中国组织工程研究 ›› 2025, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (33): 7096-7101.doi: 10.12307/2025.815

• 骨与关节生物力学 bone and joint biomechanics • 上一篇    下一篇

整体功能性体育锻炼对腰椎间盘突出症术后患者腰椎生物力学的影响

杨  煜1,李英豪1,多壮志2,周定容3   

  1. 1郑州升达经贸管理学院,河南省郑州市   451191;2郑州大学体育系,河南省郑州市   450001;3河南省人民医院骨科,河南省郑州市   454002
  • 收稿日期:2024-04-01 接受日期:2024-07-05 出版日期:2025-11-28 发布日期:2025-04-12
  • 通讯作者: 多壮志,硕士,副教授,郑州大学体育系,河南省郑州市  450001
  • 作者简介:杨煜,男,1986年生,河南省周口市人,汉族,硕士,讲师,主要从事体育教育训练学方面的研究。
  • 基金资助:
    河南省教育课程改革研究项目(2024-JSJYYB-133),项目负责人:李英豪

Effect of overall functional physical exercise on lumbar biomechanics in patients with lumbar disc herniation after surgery

Yang Yu1, Li Yinghao1, Duo Zhuangzhi2, Zhou Dingrong3   

  1. 1Zhengzhou Shengda College of Economics and Trade, Zhengzhou 451191, Henan Province, China; 2Department of Physical Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, China; 3Department of Orthopedics of Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou 454002, Henan Province, China
  • Received:2024-04-01 Accepted:2024-07-05 Online:2025-11-28 Published:2025-04-12
  • Contact: Duo Zhuangzhi, MS, Associate professor, Department of Physical Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, China
  • About author:Yang Yu, MS, Lecturer, Zhengzhou Shengda College of Economics and Trade, Zhengzhou 451191, Henan Province, China
  • Supported by:
    Henan Province Education Curriculum Reform Research Project, No. 2024-JSJYYB-133 (to LYH)

摘要:


文题释义:

腰椎间盘突出症:是因椎间盘变性、纤维环破裂、髓核突出而刺激或压迫神经根等原因所引起的骨科最常见的疾病之一,主要症状是下腰痛合并神经病、肢体运动功能障碍,严重时可能导致残疾,严重影响患者的心理状态和日常工作生活。
整体功能性体育锻炼:是在常规康复方法基础上设计的一种锻炼方法,整体功能性体育锻炼包括8个项目,即腹肌等长收缩、五点支撑、被动直腿抬高、腹肌仰卧举腿、空中自行车练习、飞燕、坐位转体和仰卧抱膝腰椎屈曲。


背景:经皮椎间孔镜椎间盘切除术患者预后较差,预后较差的原因与缺少功能锻炼有关,常规的康复方法疗效有限,主要原因是康复方法较单一且缺少针对性,因此需要改进整体功能性体育锻炼方法。

目的:探讨整体功能性体育锻炼对行经皮椎间孔镜椎间盘切除的腰椎间盘突出症患者术后腰椎生物力学的影响。
方法:选择2021年4月至2022年9月在河南省人民医院行经皮椎间孔镜椎间盘切除术的腰椎间盘突出症患者120例作为研究对象,根据随机数法随机分为传统康复组和整体功能性体育锻炼组,两组患者分别进行8周的传统康复和整体功能性体育锻炼。在干预前和干预8周后,使用IsoMed2000等速肌力测试系统进行等速肌力测试;应用Oswestry功能障碍指数评估腰椎功能;以目测类比评分法评价疼痛程度;以焦虑自评量表和抑郁自评量表评估焦虑和抑郁症状。在锻炼干预8周后,采用改良Macnab疗效评定标准评定疗效。

结果与结论:①干预8周后,与传统康复组比较,整体功能性体育锻炼组患者的腰背肌群屈肌和伸肌峰力矩、平均功率均升高,屈伸峰力矩比降低,Oswestry功能障碍指数、目测类比评分、焦虑自评量表和抑郁自评量表评分均降低,改良Macnab疗效优良率升高(P < 0.001);②提示与传统康复方案相比,腰椎间盘突出症患者经皮椎间孔镜椎间盘切除术后进行整体功能性体育锻炼可有效改善腰椎生物力学和功能、缓解疼痛、减少术后不良情绪、改善预后,具有较高的临床价值。

https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4844-3563 (杨煜)

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

关键词: 腰椎间盘突出症, 经皮椎间孔镜椎间盘切除, 整体功能性体育锻炼, 传统康复, 腰椎生物力学

Abstract: BACKGROUND: The prognosis of patients undergoing percutaneous transforaminal endoscopic discectomy is poor, which is related to the lack of functional physical exercise. Conventional rehabilitation methods have limited efficacy, mainly because the rehabilitation methods are relatively single and lack specificity. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the overall functional physical exercise method. 
OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of overall functional physical exercise on lumbar biomechanics in patients with lumbar disc herniation who underwent percutaneous transforaminal endoscopic discectomy.  
METHODS: 120 patients who met the percutaneous intervertebral foramen discectomy indication and underwent percutaneous intervertebral foramen discectomy operation in Henan Provincial People’s Hospital from April 2021 to September 2022 were selected as study subjects. They were randomly divided into traditional rehabilitation group and overall functional physical exercise group. Patients in the two groups received 8 weeks of traditional rehabilitation and overall functional physical exercise respectively. Before the exercise intervention and after 8 weeks of intervention, the IsoMed2000 isokinetic muscle strength testing system was used to conduct isokinetic muscle strength testing. The Oswestry Disability Index was used to evaluate lumbar spine function. The visual analog scale was used to evaluate the pain level. The anxiety self-rating scale and depression self-report scale were used to assess symptoms of anxiety and depression. After 8 weeks of exercise intervention, the modified Macnab efficacy evaluation standard was used to evaluate the efficacy. 
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Compared with the traditional rehabilitation group, the peak torque and average power of flexion and extensor in the whole functional physical exercise group increased, the peak torque ratio of flexion and extension decreased, Oswestry disability index score, visual analog scale score, self-rating anxiety scale score and self-rating depression scale score decreased, and the excellent and good rate increased 8 weeks after treatment (P < 0.001). (2) It is concluded that compared with the traditional rehabilitation program, overall functional physical exercise after percutaneous intervertebral foramen discectomy in patients with lumbar disc herniation can effectively enhance lumbar biomechanics and function, relieve pain, reduce postoperative bad mood, and improve prognosis , which has high clinical value. 

Key words: lumbar disc herniation, percutaneous endoscopic discectomy, overall functional physical exercise, traditional rehabilitation, lumbar biomechanics

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