中国组织工程研究

中国组织工程研究 ›› 2010, Vol. 14 ›› Issue (22): 4101-4104.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.22.028

• 骨与关节学术探讨 academic discussion of the bone and joint • 上一篇    下一篇

人工关节材料的仿生性能及临床应用

孟昭琴   

  1. 徐州师范大学体育学院，江苏省徐州市  221116
  • 出版日期:2010-05-28 发布日期:2010-05-28
  • 作者简介:孟昭琴，女，1956年生，江苏省徐州市人，汉族，教授，主要从事人体解剖学、体育保健康复学等方面的研究。 xz_mzq@163.com

Bionics of artificial joint materials and the clinical application

Meng Zhao-qin   

  1. College of Physical Education, Xuzhou Normal University, Xuzhou   221116, Jiangsu Province, China
  • Online:2010-05-28 Published:2010-05-28
  • About author:Meng Zhao-qin, Professor, College of Physical Education, Xuzhou Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu Province, China xz_mzq@163.com

PDF

739

被引次数

17

摘要：

目的：通过分析国内外常用的金属材料、高分子材料、陶瓷材料和碳质材料人工关节的研究现状，探讨各种假体材料的优势及存在的问题，结合人工关节置换的仿生性原理，对开发新型下肢关节假体材料，提高置换关节使用寿命等重要的现实问题提出发展思路。
方法：以“人工关节，假体材料，仿生性能”为关键词，采用计算机检索万方数据库(http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/)中1993-01/2009-10有关仿生性人工关节材料实验研究与临床应用的文章，排除重复研究或Meta分析类文章。以22篇文献为主，重点对以下3个问题进行讨论：①人工关节的仿生性原理。②人工关节材料的研究现状。③人工关节的仿生性能及其临床应用。
结果：目前应用于临床的人工关节材料主要是金属材料、高分子材料和陶瓷材料，科研人员正努力探索耐磨损、无毒害的新型材料，尤其是复合型涂层材料和仿生软骨材料，来加速推进接近或实现人体关节性能的假体关节。
结论：人工关节仿生性能的实现是一个多学科交叉研究的系统工程，人工关节仿生需要进一步研究和开发人工关节制作材料，同时要结合结构、功能等特性，深入研究人工关节置换后关节运动的受力合理性，减少对人工关节的磨损速度。临床决策应从人体的整体出发，在经济条件允许情况下，可以考虑人工关节的个性化匹配，量身定做，使之更贴近每个患者的身体结构、关节形状和大小、功能特点以及体质状况。

关键词: 人工关节, 关节置换, 假体, 生物材料, 仿生性能

Abstract:

OBJECTIVE: To analyze metal materials, polymers, ceramics and carbon material-made artificial joints and explore advantages and disadvantages of each material, so as to provide new thoughts for developing novel lower limb prosthesis material and improving useful life in combination with bionics
METHODS: With “artificial joint, prosthesis metarial, bionics” as key words, a computer-based online search of Wanfang database (http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/) was performed for experiments and clinical application of bionic artificial joint materials published between January 1993 and October 2009. Repetitive studies or Meta analysis were excluded. A total of 22 articles were included, and bionics principles of artificial joint, research status of artificial joint materials, as well as bionics and clinical application of artificial joint were discussed.
RESULTS: Metal materials, polymers, and ceramics have been clinically used for artificial joint materials. Novel materials with wear-resistance and atoxic effect, in particular compound coating materials and bionic cartilage materials, are beeing explored to accelerate development of prosthesis similar to human joint.  
CONCLUSION: Artificial joint bionics is a system engineering invovling multiple subjects and requires further research and development of artificial joint materials. In addition, based on structural and functional features, joint movement force following artificial joint replacment should be explored to reduce wearing speed. Individualized aritificial joint should be designed to better match patient body structure, joint appearance, size, functional features and physical capacity.

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