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28 July 2017, Volume 21 Issue 21 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Hydrogen sulfide promotes the osteogenesis of bone marrow mesenchymal cells through hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha under tensile stress Jiang Xiao-wen, Zhang Yi, Fan Xiao-sheng, Chen Yan-ze 2017, 21 (21):  3281-3286.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2017.21.001 Abstract ( 313 )   PDF (1025KB) ( 513 )   Save BACKGROUND: Hydrogen sulfide signaling has been proved to promote distraction osteogenesis; however, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relationship between hydrogen sulfide and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) during the osteogenesis of rat bone marrow mesenchymal cells under tensile stress.  METHODS: 2 000 μ strain was loaded on the in vitro cultured rat bone marrow mesenchymal cells by a four-point bending apparatus, and hydrogen sulfide donor or HIF-1α inhibitor was adopted in the tensile unit. Subsequently, the levels of osteogenic markers were detected. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Exogenous hydrogen sulfide signaling could promote the osteogenesis of rat bone marrow mesenchymal cells under tensile stress. However, this promotion was obviously eliminated when the endogenous HIF-1α expression was inhibited. These results show that hydrogen sulfide signaling system promotes the osteogenesis of rat bone marrow mesenchymal cells under tensile stress probably through HIF-1α.   中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞；骨髓干细胞；造血干细胞；脂肪干细胞；肿瘤干细胞；胚胎干细胞；脐带脐血干细胞；干细胞诱导；干细胞分化；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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miR-21/Sprouty1 function axis regulates the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells after postmenopausal osteoporosis Yang Nan, Zhou Wei, Wang Guang, Ding Yin, Jin Yan 2017, 21 (21):  3287-3292.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2017.21.002 Abstract ( 231 )   PDF (1090KB) ( 278 )   Save BACKGROUND: Osteogenic differentiation is a complex process involving transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation by multiple signaling pathways, and the specific mechanisms remain unclear. It is of great significance to study the role of critical miRNAs in the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) in the treatment of osteoporosis and bone defects. OBJECTIVE: To explore the regulatory ability of miR-21/Sprouty1 function axis in the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs in patients with postmenopausal osteoporosis. METHODS: BMSCs were isolated from healthy people (H-hBMSCs) and patients with postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP-hBMSCs), and their osteogenic ability was compared. Expression of miR-21 and Spry1 at gene and protein levels was detected by real-time RT-PCR and western blot assay, respectively. miR-21 expression was upregulated via transfection in PMOP-hBMSCs, and the osteogenic ability and Spry1 expression of the cells were detected, while real-time RT-PCR and western blot were used to detect the expression of osteogenic marker genes, Runx2 and Osterix. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with H-hBMSCs, PMOP-hBMSCs osteogenic ability was weakened significantly, miR-21 expression decreased, and Spry1 expression increased, indicating an inhibition to the miR-21-Spry1 function axis. Through the transfection of miR-21 and down-regulation of Spry1, the expression levels of Runx2 and Osterix were increased, and PMOP-hBMSCs osteogenic ability was partially restored.   中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞；骨髓干细胞；造血干细胞；脂肪干细胞；肿瘤干细胞；胚胎干细胞；脐带脐血干细胞；干细胞诱导；干细胞分化；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of angelica polysaccharide on bone marrow hematopoietic stem cells and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 on the surface of stromal cells in mice Wang Gai-qin, Jing Peng, Jia Shu-hua 2017, 21 (21):  3293-3298.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2017.21.003 Abstract ( 319 )   PDF (5609KB) ( 554 )   Save BACKGROUND: Angelica polysaccharide has the function of enriching blood and promoting blood circulation, but how to improve the hematopoietic microenvironment and promote hematopoiesis has become one of the hot topics. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of angelica polysaccharide on Sca-1+, CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 level in bone marrow stromal cells in mice. METHODS: Mouse models of hemorrhagic anemia were made and then randomly divided them into control group, low-concentration angelica polysaccharide group and high-concentration angelica polysaccharide group. Angelica polysaccharide groups were intraperitoneally injected with the corresponding concentration of angelica polysaccharide (4, 6 mg/kg) for continuous 6 days, while the control group was injected with equal amount of normal saline. General conditions of the model mice were observed. Peripheral blood red cells were counted by automatic blood cell analyzer. Bone marrow hematopoietic stem cells were counted by magnetic bead sorting technique and flow cytometry. Proliferation of bone marrow stromal cells was detected by MTT method. Expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 in bone marrow stromal cells was detected by flow cytometry.  RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Angelica polysaccharide had no obvious effect on the body mass of hemorrhagic anemia mice (P > 0.05). The number of peripheral blood cells, the percentage of bone marrow CD34+ and Sca-1+ cells, the number of bone marrow stromal cells and the level of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 were ranked as follows: high-concentration group > low-concentration group > control group (P < 0.05). To conclude, angelica polysaccharide could promote the proliferation of bone marrow stromal cells and increase the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule 1, thereby promoting the proliferation of hematopoietic stem cells and regulating their functional activities.   中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞；骨髓干细胞；造血干细胞；脂肪干细胞；肿瘤干细胞；胚胎干细胞；脐带脐血干细胞；干细胞诱导；干细胞分化；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of small molecule hydrogels on proliferation, apoptosis and myocardial differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells Chen Guo-qin, Li Jin-liang, Song Ming-cai, Ou Cai-wen 2017, 21 (21):  3299-3305.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2017.21.004 Abstract ( 327 )   PDF (6375KB) ( 564 )   Save BACKGROUND: A short-peptide small molecule hydrogel (SMH) developed in the previous study has more obvious advantages than other hydrogels to improve local microenvironment, carry bioactive substances and interfere with stem cell signal transduction pathways. OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of SMHs on bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) proliferation, apoptosis and differentiation into myocardial cells. METHODS: (1) Passage 9 rat BMSCs in vitro were divided into control group and experimental group, followed by routine culture and culture in SMHs, respectively. At 7 days of culture, cell proliferation and apoptosis were detected. Cells in the two groups were exposed to anaerobic environment for 12 hours, and expression levels of Bcl-2, Bax and Caspase-3 in BMSCs were detected. (2) Passage 9 BMSCs were divided into four groups and then cultured in 5-azacytidine, SMHs, SMHs+5-azacytidine, and L-DMEM (normal control), respectively. After 4 weeks of induction, expression of CTnT, desmin and Cx-43 proteins was detected and expression levels of early cardiac transcription factors, NKX2.5 and GATA-4, were also measured. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Compared with the control group, better proliferation and lower apoptosis of BMSCs were found in the experimental group. Under anaerobic conditions, the number of survival cells was reduced in both groups, but less apoptosis or necrosis was found in the experimental group than the control group (P < 0.05). Moreover, the level of Bcl-2 was higher in the experimental group than the control group (P < 0.01), while the levels of Bax and Caspases-3 protiens were lower in the experimental group than the control group (P < 0.01). (2) NKx2.5 and GATA-4 mRNA expression was found in both 5-azacytidine and SMHs+5-azacytidine groups, and moreover, the mRNA levels of early cardiac transcription factors were significantly higher in the SMHs+5-azacytidine group than in the 5-azacytidine group (P < 0.05). In the normal control group, cTnT expressed negatively, and desmin and Cx-43 expressed weakly. The expression of cTnT, desmin and Cx-43 proteins was higher in the SMHs+5-azacytidine group than in the 5-azacytidine and SMHs groups, while there was no significant difference between the latter two groups. To conclude, SMHs as a culture medium is conducive to the proliferation of BMSCs, reduces cell apoptosis, and promotes myocardial differentiation of BMSCs.   中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞；骨髓干细胞；造血干细胞；脂肪干细胞；肿瘤干细胞；胚胎干细胞；脐带脐血干细胞；干细胞诱导；干细胞分化；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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In vitro culture of autologous mesenchymal stem cells from the joint drainage fluid after knee arthroscopy: a feasibility study Liang Xue-zhen, Xu Bo, Wang Shao-shan 2017, 21 (21):  3306-3311.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2017.21.005 Abstract ( 349 )   PDF (4448KB) ( 472 )   Save BACKGROUND: Mesenchymal stem cells have a extreme prospect in orthopedics, which show great potential especially in the treatment of articular cartilage defect disease. Bone marrow is the main source of mesenchymal stem cells, and the iliac puncture is a conventional way to obtain bone marrow, but is restricted by the limited resources and strict technical requirements. Therefore, it is of great significance to explore new effective and convenient sources of mesenchymal stem cells. OBJECTIVE: To explore the feasibility of autologous mesenchymal stem cells derived from the joint drainage fluid after knee arthroscopy. METHODS: We selected eight patients who underwent arthroscopic surgery to collect joint drainage fluid by pre-made sterile blood bag before the wound closure. Precipitation with hydroxyethyl starch and density gradient centrifugation method were performed to isolate and culture mesenchymal stem cells from the joint drainage fluid. Cell morphology, growth curve, surface marker identification were observed and detected using flow cytometry. Then, adipogenic, chondrogenic and osteogenic differentiation of cells were induced and identified by oil red O, toluidine blue staining, and alizarin red staining, respectively.  RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The cultured cells were spindle-shaped, adherently grew and had good proliferation ability, which were positive for CD44, CD90, CD105 and CD73, but not for CD45. Under standard inductions, the cultured cells were induced to differentiate into osteoblasts, adipocytes and chondrocytes. Therefore, these cells were confirmed as mesenchymal stem cells. Mesenchymal stem cells were successfully isolated from the joint drainage fluid of eight patients and had no difference in cell morphology, proliferation and phenotypes. To conclude, the joint drainage fluid is an ideal source of mesenchymal stem cells with the guaranteed quality and quantity.   中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞；骨髓干细胞；造血干细胞；脂肪干细胞；肿瘤干细胞；胚胎干细胞；脐带脐血干细胞；干细胞诱导；干细胞分化；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Chondrogenesis of adipose tissue-derived stem cells induced by auricular chondrocytes from microtia in vivo Cai Zhen, Jiang Hai-yue 2017, 21 (21):  3312-3319.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2017.21.006 Abstract ( 362 )   PDF (5677KB) ( 587 )   Save BACKGROUND: Due to quantity and quality deficiencies, chondrocytes from microtia are difficult to act as seed cells to construct an ear cartilage scaffold with the normal human auricle size. OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that auricular chondrocytes from microtia can promote chondrogenic differentiation and chondrogenesis of human adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ADSCs) at non-chondrogensis site in vivo, which is the preparatory work for preparation of human tissue-engineered auricle cartilage scaffold.  METHODS: Human ADSCs at passage 3 and auricular chondrocytes at passage 2 were mixed at a ratio of 7:3 and 5.0×1010/L mixed cells were suspended in 0.2 mL of 30% Pluronic F-127, and then the mixture was injected subcutaneously into Balb/c nude mice as experimental group. Auricular chondrocytes or ADSCs at the concentration of 5.0×1010/L were mixed with 0.2 mL of Pluronic F-127 and injected respectively as positive and negative control groups. 1.5×1010/L auricular chondrocytes were mixed and injected as low-concentration chondrocyte control group. All specimens were collected at the 8th week post-injection. Newborn tissues in nude mice were taken out for morphological examination, wet weight measurement, determination of glycosaminoglycans, histological and immunohistochemical staining.  RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The wet weight of specimens in the experimental group was over 80% of that in the positive control group, and the wet weight of specimens in the low-concentration chondrocyte control group was less than 30% of that in the positive control group. The average wet weight and glycosaminoglycan content were significantly higher in the experimental and positive control group than in the negative control and low-concentration chondrocyte control groups (P < 0.05). In all the groups except for the negative control group, mature cartilage lacunas could be observed by histological staining and collagen type II could be detected for expression by immunohistochemistry to different extents. In the low concentration chondrocyte control group, cartilage lacunas were incompact and inhomogeneous, and the extracellular matrix was slightly stained. In the negative control group, mature cartilage lacunae and collagen type II could not be detective. To conclude, auricular chondrocytes from microtia can promote chondrogenic differentiation and chondrogenesis of ADSCs at the non-chondrogenesis site in vivo.   中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞；骨髓干细胞；造血干细胞；脂肪干细胞；肿瘤干细胞；胚胎干细胞；脐带脐血干细胞；干细胞诱导；干细胞分化；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Quantitative real-time PCR detection of DNA methylation transferase in the malignantly transformed human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells Chen Ye-zeng, Tang Qiu-ling, Chen Qiu-rong, Lai Xiu-lan, Qiu Xiao-yan, Zheng Ze-xin, Li Wei-zhong 2017, 21 (21):  3320-3325.