中国组织工程研究 ›› 2026, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (21): 5376-5385.doi: 10.12307/2026.778

• 骨与关节生物力学 bone and joint biomechanics • 上一篇    下一篇

终板缺损形态差异对腰椎间盘生物力学影响的有限元分析

杨轶婷,李  政,杨  勇,樊春笋,陆永刚
  

  1. 南通大学附属启东医院,启东市人民医院(启东肝癌防治研究所),江苏省南通市  226200
  • 接受日期:2025-09-02 出版日期:2026-07-28 发布日期:2026-03-03
  • 通讯作者: 李政,主治医师,南通大学附属启东医院,启东市人民医院(启东肝癌防治研究所)骨科,江苏省南通市 226200 陆永刚,主任医师,南通大学附属启东医院,启东市人民医院(启东肝癌防治研究所)骨科,江苏省南通市 226200
  • 作者简介:杨轶婷,女,1999年生,汉族,硕士,主要从事骨科生物力学方面研究。
  • 基金资助:
    南通市市级科技计划指导性项目(MSZ2024151),项目负责人:杨轶婷;南通市卫生健康委员会科研课题青年指令性项目(QN2024073),项目负责人:杨轶婷;南通大学临床医学专项科研基金青年项目(2024JQ044),项目负责人:杨轶婷;南通大学临床医学专项科研基金重点项目(2023LZ003),项目负责人:陆永刚

Finite element analysis of the effect of morphological differences in endplate defects on biomechanics of lumbar intervertebral discs 

Yang Yiting, Li Zheng, Yang Yong, Fan Chunsun, Lu Yonggang#br#   

  1. Affiliated Qidong Hospital of Nantong University, Qidong People's Hospital (Qidong Liver Cancer Institute), Nantong 226200, Jiangsu Province, China
  • Accepted:2025-09-02 Online:2026-07-28 Published:2026-03-03
  • Contact: Li Zheng, Attending physician, Affiliated Qidong Hospital of Nantong University, Qidong People's Hospital (Qidong Liver Cancer Institute), Nantong 226200, Jiangsu Province, China Lu Yonggang, Chief physician, Affiliated Qidong Hospital of Nantong University, Qidong People's Hospital (Qidong Liver Cancer Institute), Nantong 226200, Jiangsu Province, China
  • About author:Yang Yiting, MS, Affiliated Qidong Hospital of Nantong University, Qidong People's Hospital (Qidong Liver Cancer Institute), Nantong 226200, Jiangsu Province, China
  • Supported by:
    Nantong Municipal Science and Technology Program Guidance Project, No. MSZ2024151 (to YYT); Nantong Municipal Health Commission Youth Directive Research Project, No. QN2024073 (to YYT); Youth Project of Clinical Medicine Special Research Fund of Nantong University, No. 2024JQ044 (to YYT); Key Project of Clinical Medicine Special Research Fund of Nantong University, No. 2023LZ003 (to LYG)

摘要:

文题释义:

终板缺损形态差异:指此次研究重点分析的3类结构性缺损(局灶性边缘缺损、中央缺损和角性缺损)在几何形态与空间位置上的特征差异。研究根据临床影像量化几何特征,旨在揭示不同形态缺损与退变风险的特异性关联。
腰椎间盘生物力学:此次研究特指终板缺损形态差异对腰椎间盘力学环境的改变机制。通过分析椎间盘主要功能结构在生理载荷下的应力响应特征,揭示缺损导致的载荷传导路径改变、异常应力集中及其与退变进程的关联规律,为理解终板缺损促椎间盘退变的生物力学机制提供依据。

摘要
背景:椎体终板缺损被认为是腰椎退行性变的重要诱因之一,其形态学特征可能显著影响脊柱的局部力学环境。然而,不同类型终板缺损对椎体、椎间盘小关节复合结构生物力学特性的具体影响机制尚未明确。
目的:观察局灶性边缘缺损、局灶性中央缺损及角性缺损3种终板缺损类型对腰椎终板、椎间盘纤维环髓核及小关节应力分布的影响,揭示其潜在的生物力学机制。
方法:采集一名健康男性36岁志愿者腰椎CT影像,重建L4-L5节段完整终板模型。参考临床影像研究中的椎体终板缺损分型构建3类典型终板缺损模型(局灶性边缘缺损、局灶性中央缺损、角性缺损)。通过施加随动载荷和相应力矩以模拟脊柱生理肌肉载荷和典型运动载荷,如站立、前屈、后伸、侧弯和旋转等脊柱运动状态,评估不同缺损形式下脊柱生理运动时椎体软骨终板、椎间盘纤维环髓核和小关节的生物力学应力分布特征与峰值变化,探讨不同缺损类型对腰椎生物力学稳定性的影响机制。
结果与结论:①不同缺损类型显著改变终板及其邻近结构的应力传导路径,边缘缺损主要影响纤维环外侧应力分布,中央缺损显著改变后伸状态下的负载承载;②缺损边缘存在明显应力梯度集中,提示潜在微损伤风险;③终板角性缺损在动态载荷下均产生显著应力集中,可能是导致节段不稳定和退变加速的高风险因素之一;④实验结果为阐明终板缺损参与椎间盘退变及小关节损伤病变提供了生物力学依据,对临床早期识别高风险缺损类型且制定针对性预防策略具有重要指导价值。



中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

关键词: 终板缺损, 有限元分析, 腰椎生物力学, 应力分布, 椎间盘退变

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Endplate defects are one of the important causative factors of lumbar degeneration, and their morphological characteristics may significantly affect the local mechanical environment of the spine. However, the effects of their different morphologic defects on the biomechanical properties of the lumbar spine have not been fully elucidated.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of focal marginal defects, focal central defects, and angular defects on the stress distribution of lumbar endplates, intervertebral discs, and small joints, and to reveal their underlying biomechanical mechanisms.
METHODS: Lumbar CT images were obtained from a healthy 36-year-old male volunteer, and a complete endplate model of the L4-L5 segment was reconstructed. Three typical endplate defect models (focal marginal defect, focal central defect, and angular defect) were constructed based on the classification of vertebral endplate defects in clinical imaging studies. By applying dynamic loads and corresponding moments to simulate physiological spinal muscle loads and typical motion loads, such as stance, forward flexion, backward extension, lateral bending, and rotation, the biomechanical stress distribution characteristics and peak changes in the vertebral cartilage endplates, intervertebral disc annulus fibrosus, nucleus pulposus, and facet joints during physiological spinal motion were evaluated under different defect types. The mechanisms by which different defect types affect lumbar spine biomechanical stability were explored.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Different defect types significantly altered the stress conduction pathways in the endplates and adjacent structures. Edge defects primarily affected the stress distribution on the lateral side of the annulus fibrosus, while central defects significantly altered load bearing capacity during extension. (2) Significant stress gradient concentrations were observed at the defect edges, indicating potential microinjury risk. (3) Angular endplate defects produced significant stress concentrations under dynamic loading, potentially contributing to segmental instability and accelerated degeneration. (4) These results provide a biomechanical basis for elucidating the involvement of endplate defects in intervertebral disc degeneration and facet joint injury, providing valuable guidance for early clinical identification of high-risk defect types and the development of targeted preventive strategies.


Key words: endplate defects, finite element analysis, lumbar spine biomechanics, stress distribution, disc degeneration

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