中国组织工程研究

中国组织工程研究 ›› 2026, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (29): 7565-7571.doi: 10.12307/2026.294

• 肌肉肌腱韧带组织构建 tissue construction of the muscle, tendon and ligament • 上一篇    下一篇

不同弓步蹲动作对髌股疼痛综合征患者下肢动力学和肌肉活动的影响

杨轲欣1，杨晓巍2，赵钰婷1，周志鹏1，郑亮亮1   

  1. 1山东体育学院运动与健康学院，山东省济南市   250102；2宁波大学体育学院，浙江省宁波市  315211 
  • 收稿日期:2025-08-01 修回日期:2025-12-26 出版日期:2026-10-18 发布日期:2026-03-03
  • 通讯作者: 郑亮亮，博士，副教授，山东体育学院运动与健康学院，山东省济南市 250102
  • 作者简介:杨轲欣，女，2000年生，山东省济宁市人，汉族，山东体育学院在读硕士，主要从事运动生物力学方面的研究。
  • 基金资助:
    山东省高等学校青创人才引育计划项目(2019-183)，项目参与人：周志鹏；山东体育学院横向课题“人体步态分析在适老化装备研发中应用的调研”(2590111)，项目负责人：郑亮亮

Effects of different lunge exercises on lower limb mechanics and muscle activation in patellofemoral pain syndrome patients

Yang Kexin1, Yang Xiaowei2, Zhao Yuting1, Zhou Zhipeng1, Zheng Liangliang1   

  1. 1College of Sports and Health, Shandong Sport University, Ji’nan 250102, Shandong Province, China; 2Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang Province, China
  • Received:2025-08-01 Revised:2025-12-26 Online:2026-10-18 Published:2026-03-03
  • Contact: Zheng Liangliang, PhD, Associate professor, College of Sports and Health, Shandong Sport University, Ji’nan 250102, Shandong Province, China
  • About author:Yang Kexin, MS candidate, College of Sports and Health, Shandong Sport University, Ji’nan 250102, Shandong Province, China
  • Supported by:
    Shandong Provincial Higher Education Institutions Youth Innovation Talent Cultivation Program, No. 2019-183 (to ZZP); Horizontal Topic of Shandong Sport University, No. 2590111 (to ZLL)

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摘要：



文题释义：
髌股疼痛综合征：是一种常见的肌肉骨骼疾病，主要表现为在进行下蹲、跪下、爬楼梯以及长时间静坐等涉及膝关节屈曲的活动时出现膝关节前部、髌后或髌周区域疼痛。髌股疼痛综合征不仅影响运动表现和能力，日后可能会发展为髌股关节炎。
弓步蹲测试：弓步蹲作为经典的下肢训练动作，已被证实可有效激活股四头肌和臀部肌群。侧向拉力弓步蹲通过引入膝关节横向动态不稳定性，在维持平衡方面具有更高的挑战性，可能会对股四头肌、臀肌激活模式及髌股关节应力产生不同的影响。

背景：弓步蹲是髌股疼痛综合征的常用康复训练方法，已被证实有助于强化股四头肌。然而，施加侧向拉力的弓步蹲对下肢肌肉激活和髌股关节应力的影响尚不清楚。
目的：对比传统弓步蹲、弓步蹲伴髋内收拉力、弓步蹲伴髋外展拉力对髌股疼痛综合征者及健康人群下肢肌肉激活和髌股关节应力的影响。
方法：29例髌股疼痛综合征患者和29例健康受试者分别完成3种不同弓步蹲测试动作。使用红外动作捕捉系统、三维测力台和表面肌电测试仪同步采集下肢动力学与肌电数据。采用混合设计方差分析确定组别与动作对不同弓步蹲动作时髌股关节应力及下肢肌肉激活特征的影响。
结果与结论：①在下蹲阶段，两组受试者在弓步蹲伴髋内收拉力动作中股外侧肌激活均显著降低(P < 0.05)，健康组在该动作中股内/外侧肌激活比值显著增加(P < 0.05)；髌股疼痛综合征组在弓步蹲伴髋外展拉力动作的下蹲阶段中臀中肌激活显著增加(P < 0.05)，髌股关节应力峰值显著减小(P < 0.05)；②在蹬起阶段，两组受试者在弓步蹲伴髋外展拉力动作中股外侧肌激活均显著降低(P < 0.05)，髌股疼痛综合征组髌股关节应力峰值显著减小(P < 0.05)和臀中肌激活增强(P < 0.05)；健康组在弓步蹲伴髋内收拉力动作的蹬起阶段中股内/外侧肌激活比值显著增加(P < 0.05)，髌股疼痛综合征组髌股关节应力峰值显著低于健康组(P < 0.05)；③提示传统弓步蹲可作为髌股疼痛综合征康复初期强化股四头肌的优选训练方式之一；弓步蹲伴侧向内收/外展拉力训练动作具有改善股内外侧肌激活失衡、强化臀中肌激活和下蹲时降低髌股关节应力的优势，有助于在康复后期重建下肢动力链的神经肌肉控制；对于髌股疼痛综合征者而言，更推荐弓步蹲伴侧向外展拉力训练动作，以缓解疼痛并改善功能。
https://orcid.org/0009-0002-6330-3677 (杨轲欣) 