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2017.21.007 Abstract ( 321 )   PDF (4799KB) ( 279 )   Save BACKGROUND: Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) may be mutated during in vitro culture based on the spontaneous malignant transformation of adult stem cells and tumor stem cell theory, and there may be a risk of tumorigenesis after in vivo transplantation. Therefore, to establish and perfect the in vitro safety testing procedures will actively promote the clinical application of stem cells. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the tumorigenic mechanism of hUC-MSCs and the expression level of DNA methyltransferase (DNMTs) in hUC-MSCs. METHODS: Primary hUC-MSCs were isolated and expanded by tissue adherent culture. 3-Methycholanthrene was used to cause the malignant transformation in hUC-MSCs (experimental group), followed by morphological observation and tumorigenesis experiment in nude mice. Then, the tumor tissues were obtained and identified by pathological examination and primary cell culture, and the levels of DNMTs mRNA in hUC-MSCs treated with 3-methycholanthrene and dimethyl sulfoxide (control group) were detected by real-time RT-PCR and compared. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: hUC-MSCs treated with 3-methycholanthrene led to malignant transformation, which showed malignant growth and non-integer ploidy changes in the cell nuclei, and formed a malignant tumor in immune-deficient mice after injection. Compared with the control group, the cells in the experimental group showed higher expression of DNMTs mRNA as detected by real-time RT-PCR. To conclude, hUC-MSCs can trigger malignant transformation in the morphology and the epigenetics under certain conditions. DNMTs can be a candidate for prevention against malignant transformation of transplanted stem cells.     中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞；骨髓干细胞；造血干细胞；脂肪干细胞；肿瘤干细胞；胚胎干细胞；脐带脐血干细胞；干细胞诱导；干细胞分化；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of sodium butyrate combined with TRAIL on biological behaviors of lung cancer stem cells Shi Hong-yang, Ji Yu-qiang, Zhang De-xin, Liu Yun, Fang Ping 2017, 21 (21):  3326-3331.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2017.21.008 Abstract ( 367 )   PDF (1037KB) ( 239 )   Save BACKGROUND: Sodium butyrate, a histone deacetylase inhibitor, can inhibit cell proliferation, and induce apoptosis and differentiation of various cancer cells. However, the role of sodium butyrate combined with tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) on lung cancer stem cells remains unclear. OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of sodium butyrate combined with TRAIL on biological behaviors of lung cancer stem cells. METHODS: Magnetic bead separation was used to separate lung cancer stem cells (CD133+) from human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells. After the lung cancer stem cells were treated with simple DMEM/F12, DMEM/F12 containing sodium butyrate (5 mmol/L), TRAIL (50 μg/L) or sodium butyrate combined with TRAIL, the cell proliferation within 96 hours of culture was determined by MTT assay; the apoptosis within 24 hours of culture was measured by flow cytometry; the cell migration within 48 hours of culture was detected by cell scratch test; the expression levels of pluripotent transcription factors (Oct4, Sox2 and Nanog) within 48 hours of culture were detected using western blot analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The CD133+ lung cancer stem cells were successfully enriched from human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells. MTT assay showed that sodium butyrate and TRAIL significantly inhibited the proliferation of lung cancer stem cells (P < 0.05), and the combination effect was even stronger (P < 0.05). Results from flow cytometry analysis and scratch test showed that sodium butyrate or TRAIL induced apoptosis and inhibited cell migration of lung cancer stem cells (P < 0.05), and the combination of sodium butyrate and TRAIL showed a stronger effect (P < 0.05). In addition, the expression levels of Oct4, Sox2 and Nanog were significantly down-regulated by sodium butyrate (P < 0.05), TRAIL or sodium butyrate combined with TRAIL, and the combination effect was stronger (P < 0.05). In conclusion, sodium butyrate and TRAIL have synergistic effects on lung cancer stem cells, indicating a new way for treatment of lung cancer.   中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞；骨髓干细胞；造血干细胞；脂肪干细胞；肿瘤干细胞；胚胎干细胞；脐带脐血干细胞；干细胞诱导；干细胞分化；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of liquiritin on the proliferation of neural stem cells from the brain of mouse embryos Li She-fang, Miao Ling-juan, Li Ning, Liang He, Ren De-qi, Guo Jian 2017, 21 (21):  3332-3337.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2017.21.009 Abstract ( 309 )   PDF (4383KB) ( 570 )   Save BACKGROUND: Liquiritin has the protective and nutritive effects on neural stem cells. However, the effect of liquiritin on neural stem cells from the brain of mouse embryos remains unclear. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of different concentrations of liquiritin on the proliferation of neural stem cells from the brain of mouse embryos. METHODS: Neural stem cells were separated from the embryonic brain of Kunming white mice at the gestational age of 14 days. The identification of embryonic neural stem cells was performed by immunocytochemistry method. The expression of neural stem cells-special genes was determined by qRT-PCR. The cell growth curve was drawn and proliferation of embryonic neural stem cells treated with 0, 1, 2, 4 or 8 g/L liquiritin for 48 hours was measured by MTT assay. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) When cultured at day 5, all individual neural stem cells gathered together into neurospheres; with the extension of time, the neurospheres were enlarged, and gathered together into larger cell masses. (2) Results from immunocytochemistry showed that all the floating neurospheres was nestin-positive. Data from qRT-PCR revealed a higher expression of nestin mRNA, but there was no expression of neuron-specific enolase and glial fibrillary acidic protein in the neural stem cells. (4) The growth of neural stem cells was slow at the beginning. After 2-3 days, the cell proliferation quickly entered the exponential phase. After 4 days, the cell proliferation gradually slowed down, and the overall cell growth entered into the platform period. (5) The cell proliferation after treatment with 2, 4 or 8 g/L liquiritin was faster than that in the control group (0 g/L). To conclude, 2-8 g/L liquiritin could increase the proliferation of neural stem cells from the brain of mouse embryos.     中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞；骨髓干细胞；造血干细胞；脂肪干细胞；肿瘤干细胞；胚胎干细胞；脐带脐血干细胞；干细胞诱导；干细胞分化；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Tumor necrosis factor-alpha antagonist combined with tyrosine kinase C gene- modified neural stem cell transplantation for spinal cord injury Wang Le, Chen Ning-ning, Li Ting-ting, Zhao Xiao-yang, Wei Fu-xin, Cui Shang-bin, Wan Yong,Liu Shao-yu 2017, 21 (21):  3338-3345.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2017.21.010 Abstract ( 322 )   PDF (8103KB) ( 448 )   Save BACKGROUND: Whether controlling of post-injury inflammatory response combined with neural stem cell (NSC) transplantation can improve the curative efficacy for spinal cord injury still remains unclear. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the repair of spinal cord tissue, myelin regeneration, axon regeneration, motor function recovery and the possible mechanism after early application of tumor necrosis factor α antagonist (Etanercept) combined with tyrosine kinase C (TrkC) gene-modified NSC transplantation. METHODS: TrkC-overexpressed NSCs (TrkC-NSCs) were constructed by lentiviral transfection technique. The rat models of spinal cord transection injury were prepared, and then subjected to Etanercept combined with TrkC-NSCs transplantation. The number of neurons and neuroregeneration after injury were measured by Nissl’s staining, immunofluorescence and western blot. The rat motor function was detected by Basso Beattie Bresnahan score and evoked potential. The myelin regeneration was detected by electron microscopy and toluidine blue staining. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with the other groups, the Etanercept combined with TrkC-NSCs transplantation group had more survived anterior horn motor neurons at 28 days after injury, more myelin-encapsulated axons, higher Basso Beattie Bresnahan score, greater amplitude of the evoked potentials, and relatively shorter latency (all P < 0.05). These findings indicate that early application of tumor necrosis factor-α antagonist combined with TrkC-NSCs transplantation after spinal cord injury in rats can effectively promote myelin regeneration, axon regeneration, and further promote motor function recovery.   中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞；骨髓干细胞；造血干细胞；脂肪干细胞；肿瘤干细胞；胚胎干细胞；脐带脐血干细胞；干细胞诱导；干细胞分化；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation combined with Shenghuazhixue decoction in the treatment of postpartum subinvolution of uterus Chen Ji-long, Feng Jun 2017, 21 (21):  3346-3351.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2017.21.011 Abstract ( 335 )   PDF (5877KB) ( 875 )   Save BACKGROUND: Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMSCs) transplantation has been reported to promote the repair of uterine injury; Shenghuazhixue decoction functions to promote blood circulation and remove blood stasis, and dysmenorrhea. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of BMSCs transplantation combined with Shenghuazhixue decoction on subinvolution of uterus effect and the underlying mechanism. METHODS: The model of subinvolution of uterus was established in 40 female Sprague-Dawley rats, followed by randomly divided into four groups: control, Shenghuazhixue decoction, BMSCs, and combination groups. The control group received no treatment; at the 1st day after modeling, 1×107/L BMSCs (1 mL) were injected into the rat myometrium in the BMSCs and combination groups before laparotomy; the rats in the Shenghuazhixue decoction group received no treatment after incision of uterus, and then rinsed using normal saline before closing the abdomen; the Shenghuazhixue decoction and combination groups were given 8 mL/(kg•d) Shenghuazhixue detection via gavage at the 1st day after modeling, once daily, for consecutive 7 days. Afterwards, the relevant indexes were detected. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with the control group, the body weight, uterine wet weight and uterine index in the combined group were significantly decreased after treatment (P < 0.05). The body weight and uterine wet weight showed significant differences between Shenghuazhixue decoction and control groups (P < 0.05). Compared with the control group, the expression levels of intrerleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor-α were significantly decreased, and the serum level of thromboxane B2 was significantly increased in the Shenghuazhixue decoction group after treatment (P < 0.05). After treatment, the expression levels of intrerleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor-α were significantly decreased, and the level of vascular endothelial growth factor was significantly increased in the BMSCs group compared with the control group (P < 0.05). Compared with the control group, there was significant decease in the expression levels of intrerleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor-α, and significant increase in serum level of thromboxane B2 and vascular endothelial growth factor in the combination group (P < 0.01). These results suggest that BMSCs transplantation combined with Shenghuazhixue detection can reduce postpartum body weight, uterine wet weight and index of uterus, and promote uterine involution in female rats, which may be through decreasing the levels of intrerleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor-α as well as increasing the levels of thromboxane B2 and vascular endothelial growth factor.     中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞；骨髓干细胞；造血干细胞；脂肪干细胞；肿瘤干细胞；胚胎干细胞；脐带脐血干细胞；干细胞诱导；干细胞分化；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Salveanolic acid B promotes the mobilization and adhesion of endothelial progenitor cells Zhao Xian-feng, Xu Yu 2017, 21 (21):  3352-3357.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2017.21.012 Abstract ( 328 )   PDF (5316KB) ( 583 )   Save BACKGROUND: Vascular endothelial injury usually appears following atherosclerosis, hypertension, diabetes mellitus and other diseases, which can be repaired by endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) in the systemic circulation. OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of salveanolic acid B on the mobilization and adhesion of EPCs in mice. METHODS: Thirty C57BL/6 mice were selected and randomly divided into surgical and non-surgical groups, (n=15 per group). Common carotid arteries of mice in the surgical group were injured by iron wire, then were subdivided into three groups (n=5 per group), and were given the injection of 5% of glucose (control group), 100 g/L salveanolic acid B and 10 μmol/L vascular endothelial growth factor, respectively. Meanwhile, the mice in the non-surgical group received the same assignment and treatment, but the common carotid arteries were not injured. After consecutive 7-day administration, the EPCs in the peripheral blood of the mice were isolated, and the EPCs adhesion was tested by flow chamber experiment. The serum levels of stromal cell-derived factor-1 and interleukin-8 were detected by ELISA kits. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The proportion of EPCs in the surgical group was significantly increased compared with the non-surgical group (P < 0.05). After 7-day administration, the proportion of EPCs in the salveanolic acid B and vascular endothelial growth factor subgroups of the surgical group was significantly higher than that in the control subgroup (P < 0.05); the proportion of EPCs in the vascular endothelial growth factor subgroup of the non-surgical group was significantly higher than that in the control and salveanolic acid B subgroups (P < 0.05). Flow chamber experiment revealed that the number of EPCs in the salveanolic acid B subgroup was significantly more than that in the control subgroup (P < 0.05). In the surgical group, the serum levels of stromal cell-derived factor-1 and interleukin-8 in the in the salveanolic acid B and vascular endothelial growth factor subgroups were significantly higher than those in the control subgroup (P < 0.05); in the non-surgical group, the serum levels of stromal cell-derived factor-1 and interleukin-8 in the in the vascular endothelial growth factor subgroup were significantly higher than those in the control subgroup (P < 0.05). To conclude, salveanolic acid B can increase the efficiency of the EPCs mobilization in bone marrow in vivo, help the EPCs adhere to the collagen surface, and upregulate the serum levels of stromal cell-derived factor-1 and interleukin-8.     