 通讯作者: 刘佳鑫,博士,讲师,昆明理工大学,云南省昆明市 650500
  • 作者简介:傅振燚,男,2003年生,江苏省连云港市人,汉族,昆明理工大学在读本科。

Schwann cells promote peripheral nerve regeneration: retrospect and prospect

Fu Zhenyi, Li Junhao, Zhang Yating, He Yunkai, Liu Junyu, Wei Yunhao, Liu Jiaxin   

  1. Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, Yunnan Province, China
  • Received:2024-11-04 Accepted:2025-02-06 Online:2026-02-18 Published:2025-06-26
  • Contact: Liu Jiaxin, PhD, Lecturer, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, Yunnan Province, China
  • About author:Fu Zhenyi, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, Yunnan Province, China

摘要:




文题释义:
施万细胞:是周围神经系统中的主要胶质细胞,对轴突支持和髓鞘形成起到至关重要的作用,确保外周神经之间交流的快速性和准确性。
轴突断裂:是指周围神经中度损伤的一种情况,其特点是周围神经受损后轴突中断或发生严重破坏,损伤的远侧段发生顺行变性,但周围的支持结构尤其是神经内膜仍保持完整,可以引导近端再生轴突沿原来的远端神经内膜管长至终末器官,神经功能可自行恢复。轴突断裂后,神经纤维的远端会发生Wallerian变性,是导致神经纤维退化的病理性过程。

背景:周围神经轴突断裂损伤严重影响患者的身体功能和心理健康。显微外科手术、自体神经移植、异体神经移植、纤维蛋白胶以及导管技术等是目前临床治疗外周神经损伤的主要方法,各自均有优点和不足,但总体治疗效果不尽如人意。尽管施万细胞促进轴突再生在临床上已有成功案例,但使用施万细胞治疗依然面临着诸多挑战,如施万细胞扩增速度慢、免疫排斥反应、移植细胞存活率低等一系列问题。
目的:总结施万细胞促进周围神经轴突断裂再生的作用和机制,以及施万细胞在神经再生治疗过程中存在的困难与挑战。
方法:应用计算机检索PubMed、Medline、万方、维普、中国知网数据库,英文检索词为“Schwann cells,Synaptic Schwann cell,Macrophage,Peripheral nerve axon rupture,Wallerian degeneration,Peripheral nerve axon regeneration,Central nervous system repair”,中文检索词为“施万细胞,施旺细胞,雪旺细胞,许旺细胞,突触型施万细胞,巨噬细胞,周围神经轴突断裂,Wallerian变性,周围神经轴突再生,中枢神经系统修复”,检索时限为各数据库建库至2024年10月,筛选与施万细胞增殖分化、促进周围神经再生、临床应用相关的文献,共纳入95篇文献进行综述。
结果与结论:施万细胞与巨噬细胞、T细胞等其他细胞相互作用,通过Krox20/C-Jun、NRG-1/ErbB、Notch、MAPK、PI3K/Akt/mTOR等信号通路启动再生程序,合成和释放神经生长因子等促进周围神经系统再生。实验证明,施万细胞在周围神经修复中具有巨大的潜力,同时有望成为干预的关键靶点,但仍存在获取和培养困难以及在治疗过程中发生其他疾病等问题。
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3508-9132 (刘佳鑫) 

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程

关键词: 施万细胞, 巨噬细胞, 周围神经轴突断裂, Wallerian变性, 周围神经轴突再生, 中枢神经系统

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Peripheral nerve axon rupture seriously affects patients' physical function and mental health. Microsurgery, nerve autograft, nerve allograft, fibrin glue and catheter technology are the main treatments for peripheral nerve injury, each of which has its own advantages and disadvantages, but the overall treatment effect is not satisfactory. Despite the clinical success of Schwann cells in promoting axonal regeneration, there are still many challenges in the treatment with Schwann cells, such as slow expansion of Schwann cells, immune rejection, and low survival rate of transplanted cells.
OBJECTIVE: To summarize the role and mechanism of Schwann cells in promoting the regeneration of peripheral nerve axons, and the difficulties and challenges of Schwann cells in the process of nerve regeneration treatment.
METHODS: PubMed, Medline, WanFang, VIP, and CNKI were searched by computer using the search terms of “Schwann cells, synaptic Schwann cell, macrophage, peripheral nerve axon rupture, Wallerian degeneration, Peripheral nerve axon regeneration, Central nervous system repair” in English and Chinese. Literature related to Schwann cell proliferation and differentiation, promotion of peripheral nerve regeneration, and clinical applications was retrieved from database inception to October 2024, and a total of 95 articles were finally included for review.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Schwann cells interact with macrophages, T cells and other cells, to initiate the regeneration process through signaling pathways, including Krox20/C-Jun, NRG-1/ErbB, Notch, MAPK, and PI3K/Akt/mTOR, synthesize and release nerve growth factors, and thus promote regeneration of the peripheral nervous system. Schwann cells have been experimentally demonstrated to have great potential in peripheral nerve repair and are expected to become the key target of therapeutic intervention. However, there are still problems such as difficulties in cell harvest and culture, as well as the occurrence of other diseases during the treatment process.

Key words: Schwann cells, macrophages, peripheral nerve axonal dissection, Wallerian degeneration, peripheral nerve axonal regeneration, central nervous system

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