中国组织工程研究 ›› 2025, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (4): 745-751.doi: 10.12307/2025.229

• 细胞外基质材料 extracellular matrix materials • 上一篇    下一篇

脱细胞皮肤基质/聚氨酯混纺纤维支架促进大鼠皮肤缺损的修复

吴  辰1,江佳慧1,苏  豆1,刘  晨2,慈  超1   

  1. 皖南医学院第一附属医院,1皮肤性病科,2脊柱外科,安徽省芜湖市  241001
  • 收稿日期:2023-11-18 接受日期:2024-01-25 出版日期:2025-02-08 发布日期:2024-05-30
  • 通讯作者: 刘晨,博士,副教授,皖南医学院第一附属医院脊柱外科,安徽省芜湖市 241001 慈超,副教授,皖南医学院第一附属医院皮肤性病科,安徽省芜湖市 241001
  • 作者简介:吴辰,女,1988年生,安徽省宿松县人,汉族,硕士,主治医师,主要从事皮肤性病科及皮肤缺损修复方面的研究。
  • 基金资助:
    安徽省自然科学基金面上项目(2208085MH211),项目名称:多模态力学刺激下组织工程化纤维环的构建及纤维环修复的实验研究,项目负责人:刘晨

Decellularized skin matrix/polyurethane blended fibrous scaffolds promote repair of skin defects in rats

Wu Chen1, Jiang Jiahui1, Su Dou1, Liu Chen2, Ci Chao1   

  1. 1Department of Dermatology, 2Department of Spine Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241001, Anhui Province, China
  • Received:2023-11-18 Accepted:2024-01-25 Online:2025-02-08 Published:2024-05-30
  • Contact: Liu Chen, PhD, Associate professor, Department of Spine Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241001, Anhui Province, China Corresponding author: Ci Chao, Associate professor, Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241001, Anhui Province, China
  • About author:Wu Chen, Master, Attending physician, Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241001, Anhui Province, China
  • Supported by:
    Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province, No. 2208085MH211 (to LC)

摘要:

文题释义:
脱细胞基质:是运用酶解、化学或机械等方法去除原有组织中的细胞成分,从而保存以细胞外基质为主的其他成分,不仅保留了细胞外基质的生物学功能,还明显降低了免疫原性。
静电纺丝:是一种利用聚合物溶液或熔体在强电场作用下形成喷射流进行纺丝加工的工艺,制备的材料纤维直径可达纳米级,具有较高的孔隙率和较大的比表面积。
背景:研究证实,将脱细胞基质与聚合物进行混合纺丝不仅可改善纤维的结构性质,还可保存脱细胞基质的生物学活性,但是目前将聚氨酯与脱细胞皮肤基质进行静电纺丝制备皮肤组织工程支架还没有相关报道。
目的:观察脱细胞皮肤基质/聚氨酯混纺纤维支架对大鼠皮肤缺损的修复作用。
方法:利用静电纺丝技术分别制备聚氨酯静电纺丝纤维支架和脱细胞皮肤基质/聚氨酯混纺纤维支架。扫描电镜下观察纤维结构;将大鼠脂肪间充质干细胞分别接种于两组支架上,扫描电镜下观察支架上的细胞形态。取10只SD大鼠,在每只大鼠背部制作3个1 cm×1 cm的全层皮肤缺损,其中2处缺损分别植入聚氨酯静电纺丝纤维支架(对照组)、脱细胞皮肤基质/聚氨酯混纺纤维支架(实验组),剩余缺损处不植入任何材料(空白对照组)。术后第1,2,3周,观察皮肤创面愈合情况;植入后第3周,进行创面苏木精-伊红染色,计算创面瘢痕面积。
结果与结论:①扫描电镜下可见两种静电纺丝纤维均为网状结构,并且大鼠脂肪间充质干细胞在两种支架上沿纤维附着,黏附良好。②随着术后时间的延长,各组皮肤创面逐渐愈合,至术后第3周,实验组、对照组皮肤创面基本愈合,空白对照组创面可见小溃疡形成。皮肤创面苏木精-伊红染色显示,对照组、实验组创面表皮覆盖基本完整,真皮层内可见成纤维细胞长入和炎症细胞浸润,并且实验组创面胶原纤维较为丰富、排列规则有序,与表皮面基本平行;空白对照组创面表皮仍有缺损。实验组创面瘢痕面积小于其他两组(P < 0.05,P < 0.01)。③结果表明,脱细胞皮肤基质/聚氨酯混纺纤维支架可以有效修复大鼠全层皮肤缺损、改善创面瘢痕形成。
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4825-0722(吴辰)

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:生物材料;骨生物材料;口腔生物材料;纳米材料;缓释材料;材料相容性;组织工程

关键词: 脱细胞皮肤基质, 聚氨酯, 静电纺丝, 皮肤缺损, 瘢痕

Abstract: BACKGROUND: It has been confirmed that the mixing of decellularized matrix and polymer electrospinning can not only improve the structural properties of fibers, but also preserve the biological decellularized of decellularized matrix. However, there is no relevant report on the preparation of skin tissue engineering scaffolds by electrospinning polyurethane and decellularized skin matrix.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the reparative effect of a decellularized skin matrix/polyurethane blended fibrous scaffold on rat skin defects. 
METHODS: Polyurethane electrospun fibrous scaffold and decellularized skin matrix/polyurethane blended fibrous scaffold were fabricated using the electrospinning technique. The fiber structure was observed under scanning electron microscope. Rat adipose mesenchymal stem cells were inoculated on two kinds of scaffolds respectively. The morphology of the scaffolds was observed under scanning electron microscope. Three full-thickness skin defects of 1 cm×1 cm were fabricated on the back of 10 SD rats. Polyurethane electrospun fibrous scaffolds (control group) and decellularized skin matrix/polyurethane blended fibrous scaffolds (experimental group) were implanted in two of the defects, and no material was implanted in the remaining defects (blank control group). The skin wound healing was observed at 1, 2, and 3 weeks after operation. At 3 weeks after implantation, the wound was stained with hematoxylin and eosin and the scar area was calculated.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Under scanning electron microscope, the two kinds of electrospun fibers were reticulated, and the rat adipose mesenchymal stem cells attached to the fibers on the two kinds of scaffolds, and the adhesion was good. (2) With the extension of the postoperative time, the skin wounds of each group gradually healed. By week 3 after the operation, the skin wounds of the experimental group and the control group were basically healed, and small ulcers could be seen on the wounds of the blank control group. Hematoxylin-eosin staining of skin wounds showed that the epidermal coverage of the wound was basically complete in the control group and the experimental group, and fibroblast growth and inflammatory cell infiltration could be seen in the dermis. In addition, the collagen fibers of the wound in the experimental group were abundant and arranged in a regular order, basically parallel to the epidermal surface. The wound epidermis of blank control group was still defective. The scar area of the experimental group was smaller than that of the other two groups (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). (3) These results indicate that the decellularized skin matrix/polyurethane blended fibrous scaffold can effectively repair full-thickness skin defects and improve scar formation in rats. 

Key words: decellularized skin matrix, polyurethane, electrospinning, skin defect, scar 

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