中国组织工程研究 ›› 2026, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (1): 93-100.doi: 10.12307/2026.509

• 牙髓及牙周膜干细胞 Dental pulp and periodontal ligament stem cells • 上一篇    下一篇

大麻素受体Ⅰ对人根尖牙乳头干细胞神经向分化的影响

刘紫薇,尼加提•吐尔逊,殷  瑞,李淑慧,周  晶   

  1. 新疆医科大学第二附属医院口腔科,新疆维吾尔自治区乌鲁木齐市  830063
  • 收稿日期:2024-10-25 接受日期:2024-12-17 出版日期:2026-01-08 发布日期:2025-07-02
  • 通讯作者: 周晶,硕士,副主任医师,新疆医科大学第二附属医院口腔科,新疆维吾尔自治区乌鲁木齐市 830063
  • 作者简介:刘紫薇,女,1999年生,新疆维吾尔自治区乌鲁木齐市人,汉族,新疆医科大学在读硕士,主要从事口腔种植与修复研究。
  • 基金资助:
    新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金项目(2022D01C274),项目负责人:周晶

Effect of cannabinoid type I receptors on neuronal differentiation of human apical papilla stem cells

Liu Ziwei, Nijati·Tursun, Yin Rui, Li Shuhui, Zhou Jing   

  1. Department of Stomatology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830063, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
  • Received:2024-10-25 Accepted:2024-12-17 Online:2026-01-08 Published:2025-07-02
  • Contact: Zhou Jing, MS, Associate chief physician, Department of Stomatology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830063, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
  • About author:Liu Ziwei, Master candidate, Department of Stomatology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830063, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
  • Supported by:
    Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Natural Science Foundation, No. 2022D01C274 (to ZJ)

摘要:

文题释义:

人根尖牙乳头干细胞:源自人类尚未发育成熟的第三磨牙根尖部的软组织,具有自我更新、克隆和多能分化能力。这类干细胞起源于神经嵴,具有向神经细胞分化的特性,可分化为神经元和施万细胞,为周围神经损伤的治疗开辟了新路径。
大麻素受体Ⅰ:作为G蛋白偶联受体家族的一员,是中枢神经系统中分布最广泛的G蛋白偶联受体,主要在大脑的神经元和神经胶质细胞中表达。大麻素受体Ⅰ对神经干细胞的命运具有调控作用,能够影响神经元的生长及功能性突触的形成。

摘要
背景:研究证实大麻素受体Ⅰ能够促进神经干细胞和间充质干细胞的增殖及神经向分化,也可以调节人根尖牙乳头干细胞的增殖和矿化能力。然而,关于大麻素受体Ⅰ过表达对人根尖牙乳头干细胞神经分化的影响,目前国内外相关研究较少。
目的:探讨大麻素受体Ⅰ在体外环境下对人根尖牙乳头干细胞神经向分化能力的影响。
方法:收集因正畸治疗需要拔除的根尖尚未完全发育成熟的健康第三磨牙,采用组织块法和酶消化法进行原代人根尖牙乳头干细胞的分离培养。通过慢病毒介导的转染技术,将大麻素受体Ⅰ基因引入人根尖牙乳头干细胞中,设置空白对照组、阴性对照组和过表达大麻素受体Ⅰ组,通过Western blot验证过表达大麻素受体Ⅰ慢病毒转染效果;设置对照组、阴性对照组、过表达大麻素受体Ⅰ组和过表达大麻素受体Ⅰ+AM251(大麻素受体Ⅰ拮抗剂)组,分别在成神经诱导第1,5,10天采用CCK-8法检测细胞增殖能力,成神经诱导第10天采用qRT-PCR检测TH、NeuroD-1、NCAM1基因表达水平以及免疫荧光检测Nestin、TUBB3蛋白表达。
结果与结论:①与空白对照组和阴性对照组相比,过表达大麻素受体Ⅰ组大麻素受体Ⅰ蛋白表达量明显升高,差异有显著性意义(P < 0.05);②与空白对照组和阴性对照组相比,成神经诱导第5,10天时,过表达大麻素受体Ⅰ组人根尖牙乳头干细胞的增殖能力最强(P < 0.05);③与空白对照组和阴性对照组相比,过表达大麻素受体Ⅰ组人根尖牙乳头干细胞中NeuroD-1、NCAM1、TH mRNA表达量显著增加,Nestin和TUBB3荧光强度显著增强(P < 0.05);④与过表达大麻素受体Ⅰ组相比,过表达大麻素受体Ⅰ+AM251组人根尖牙乳头干细胞增殖能力显著下降,NeuroD-1、NCAM1、TH mRNA表达量以及Nestin、TUBB3荧光强度显著降低(P < 0.05)。结果表明:过表达大麻素受体Ⅰ能促进人根尖牙乳头干细胞的增殖及神经向分化。

关键词: 人根尖牙乳头干细胞, 牙乳头, 大麻素受体Ⅰ, 神经分化, 增殖, 慢病毒, AM251, 神经损伤

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Previous studies have demonstrated that the cannabinoid type I receptor can enhance the proliferation and neural differentiation of neural stem cells and mesenchymal stem cells. Moreover, cannabinoid type I also governs the proliferation and mineralization capacity of human apical papilla stem cells. However, there are relatively few investigations concerning the impact of cannabinoid type I overexpression on the neural differentiation of human apical papilla stem cells.  
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of cannabinoid type I on neural differentiation of human apical papilla stem cells in vitro. 
METHODS: Healthy third molars with immature root tips that need to be removed for orthodontic treatment were collected, and human apical papilla stem cells were isolated and cultured by tissue block method combined with enzyme digestion method. Cannabinoid type I gene was introduced into human apical papilla stem cells by lentivirus-mediated transfection technique. A blank control group, a negative control group, and cannabinoid type I overexpression group were set up. The transfection effect of overexpression of cannabinoid type I lentivirus on human apical papilla stem cells was verified by Western Blot. The control group, negative control group, cannabinoid type I overexpression group and cannabinoid type I overexpression + AM251 (cannabinoid type I receptor antagonist) group were set up. Cell proliferation was detected by CCK-8 assay at 1, 5, and 10 days after neural induction. On day 10 of neural induction, the expression levels of TH, NeuroD-1, and NCAM1 genes were detected by qRT-PCR, and the protein expression levels of Nestin and TUBB3 were detected by immunofluorescence.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Compared with the blank control group and the negative control group, the expression of cannabinoid receptor I protein in the cannabinoid receptor I overexpression group was significantly increased, and the difference was significant (P < 0.05). (2) Compared with the blank control group and the negative control group, the proliferation ability of human apical papilla stem cells in the cannabinoid type I overexpression group was the strongest at 5 and 10 days after neural induction (P < 0.05). (3) Compared with the blank control group and the negative control group, the mRNA expression of NeuroD-1, NCAM1, and TH in the stem cells of the human apical papilla in the cannabinoid type I overexpression group was significantly increased, and the fluorescence intensity of Nestin and TUBB3 was significantly enhanced (P < 0.05). (4) Compared with the cannabinoid type I overexpression group, the proliferation ability, mRNA expression level of NeuroD-1, NCAM1, and TH, as well as the fluorescence intensity of Nestin and TUBB3, were significantly decreased in the cannabinoid type I overexpression + AM251 group (P < 0.05). These findings conclude that overexpression of cannabinoid type I promoted the proliferation and neural differentiation of human apical dentin papilla stem cells.

Key words: ">human apical dental papilla stem cell, dental papilla, cannabinoid type I receptor, neural differentiation, proliferation, lentivirus, AM251, nerve injury

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