中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞；骨髓干细胞；造血干细胞；脂肪干细胞；肿瘤干细胞；胚胎干细胞；脐带脐血干细胞；干细胞诱导；干细胞分化；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Tanreqing injection combined with human amniotic mesenchymal stem cell transplantation exerts protective effect against blood transfusion related acute lung injury Gu Pei-hong 2017, 21 (21):  3358-3363.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2017.21.013 Abstract ( 267 )   PDF (5235KB) ( 519 )   Save BACKGROUND: With the improvement of cellular technology, stem cell transplantation has been involved in various diseases, such as transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI). OBJECTIVE: To investigate the protective effect of Tanreqing injection combined with human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells (hAMSCs) transplantation in a mouse model of TRALI.  METHODS: A total of 80 BALB/C male mice were divided into control group, model group, Tanreqing injection group, hAMSCs transplantation group and combined group (Tanreqing injection+hAMSCs transplantation group). Animal models of TRALI were made in all groups except the control group. Mouse lung tissue pathology and wet/dry ratio were observed and calculated 24 hours after treatment. ELISA was used to measure interleukin-10, interleukin-1β, and tumor necrosis factor-α levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Expression of keratinocyte growth factor-1 mRNA and protein was detected by RT-PCR and western blot, respectively. Apoptosis in the lung tissue was detected by TUNEL method.   RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Thickened alveolar septum, alveolar fibrin infiltration, alveolar hemorrhage, thickened bronchial wall, and increased lung wet/dry ratio were observed in the model group, and these pathological changes were slightly milder in the Tanreqing injection group and hAMSCs transplantation group. Compared with the model group, the lung wet/dry ratio was significantly lower in the Tanreqing injection group and hAMSCs transplantation group (P < 0.05), and very significantly lower in the combined group (P < 0.01). (2) Compared with the model group, the levels of interleukin-10, interleukin-1β, and tumor necrosis factor-α in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were significantly lower in the Tanreqing injection group and hAMSCs transplantation group (P < 0.05), and very significantly lower in the combined group (P < 0.01), but these levels were still higher in the combined group than the control group (P < 0.05). (3) The expression levels of keratinocyte growth factor-1 mRNA and protein were ranked as follows: combined group > Tanreqing injection group and hAMSCs transplantation group > model group, and there were significant differences between them (P < 0.05). (4) The apoptotic index was ranked as follows: combined group < Tanreqing injection group and hAMSCs transplantation group < model group. To conclude, Tanreqing injection combined with hAMSCs transplantation can improve expression of keratinocyte growth factor-1 in the lung tissue of TRALI mice, reduce degree of lung inflammatory reaction and pathologic injury, and reduce the apoptosis in the lung tissue, which plays a protective role against lung injury in mice.       中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞；骨髓干细胞；造血干细胞；脂肪干细胞；肿瘤干细胞；胚胎干细胞；脐带脐血干细胞；干细胞诱导；干细胞分化；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Proportion and difference of neural stem cells and neurons from different embryonic mouse brain tissues   Zhang Feng-lan, Yang Lu-jun, Xiao Zhi-cheng 2017, 21 (21):  3364-3369.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2017.21.014 Abstract ( 311 )   PDF (4838KB) ( 594 )   Save BACKGROUND: At present, mouse embryonic neural stem cells (NSCs) culture has been skillfully operated by many labs, but there are differences existing about which part are dissociated to get NSCs. Embryonic 14 days (E14) mouse brain tissues are widely used for culturing NSCs, but there are less studies about the detailed percentage and difference of NSCs separated from different brain tissues. OBJECTIVE: To test the proportion and difference of NSCs and neurons percentage from E14 mouse whole brain, cortex and forebrain, providing quantized data for optimizing the isolation of high-purity NSCs. METHODS: E14 C57BL/6 mouse whole brain, cortex and forebrain tissues were separated and dissociated into single cells that were adherently cultured for 3.0-4.0 hours and labeled by DAPI. Then the cells were immunostained with NSCs specific marker, Nestin, and neuron specific marker, Tuj1, to identify NSCs and neurons percentage by calculating Nestin+/DAPI and Tuj1+/DAPI. In addition, real-time PCR assay was used to test Nestin and Tuj1 mRNA expression in the E14 mouse whole brain, cortex and forebrain.  RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Immunocytochemical results showed that there were a large amount of Nestin+ and Tuj1+ cells in the whole brain, cortex and forebrain of E14 mice. NSCs percentage in the forebrain was obviously higher than that in the whole brain (P < 0.01) and cortex (P < 0.05), while the percentage of neurons in the forebrain was significantly lower than that in the whole brain (P < 0.05) and in the cortex (P < 0.001). (2) Real-time PCR results showed that the Nestin mRNA expression in the forebrain was significantly higher than that in the whole brain (P < 0.05) and slightly higher than that in the cortex (P > 0.05); the Tuj1 mRNA expression in the forebrain was significantly lower than that in the whole brain (P < 0.05) and in the cortex (P < 0.05). These findings indicated that the forebrain had the most NSCs and the least neurons compared with the whole brain and the cortex. In summary, E14 mouse forebrain has the highest percentage of NSCs compared with the whole brain and cortex, which is a better source to obtain NSCs for the following cell culture experiments.     中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞；骨髓干细胞；造血干细胞；脂肪干细胞；肿瘤干细胞；胚胎干细胞；脐带脐血干细胞；干细胞诱导；干细胞分化；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The value of GFAP promoter driven fluorescent reporter system in the neural differentiation tracing of neural stem cells Chen Jing, Yu Wei-hua, Li Fu-gui 2017, 21 (21):  3370-3375.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2017.21.015 Abstract ( 307 )   PDF (5577KB) ( 561 )   Save BACKGROUND: Neural stem cells, as a hot topic in neuroscience research, have a wide application prospect in the treatment of neurological damage, but how to obtain a large number of terminally differentiated and purified nerve cells with homogeneous features is a difficult problem in this field. The use of intracellular fluorescence reporter system to track the process of neural stem cell differentiation and obtain a single kind of terminally differentiated and purified nerve cells provides a viable option. OBJECTIVE: To explore the value of GFAP promoter-driven fluorescence reporter system in tracing the neural differentiation of neural stem cells (NSCs). METHODS: Cerebral cortex of mouse embryos were primarily dissociated and sent for digesting and pipetting mechanically before suspension culture, followed by immunofluorescence staining of Nestin to identify their biological characteristics. Lentivirus carrying pLV/Final-neo-GFAP(promoter)-dTomato vector was employed to infect above-mentioned NSCs, and Geneticin (G418) was used to obtain purified NSCs at 14 days. Subsequently the purified cells were induced to differentiate into astrocyte-like cells; meanwhile red fluorescence changes in cells were observed by microscopy. The red fluorescent cells were then subjected to perform immunofluorescence staining at 13 days after induction. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The expression of Nestin in the isolated primary cells was strongly positive. Purified NSCs were obtained by lentivirus infection and subsequent G418 resistance selection at 14 days. After induced into astrocyte-like cells, the red fluorescence was observed in the cells under the microscope and furthermore, GFAP staining was also positive. Mouse NSCs carrying neo-GFAP(promoter)-dTomato were successfully obtained. The cells could express dTomato under the control of GFAP promoter, which provides a powerful tool for research on NSC differentiation mechanism, neural transplantation and tissue engineering product development.     中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞；骨髓干细胞；造血干细胞；脂肪干细胞；肿瘤干细胞；胚胎干细胞；脐带脐血干细胞；干细胞诱导；干细胞分化；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of pulsed magnetic fields on endogenous neural stem cell factors in the brain after craniocerebral injury Gan Xiao, Zhang Dong-bo, Liu Xiang-ye, Fu Liu-peng, Bai Xin-xue, Wu Nan-li 2017, 21 (21):  3376-3381.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2017.21.016 Abstract ( 266 )   PDF (4881KB) ( 575 )   Save BACKGROUND: Studies have shown that pulsed electromagnetism has a good effect in promoting peripheral nerve regeneration after cerebral infarction and spinal cord injury, and improving memory function in patients with neurological disorders. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the impact of pulsed magnetic field on brain function and endogenous neural stem cell factor in the brain tissue of rats with brain injury. METHODS: Totally 320 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into model group, pulsed magnetic field 0.1 mT group, pulsed magnetic field 0.3 mT group and pulsed magnetic field 0.5 mT group (n=80 per group). After brain injury models were established using lateral hydraulic strike method, rats in the latter three groups were exposed to pulsed magnetic fields 0.1, 0.3, 0.5 mT, respectively. After electromagnetic radiation 1, 3, 7, 14 days, the motor function of rats was evaluated by beam-walking test and water maze test. Rats were intraperitoneally injected 5-deoxy-uridine (BrdU) at 1 day prior to different radiation time points, and BrdU and nestin expressions in the cerebral cortex were measured by immunohistochemical method.  RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The time of water maze test and the beam-walking test at 1, 3 and 7 days after irradiation was ranked as follows: pulse magnetic field 0.5 mT < pulse magnetic field 0.3 mT < pulse magnetic field 0.1 mT < model group, and there were significant differences between groups (P < 0.05). (2) The expressions of BrdU and nestin at 1, 3 and 7 days after irradiation were highest in the pulse magnetic field 0.5 mT group, successively followed by pulse magnetic field 0.3 mT group, pulse magnetic field 0.1 mT group and model group (P < 0.05). In summary, the pulse magnetic field exhibits remarkable protective effects on the brain function of rats with craniocerebral injury in an intensity-dependent manner. The possible mechanism is related to the activation of neural stem cells and the proliferation of neural stem cells in the brain tissue of rats with craniocerebral injury.     中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞；骨髓干细胞；造血干细胞；脂肪干细胞；肿瘤干细胞；胚胎干细胞；脐带脐血干细胞；干细胞诱导；干细胞分化；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Human amniotic epithelial cells transfected by enhanced green fluorescent protein gene mediated by adenovirus vector Jin Ling, Liu Xiao-yong, Xu Wei, Hao Xiao-ning, Niu Jing-yi, Wang Yi-ting, Cao Duan-rong 2017, 21 (21):  3382-3387.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2017.21.017 Abstract ( 274 )   PDF (1964KB) ( 432 )   Save BACKGROUND: Human amniotic epithelial cells have some properties of stem cells, which can be induced to differentiate into corneal epithelial cells, but cannot be traced in vitro. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the feasibility and infection efficiency of adenovirus vector carrying enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) into the human amniotic epithelial cells. METHODS: The adenovirus vectors carrying EGFP was transferred into human amniotic epithelial cells cultured in vitro. After cultured and amplified, the morphology difference between transfected and non-transfected human amniotic epithelial cells was observed. The transfected human amniotic epithelial cells were observed under fluorescence microscope, and the cell cycle and the expression rate of EGFP in transfected human amniotic epithelial cells were detected by flow cytometry. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: No obvious difference in the cell morphology was found between transfected human amniotic epithelial cells and normal human amniotic epithelial cells cultured in vitro. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that the EGFP positive rate was highest and reached up to 99.01% at 48 hours after transient transfection. The cell cycle of human amniotic epithelial cells transfected by the adenovirus vector was slowed a bit. To conclude, the adenovirus vector is a good medium of transfecting EGFP into human amniotic epithelial cells, and makes it more convenient to observe the further transformation of human amniotic epithelial cells in vitro.     中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞；骨髓干细胞；造血干细胞；脂肪干细胞；肿瘤干细胞；胚胎干细胞；脐带脐血干细胞；干细胞诱导；干细胞分化；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Isolation and cultivation of human placental chorionic-derived mesenchymal stem cells: optimization of the tissue explants method Jin Yu-lin, Wu Jie-ying, Lu Yan, Chen Jin-song, Li Fa-tao, Tang Jie, Liu Dong, Liang Qi-hua, Li Yan, Tang Xue-wei, Xie Gui-e, Wu Shao-qing 2017, 21 (21):  3388-3393.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2017.21.018 Abstract ( 377 )   PDF (4093KB) ( 486 )   Save BACKGROUND: There are a lot of studies on isolation and culture methods of human placental chorionic-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hpcMSCs), but how to simply and efficiently harvest a large amount of primary MSCs has not been resolved. OBJECTIVE: To optimize the tissue explants method of isolating and culturing hpcMSCs in vitro. METHODS: Human placental chorionic villi were collected from full-term deliveries under aseptic condition and isolated by electric homogenizer. hpcMSCs were prepared by tissue explants method. The fluid and tissue of the primary culture flask and douching normal saline of the initial culture were centrifuged and prepared for secondary culture.  RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: It saved time and effort to treat human placental chorionic villi with electric homogenizer, with good effects on tissue dispersion and removal of red blood cells. The average time of cell acquisition in initial culture and secondary culture was (17.73±1.14) and (10.03±1.30) days, respectively. The yields of primary cultured cells in initial culture and secondary culture were (6.97±0.98)×105 and (13.82±1.44)×105 per Φ100 mm culture dish, respectively. The adherent cells showed fibroblast-cell-like shape, which were in parallel or circinate arrangement. Highly expressed CD73, CD105 and CD90 could be detected in the third generation of hpcMSCs, but CD34, CD45, CD14, CD19 and HLA-DR were negative. Following induction, alizarin red staining and oil red O staining produced a strong reaction in cells. In a word, the optimized method is a simple and efficient method for obtaining a large amount of primary hpcMSCs.     