中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞；骨髓干细胞；造血干细胞；脂肪干细胞；肿瘤干细胞；胚胎干细胞；脐带脐血干细胞；干细胞诱导；干细胞分化；组织工程

关键词: 膝前痛, 髌股疼痛综合征, 弓步蹲, 髌股关节应力, 肌肉激活水平

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Lunge exercises are often used in strengthening programs for patellofemoral pain syndrome and have been shown to help strengthen the quadriceps. However, limited data exist to evaluate the effects of lunge exercises with medial or lateral resistance on patellofemoral joint stress and lower limb muscle activation. 
OBJECTIVE: To compare the effect of three lunge exercises (traditional lunge, lunge with hip adduction resistance, and lunge with hip abduction resistance) on lower limb muscle activation and patellofemoral joint stress in subjects with patellofemoral pain syndrome and health control group.
METHODS: Totally 29 subjects with patellofemoral pain syndrome and 29 healthy subjects completed three different lunge exercises. Lower limb dynamics and electromyography data were simultaneously acquired using an infrared motion capture system, a three-dimensional force table, and a surface electromyography analyzer. A mixed-design analysis of variance was used to determine the effects of group and exercise on patellofemoral joint stress and lower limb muscle activation characteristics during different lunge exercises.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) During the squatting phase, the vastus lateralis muscle activation was significantly lower in both groups during the lunge exercises with hip adduction (P < 0.05), while the vastus medialis/vastus lateralis activation ratio was significantly higher in the healthy group (P < 0.05). In the patellofemoral pain syndrome group, gluteus medius muscle activation was significantly higher during the squatting phase of the lunge exercises with hip abduction (P < 0.05), and peak stress at the patellofemoral joint was significantly reduced (P < 0.05). (2) During the ascending phase, vastus lateralis muscle activation was significantly lower in both groups during the lunge exercises with hip abduction (P < 0.05), while peak stress at the patellofemoral joint was significantly reduced (P < 0.05) and gluteus medius muscle activation was significantly increased (P < 0.05) in the patellofemoral pain syndrome group. The vastus medialis/lateralis muscle activation ratio was significantly higher in the healthy group during the ascending phase of the lunge with hip adduction (P < 0.05), while the peak stress on the patellofemoral joint in the patellofemoral pain syndrome group was significantly lower than in the healthy group (P < 0.05). (3) These findings suggest that traditional lunge exercises can be considered a suitable training method for strengthening the quadriceps in the early stages of rehabilitation for patellofemoral pain syndrome. Lunges with lateral adduction/abduction exercises offer the benefits of improving activation imbalances in the vastus medialis/lateralis muscles, increasing gluteus medius activation, and reducing patellofemoral joint stress during squatting, which aids in restoring neuromuscular control of the lower limb kinetic chain in the later stages of rehabilitation. For patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome, lunge exercises with lateral abduction resistance are more highly recommended to relieve pain and improve function.  


Key words: anterior knee pain, patellofemoral pain syndrome, lunge exercises, patellofemoral joint stress, muscle activation level

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