中国组织工程研究 ›› 2025, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (21): 4521-4528.doi: 10.12307/2025.188

• 人工假体Artificial prosthesis • 上一篇    下一篇

数字化精准全膝关节置换与传统置换方法的短期效果对比

王宇宁1,朱浩天1,刘  康1,丁焕文1,2,严  瀚2   

  1. 1华南理工大学,广东省广州市   510006;2广州市第一人民医院,广东省广州市   510180
  • 收稿日期:2024-03-05 接受日期:2024-05-06 出版日期:2025-07-28 发布日期:2024-12-06
  • 通讯作者: 丁焕文,博士,教授,华南理工大学,广东省广州市 510006;广州市第一人民医院,广东省广州市 510180
  • 作者简介:王宇宁,男,1995年生,内蒙古自治区呼和浩特市人,汉族,华南理工大学医学院在读硕士,主要从事数字骨科、医学图像处理方面的研究。
  • 基金资助:
    广东省基础与应用基础研究基金项目(2021A1515012564,2023A1515010557),项目负责人:丁焕文;广东省省级科技计划项目(2017B090911008),项目参与人:丁焕文;广东省科学技术厅科技计划基金(2023A03j0957),项目负责人:严瀚;广东省广州市卫生健康委员会重点项目(2023C-TS20),项目负责人:严瀚

Comparison of short-term therapeutic effects between digital precision total knee arthroplasty and traditional methods

Wang Yuning1, Zhu Haotian1, Liu Kang1, Ding Huanwen1, 2, Yan Han2   

  1. 1South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong Province, China; 2Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou 510180, Guangdong Province, China
  • Received:2024-03-05 Accepted:2024-05-06 Online:2025-07-28 Published:2024-12-06
  • Contact: Ding Huanwen, PhD, Professor, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong Province, China; Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou 510180, Guangdong Province, China
  • About author:Wang Yuning, Master candidate, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong Province, China
  • Supported by:
    Guangdong Province Basic and Applied Basic Research Fund Project, No. 2021A1515012564, 2023A1515010557 (to DHW); Guangdong Provincial Science and Technology Plan Project, No. 2017B090911008 (to DHW); Science and Technology Plan Fund of Guangdong Provincial Department of Science and Technology, No. 2023A03j0957 (to YH); Key Project of Guangzhou Health Commission in Guangdong Province, No. 2023C-TS20 (to YH)

摘要:

文题释义:

数字化精准全膝关节置换:是在术前使用计算机辅助技术将患者下肢CT扫描数据进行三维建模、解剖参数测量、截骨模拟、截骨导板设计和假体预测的全膝置换手术设计方法。
下肢力线:又称下肢力轴线,是通过髋关节中心、膝关节中心和踝关节中心的轴线。在此文中,主要通过下肢力线中的髋膝踝角来评价全膝关节置换的术后效果,理论最佳为180°。

摘要
背景:传统全膝关节置换手术在术前的准备有限,作者提出基于计算机仿真和3D打印技术的数字化精准全膝置换方法,旨在通过充分的术前设计来提升置换效果。
目的:利用计算机仿真和个性化手术导板建立数字化精准全膝关节置换方法,比较新方法和传统方法的临床效果。
方法:回顾性分析97例全膝关节置换患者的临床资料,根据手术方法将患者分为2组,对照组(n=48)采取传统方式进行全膝关节置换手术,使用传统胶片模板;观察组(n=49)采用数字化精准全膝置换方法进行手术,使用计算机辅助技术选定假体尺寸型号。比较两组患者的手术时间、术中出血量、术前及术后美国特种外科医院膝关节评分以及股骨力线和膝关节面线夹角和胫骨角、髋膝踝角与标准角度的差值。
结果与结论:①两组患者术前性别、年龄、体质量指数、美国特种外科医院膝关节评分,以及胫骨角、股骨力线和膝关节面线夹角、髋膝踝角与标准角度的差值相比差异均无显著性意义(P > 0.05);②与对照组比较,观察组手术时间缩短、出血量减少;两组术后3个月膝关节美国特种外科医院膝关节评分对比术前均显著升高(P > 0.05),且术后3个月观察组评分高于对照组(P > 0.05);③两组之间胫骨角、股骨力线和膝关节面线夹角、髋膝踝角与标准角度的差值相比差异均有显著性意义,观察组优于对照组(P < 0.05);④观察组股骨假体预测准确率为94%,对照组为58%;胫骨假体预测准确率为96%,对照组为62%;⑤提示数字化精准全膝关节置换相较传统全膝关节置换的手术时间更短、出血量更少、术后膝关节功能评分和力线恢复更好,具有良好的短期临床效果。


中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工

关键词: 3D打印, 全膝关节置换, 个性化截骨导板, 假体预测, 计算机仿真, 下肢力线

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Traditional total knee arthroplasty has limited preoperative preparation. We propose a digital precision total knee arthroplasty based on computer simulation and 3D printing technology, aiming to enhance surgical outcomes through comprehensive preoperative planning.
OBJECTIVE: To establish a digital precision total knee arthroplasty using computer simulation and personalized surgical guides, and to compare the clinical outcomes between the new and traditional approaches.
METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 97 patients who underwent total knee arthroplasty. Patients were divided into two groups based on the surgical method they received. The control group (n=48) underwent total knee arthroplasty using traditional methods and used conventional film templates. The observation group (n=49) underwent surgery using the digital precision total knee arthroplasty and utilized computer-assisted technology to select prosthetic sizes. Surgical time, intraoperative blood loss, preoperative and postoperative Hospital for Special Surgery knee joint function scores, as well as the differences in femoral alignment, knee joint line angle and tibial slope, and hip-knee-ankle angle compared to standard angles were compared between the two groups. 
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) There were no significant differences in gender, age, body mass index, Hospital for Special Surgery knee scores, as well as the differences in tibial slope, femoral alignment, knee joint line angle, hip-knee-ankle angle compared to standard angles between the two groups (P > 0.05). (2) Compared to the control group, the observation group showed shorter surgical time, reduced blood loss, and significant increases in knee joint Hospital for Special Surgery knee scores at 3 months postoperatively compared to preoperative scores (P > 0.05). Additionally, the postoperative Hospital for Special Surgery knee scores were higher in the observation group than in the control group (P > 0.05). (3) The differences in tibial slope, femoral alignment, knee joint line angle, and hip-knee-ankle angle compared to standard angles were significantly different between the two groups; the observation group was better than the control group (P < 0.05). (4) The accuracy of predicting femoral implant size was 94% in the observation group and 58% in the control group, while the accuracy of predicting tibial implant size was 96% in the observation group and 62% in the control group. (5) It is indicated that digital precision total knee arthroplasty results in shorter surgical time, reduced blood loss, and better postoperative knee joint function scores and alignment compared to traditional total knee arthroplasty. It demonstrates favorable clinical outcomes.

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

Key words: 3D printing, total knee arthroplasty, personalized osteotomy guide plate, prosthesis prediction, computer simulation, lower limb alignment

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