中国组织工程研究 ›› 2026, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (10): 2536-2549.doi: 10.12307/2026.644

• 组织构建综述 tissue construction review • 上一篇    下一篇

胶质-神经元互作在基底节退行性疾病中的调控机制及潜在治疗靶点

李明徽 1,2 ,张瑛碧 1,2 ,张晓瑞 1 ,殷继红 1,3 ,王 鹏 1
  

  1. 1北华大学基础医学院人体解剖学教研室,吉林省吉林市  132013;2北华大学附属医院生殖中心,吉林省吉林市  132013;3吉林市中心医院重症二科,吉林省吉林市  132013
  • 收稿日期:2025-05-21 接受日期:2025-06-20 出版日期:2026-04-08 发布日期:2025-08-29
  • 通讯作者: 王鹏,博士,教授,硕士生导师,北华大学基础医学院人体解剖学教研室,吉林省吉林市 132013
  • 作者简介:李明徽,女,1989年生,吉林省人,蒙古族,北华大学基础医学院在读硕士,主要从事帕金森病机制方面的研究。
  • 基金资助:
    吉林省科技厅科技发展计划项目(20240402007GH),项目负责人,王鹏

Glial-neuronal interactions in basal ganglia neurodegenerative diseases: regulatory mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets

Li Minghui1, 2, Zhang Yingbi1, 2, Zhang Xiaorui1, Yin Jihong1, 3, Wang Peng1     

  1. 1Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beihua University, Jilin 132013, Jilin Province, China; 2Reproductive Center of Beihua University Affiliated Hospital, Jilin 132013, Jilin Province, China; 3The Second Intensive Care Unit, Jilin Central Hospital, Jilin 132013, Jilin Province, China 
  • Received:2025-05-21 Accepted:2025-06-20 Online:2026-04-08 Published:2025-08-29
  • Contact: Wang Peng, PhD, Professor, Master’s supervisor, Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beihua University, Jilin 132013, Jilin Province, China
  • About author:Li Minghui, MS candidate, Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beihua University, Jilin 132013, Jilin Province, China; Reproductive Center of Beihua University Affiliated Hospital, Jilin 132013, Jilin Province, China
  • Supported by:
    Science and Technology Development Program of Jilin Provincial Department of Science and Technology, No. 20240402007GH (to WP)

摘要:


文题释义:
胶质-神经元互作:是指神经元与神经胶质细胞(包括星形胶质细胞、小胶质细胞和少突胶质细胞等)间的双向信号交流与功能调控。这种相互作用在支持神经元代谢、突触可塑性、免疫监视及神经环路稳态中发挥关键作用。胶质-神经元互作的失调参与多种神经系统疾病的发生和发展。
基底节退行性疾病:是一类以基底神经节神经元进行性功能障碍为主要特征的神经退行性疾病,包括帕金森病、亨廷顿病和多系统萎缩等。这些疾病通常以运动功能障碍(如运动迟缓、肌张力异常)以及认知和情绪障碍为主要表现,其病理机制复杂,涉及神经元代谢失衡、神经系统炎症和突触功能障碍等因素。