中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞；骨髓干细胞；造血干细胞；脂肪干细胞；肿瘤干细胞；胚胎干细胞；脐带脐血干细胞；干细胞诱导；干细胞分化；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Sinomenine effects on differentiation and maturation of rat bone marrow-derived dendritic cells Huang Jiang-bo, Luo Zhi-gang, Gao Hong-qiang, Liu Li, He Qun-jun, Li Jian-jun, Yan Cai-hong, Long Xiang-yang 2017, 21 (21):  3394-3399.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2017.21.019 Abstract ( 272 )   PDF (4350KB) ( 574 )   Save BACKGROUND: It may be an important approach to avoiding organ transplant rejection by utilizing immature dendritic cells to induce donor-specific immunologic tolerance. OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of sinomenine on the differentiation and maturation of rat bone marrow-derived dendritic cells in vitro. METHODS: Bone marrow-derived dendritic cells were isolated from the rat femur and tibia, and immature dendritic cells were induced by granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor and interleukin-4. On day 7, lipopolysaccharide was added and the cells were cultured to generate mature dendritic cells. Cells were divided into control group and low-, middle- and high-dose sinomenine treatment groups (SNL, SNM, SNH groups). Forty hours later, dendritic cells were harvested, and cell morphology was observed by inverted phase contrast microscope. The expression of CD80 and RT1B was detected by flow cytometry. ELISA was used to detect the expression of interleukin-12. The mixed lymphocyte reaction was used to detect the ability of dendritic cells to stimulate the activation of allogeneic T lymphocytes.  RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Under the inverted microscope, the morphology of mature dendritic cells was observed in the control group; in the SNL group most dendritic cells were visible; in the SNM group, there were partially suspended cells with poor maturation; and in the SNH group, most of the cells were not mature. (2) The expression of CD80 in the control group was significantly lower than that in the SNL, SNM and SNH groups (P < 0.05), and the expression of RT1B was significantly reduced in the SNM and SNH groups than the control group. (3) Compared with the control group, the level of IL-12p70 in the cell supernatant was significantly decreased in the SNM and SNH groups (P < 0.01). (4) The ability of dendritic cells to stimulate T lymphocyte proliferation in the SNM and SNH groups was significantly decreased compared with the control group (P < 0.05). To conclude, sinomenine can inhibit the maturation of dendritic cells.     中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞；骨髓干细胞；造血干细胞；脂肪干细胞；肿瘤干细胞；胚胎干细胞；脐带脐血干细胞；干细胞诱导；干细胞分化；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical application and advancement of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in the treatment of various diseases Zhang Kai-hui, Xu Bao-shan, Yang Qiang 2017, 21 (21):  3400-3406.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2017.21.020 Abstract ( 389 )   PDF (4862KB) ( 611 )   Save BACKGROUND: Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells as non-hematopoietic stem cells from the mesoderm mostly come from the bone marrow, which have a stronger self-renewal ability, multilineage differentiation ability and low immunogenicity and are easy to receive the introduction of foreign genes. Therefore this kind of cells have become the research hotspot in recent years. OBJECTIVE: To summarize the latest clinical application and advancement of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in the treatment of various diseases. METHODS: PubMed (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PubMed) and SinoMed (http://www.sinomed.ac.cn/zh/) databases were searched by the first author using the keywords of “bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, therapy” to identify the relevant articles published in English and Chinese, respectively, from 2011 to 2016. After excluding repetitive, irrelevant or Meta-analysis literatures, we enrolled 49 literatures for final analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Studies on bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells have achieved new grades in the treatment of respiratory system disease, cardiovascular disease, urinary system disease, nervous system disease, liver disease, diabetes mellitus, hematological system disease, autoimmune disease, graft-versus-host disease, motor system disease, although its application has the risk of oncogenicity. Further investigation on the oncogenicity of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells will be gradually explored, aiming to a better clinical use of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells.     中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞；骨髓干细胞；造血干细胞；脂肪干细胞；肿瘤干细胞；胚胎干细胞；脐带脐血干细胞；干细胞诱导；干细胞分化；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Underlying mechanism of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in the repair of radiation-induced hematopoietic injury Guo De-bin, Zhu Xiang-qing, Pan Xing-hua 2017, 21 (21):  3407-3413.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2017.21.021 Abstract ( 289 )   PDF (975KB) ( 275 )   Save BACKGROUND: Co-transplantation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) can improve the survival rate following radiation damage. OBJECTIVE: To review the mechanisms of BMSCs in hematopoietic reconstitution and immunomodulation after radiation damage. METHODS: Relevant articles included in the Web of science from 2005 to 2016 were retrieved, and the keywords were “mesenchymal stem cells; radiation; radiation injury; hematopoietic stem cells; hematopoietic reconstitution; immunomodulatory” in English. Then we sorted and analyzed the articles which were closely related to the theme. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: BMSCs can repair broken DNA double bonds by autophagy and HR/NHEJ pathway; support and protect HSCs by intercellular interactions and paracrine action; and repair radiation-induced hematopoietic injury by inhibiting inflammation and immune responses to maintain HSC homeostasis. Therefore, BMSCs may function as an effective treatment for radiation-induced hematopoietic injury.     中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞；骨髓干细胞；造血干细胞；脂肪干细胞；肿瘤干细胞；胚胎干细胞；脐带脐血干细胞；干细胞诱导；干细胞分化；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Some recent progress on breast cancer stem cells Luo Zhi-ping, Lau Clara Bik-san, Tan Ning-hua 2017, 21 (21):  3414-3419.