背景:胶质-神经元互作通过代谢支持、免疫调节和突触修剪等功能维持中枢神经系统稳态,其功能异常与基底节退行性疾病的病理进程密切相关。
目的:总结胶质-神经元互作在基底节退行性疾病中的调控机制与作用,并探讨其潜在的治疗靶点。
方法:检索中国知网、PubMed和Web of Science数据库2020年1月至2024年11月发表的相关文献(除经典文献外)。英文检索词:basal ganglia,striatum,substantia nigra,globus pallidus;glial cells,astrocytes,microglia,oligodendrocytes;neurons,neurodegeneration,synaptic dysfunction;Parkinson’s disease,Huntington’s disease,multiple system atrophy,neurodegenerative diseases;metabolic coupling,neuroinflammation,synaptic pruning,oxidative stress,organoid model,single-cell sequencing;therapeutic targets,glial modulation,neuroprotection,blood-brain barrier,off-target effect;中文检索词:基底节,纹状体,黑质,苍白球;胶质细胞,星形胶质细胞,小胶质细胞,少突胶质细胞;神经元,神经退行性变,突触功能障碍;帕金森病,亨廷顿病,多系统萎缩,神经退行性疾病;代谢耦合,神经炎症,突触修剪,氧化应激,类器官模型,单细胞测序;治疗靶点,胶质细胞调控,神经保护,血脑屏障,脱靶效应。根据纳入和排除标准,最终筛选出113篇文献进行归纳总结。
结果与结论:①胶质-神经元互作的失调导致代谢失衡、神经炎症和突触功能障碍,进而加剧基底节神经元的退行性变;②在帕金森病中,星形胶质细胞谷氨酸转运体功能受损,导致谷氨酸清除能力下降,引发神经元毒性;③在多系统萎缩中,少突胶质细胞的功能障碍导致神经元脱髓鞘和轴突损伤;④在亨廷顿病中,小胶质细胞通过Toll样受体4介导细胞因子释放,加剧神经炎症;⑤靶向胶质-神经元互作的治疗策略(如大麻素受体2受体激动剂、NOD样受体热蛋白结构域相关蛋白3抑制剂等)在动物实验和临床试验中均展现出潜力;⑥胶质-神经元互作在基底节退行性疾病的病理进程中发挥重要作用,针对于此的靶向治疗策略在基底节退行性疾病中有广阔的治疗前景。

关键词: 神经元, 胶质细胞, 帕金森病, 亨廷顿病, 多系统萎缩

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Glial-neuronal interactions play a crucial role in maintaining central nervous system homeostasis through metabolic support, immune regulation, and synaptic pruning. Dysfunction in these interactions is closely associated with the pathological progression of basal ganglia neurodegenerative diseases.
OBJECTIVE: To summarize the regulatory mechanisms and roles of glial-neuronal interactions in basal ganglia neurodegenerative diseases and to explore their potential therapeutic targets.
METHODS: Relevant literature published from January 2020 to November 2024 was retrieved from the CNKI, PubMed, and Web of Science databases. Search terms included “basal ganglia, striatum, substantia nigra, globus pallidus; glial cells, astrocytes, microglia, oligodendrocytes; neurons, neurodegeneration, synaptic dysfunction; Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, multiple system atrophy, neurodegenerative diseases; metabolic coupling, neuroinflammation, synaptic pruning, oxidative stress, organoid model, single-cell sequencing; therapeutic targets, glial modulation, neuroprotection, blood-brain barrier, off-target effect” in Chinese and English. Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 113 articles were ultimately selected for review and summarization.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Dysregulation of glial-neuronal interactions leads to metabolic imbalance, neuroinflammation, and synaptic dysfunction, thereby exacerbating the degeneration of basal ganglia neurons. (2) In Parkinson’s disease, impaired glutamate transporter function in astrocytes leads to decreased glutamate clearance and triggers neuronal toxicity. (3) In multiple system atrophy, oligodendrocyte dysfunction leads to neuronal demyelination and axonal damage. (4) In Huntington’s disease, microglia exacerbate neuroinflammation by mediating cytokine release via Toll-like receptor 4. (5) Therapeutic strategies targeting glial-neuronal interactions (e.g., cannabinoid-2 receptor agonists, nucleotide-binding oligomerization structural domain-like receptor protein 3 inhibitors, etc.) have demonstrated potential in both animal experiments and clinical trials. In conclusion, glial-neuronal interactions play a significant role in the pathological progression of basal ganglia neurodegenerative diseases. Therapeutic strategies targeting this mechanism demonstrate promising potential for treating these diseases.

Key words: neurons, astrocytes, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, multiple system atrophy

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