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2017.21.022 Abstract ( 373 )   PDF (856KB) ( 411 )   Save BACKGROUND: With the in-depth exploration of the mechanism of breast cancer occurrence and increasing attention has been paid to breast cancer stem cell development. OBJECTIVE: To review the main progress in the characteristics, related signaling pathways, epithelial- mesenchymal transition, breast cancer metastasis and tumor microenvironment about breast cancer stem cells. METHODS: A computer-based retrieval of PubMed database was performed in order to search relevant articles published from 2001 to 2017, using the keywords of “breast cancer, stem cells, signaling pathway, epithelial- mesenchymal transition, tumor microenvironment”. After removal of repetitive or irrelevant articles, 60 articles were finally reviewed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The tumor stem cell theory explains the root cause of tumor metastasis and recurrence, and provides a new insight into the tumor treatment. With the further study on the molecular pathogenesis, characteristics and related molecular regulation mechanisms of breast cancer stem cells, the role of breast cancer stem cells is explicated in the development and progression of breast cancer, which is of great significance in the tumor treatment targeting breast cancer stem cells.     中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞；骨髓干细胞；造血干细胞；脂肪干细胞；肿瘤干细胞；胚胎干细胞；脐带脐血干细胞；干细胞诱导；干细胞分化；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Anterior cruciate ligament injury and stem cell therapy Zhao Liang, Han Chang-xu, Ren Yi-zhong 2017, 21 (21):  3420-3425.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2017.21.023 Abstract ( 434 )   PDF (959KB) ( 473 )   Save BACKGROUND: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) has been reported to hold a self-recovery potential, which may be related to certain cytokines and biological factors, such as stem cells or progenitor cells. OBJECTIVE: To review the literatures about the relationship between mesenchymal stem cells and ACL injuries, and understand the potential of stem cells or progenitor cells differentiating into ACL, thus providing a basis for the clinical use of mesenchymal stem cells in the treatment of ACL injury. METHODS: A computer-based online research of PubMed databases was performed to collect articles including reviews, clinical trials and basic studies using the English keywords of “ACL regeneration, stem/progenitor cells, mesenchymal stem cells”. Forty-five eligible articles were included finally. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: In recent years, there are a lot of studies addressing the treatment of ACL injuries and muscle/bone regeneration, but the use of stem cells is still far from the clinical requirements. The source of stem cells suitable for the ACL regeneration and their most suitable injection points are under discussion. Although the mesenchymal stem cells have been reported to successfully repair ACL injury in animal models, either trophic factors of stem cells or these cells themselves improving the regeneration remains unclear.     中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞；骨髓干细胞；造血干细胞；脂肪干细胞；肿瘤干细胞；胚胎干细胞；脐带脐血干细胞；干细胞诱导；干细胞分化；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research advances in induced pluripotent stem cells in Alzheimer’s disease Zhu Shi-qi, Li Feng 2017, 21 (21):  3426-3431.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2017.21.024 Abstract ( 445 )   PDF (1029KB) ( 314 )   Save BACKGROUND: Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technique is a newborn technology reprogramming human somatic cells into pluripotent stem cells, which can be used in disease modeling, drug screening and cell therapy. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the feasibility and advances of iPSC application in Alzheimer’s disease, and conclude the insufficient and future of this technology. METHODS: CNKI and PubMed were searched for relevant articles concerning Alzheimer’s disease and iPSCs, and the retrieval results were screened by relativity and repeatability. Finally, 30 articles were included in result analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: This review concludes the superiority of iPSC technology in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases and in vivo harvest of nerve cells. The use of inducible pluripotent stem cells differentiated from patient's own cells is more practicable, but there are still many problems to solve at this stage, such as high-efficient and stable directional differentiation, safety of induced pluripotent stem cells, the most appropriate donor cells, and ethical disputes.     中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞；骨髓干细胞；造血干细胞；脂肪干细胞；肿瘤干细胞；胚胎干细胞；脐带脐血干细胞；干细胞诱导；干细胞分化；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Stem cell transplantation for inflammatory bowel diseases Li Qing-qing, Liu Jian-kun, Pan Xing-hua 2017, 21 (21):  3432-3437.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2017.21.025 Abstract ( 392 )   PDF (1031KB) ( 470 )   Save BACKGROUND: Stem cell transplantation can, in theory, rebuild the immune system and regulate immunologic function. In addition, the transplanted stem cells may differentiate into tissues or cells we want. Therefore, this intervention may restore gastrointestinal inflammatory lesion and exert therapeutic effect on inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). OBJECTIVE: To review the application of different kinds of stem cells in IBD treatment. METHODS: A computer-based search of CNKI, PubMed and FMJS was performed for articles concerning stem cell transplantation and IBD published after January 2002. The key words were “stem cells, inflammatory bowel diseases, Crohn’s diseases, ulcerative colitis, cell therapy” in Chinese and English respectively. At last, 49 articles were included in result analysis.  RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Embryonic stem cells and adult stem cells both have certain therapeutic benefits in IBD. But which kind of stem cell is the safest and most efficacious cannot be confirmed, and at the same time the most effective and the optimal dose and way of transplantation of such cells are still unclear. All in all, there is still a lot of work to do to remove the obstacles.   中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞；骨髓干细胞；造血干细胞；脂肪干细胞；肿瘤干细胞；胚胎干细胞；脐带脐血干细胞；干细胞诱导；干细胞分化；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Latest progress of chimeric antigen receptor modified T cells in the treatment of hematological malignancies Hou Ping, Li Jian-ping 2017, 21 (21):  3438-3444.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2017.21.026 Abstract ( 438 )   PDF (945KB) ( 383 )   Save BACKGROUND: In recent years, the use of chimeric antigen receptor modified T cells (CAR-T cells) has achieved good results in the treatment of hematological malignancies. OBJECTIVE: To summarize the CAR-T technology, and its anti-tumor mechamism, progress in the treatment of hematological malignancies as well as its safety and coping strategies. METHODS: A search of PubMed, CNKI, Wanfang by computer was performed for articles related to CAR-T published from January 2010 to January 2016, using the keywords of “CAR-T” in English and Chinese, respectively. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The main principles that CAR-T cells fight against tumors are as follows: (1) resistance to immune escape through down-regulation of MHC; (2) production of interleukin-6, -10 indirectly influences the growth of tumor cells; and (3) tumor microenvironment changes inhibit tumor growth. The use of CAR-T in the treatment of hematological malignancies has been developed by leaps and bounds in recent years. Current studies concerning B cell lymphoma mainly focus on anti-CD19 CAR-T cells that have certain therapeutic effects on acute myeloid leukemia and acute lymphoblastic leukemia. However, its safety and effectiveness have yet to be studied.     中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞；骨髓干细胞；造血干细胞；脂肪干细胞；肿瘤干细胞；胚胎干细胞；脐带脐血干细胞；干细胞诱导；干细胞分化；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics