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30 June 2016, Volume 20 Issue 27 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Influence of sand therapy in Uyghur medicine on mechanical properties of rabbits’ femur based on three-dimensional finite element modeling Li Yan-na, Julaiti•Maitirouzi, Nijiati•Waili, Huang Shao-jun, Dilina•Mahemuti, Muhetaer•Kelimu, Zhang Rui 2016, 20 (27):  3957-3962.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2016.27.001 Abstract ( 336 )   PDF (1156KB) ( 213 )   Save BACKGROUND: On the basis of modern design method and numerical simulation, studies can explore the action mechanisms of sand therapy in Uyghur medicine. OBJECTIVE: To explore a kind of non-homogeneous and isotropic biological bone finite element modeling method based on CT value, and to study the influence of sand therapy in Uyghur medicine on the mechanical properties of rabbits’ femur. METHODS: Eight adult New Zealand white rabbits were used to establish osteoarthritis models of right posterior femur with papain. These rabbits were divided into sand therapy group and control group. In the sand therapy group, after treatment with sand therapy in Uyghur medicine, rabbit femoral models were scanned with CT. The fault image data were imported into MIMICS software. 3D model of femur was generated. The meshing was done. The material properties were given. Three-point bending in the Ansys was simulated and solved. Simultaneously, the isolated three point bending tests were performed in all rabbit models. The corresponding deflection and the maximum stress values were obtained. Finally, the results obtained from the three-dimensional finite element modeling method were compared with the results obtained from the experiments. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The deflection and the maximum stress obtained by the three-point bending simulation analysis with the three-dimensional finite element model of the rabbits’ femur were well correlated with the data obtained from the experiments. (2) These results indicate that the finite element modeling method is consistent with the structural and material properties of bone, which can be used to analyze the stress and deformation of bones.    中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：肾移植；肝移植；移植；心脏移植；组织移植；皮肤移植；皮瓣移植；血管移植；器官移植；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Different exercise intensities affect bone mineral density in type 2 diabetic rats Jiang Hong 2016, 20 (27):  3963-3969.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2016.27.002 Abstract ( 303 )   PDF (1171KB) ( 191 )   Save BACKGROUND: More than 50% of patients with diabetes are accompanied by osteoporosis. Exercise is the main method to treat diabetes, but whether it has an impact on diabetes osteoporosis is unclear. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the different exercise intensities and changes in bone mineral density in type 2 diabetic rat models. METHODS: Forty rats were randomly divided into model group and low-, medium- and high-intensity exercise groups. All rats received intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin to establish models of type 2 diabetes. Rats in the low-, medium- and high-intensity exercise groups did treadmill training at 10, 20, 30 m/min, 1 hour per day, 6 days as a cycle. They had a rest for 1 day after each cycle, for 8 consecutive cycles. Rats in the model group did not do any exercise. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with the model group, the weight of rats was decreased; blood glucose levels were reduced; osteocalcin and serum calcium levels and biomechanical indexes of femur increased; serum phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase decreased in the low-, medium- and high-intensity exercise groups. Bone mineral density increased in the medium- and high-intensity exercise groups. These findings confirmed that different exercise intensities have a certain influence on bone mineral density and bone metabolism in type 2 diabetic rat models. When using a method of treating movement, proper physical exercise can increase serum osteocalcin content, improve bone metabolism, prevent diabetic osteoporosis, and have a high clinical value. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：肾移植；肝移植；移植；心脏移植；组织移植；皮肤移植；皮瓣移植；血管移植；器官移植；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of bisphosphonates on the expression of Bcl-2, Bax and Caspase-3 in condylar cartilage of osteoporosis rats Zhou Qi, Wei Li, Jiang Li-ting, Li Ning, Gao Yi-ming 2016, 20 (27):  3970-3976.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2016.27.003 Abstract ( 391 )   PDF (4701KB) ( 226 )   Save BACKGROUND: Bisphosphonates are a kind of traditional antiresorptive drugs, which may influence the growth and development of cartilage tissue. In recent years, there are many data describing how bisphosphonates affect joint cartilage of long bone, but their effects on condylar cartilage remain unclear. OBJECTIVE: To clarify the effects of the third-generation bisphosphonate risedonate on the expression of Bcl-2 (anti-apoptotic), Bax (pro-apoptotic) and caspase-3 in the condylar cartilage of osteoporosis rats. METHODS: Thirty female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups. In the sham operation group, ovary was exposed but not resected. The model group received a bilateral ovariectomy to establish the models of osteoporosis, and then received saline solution treatment (2.4 μg/kg) subcutaneously every 3 days, once a day, from 3 days pre-surgery. The treatment group received a bilateral ovariectomy to establish the models of osteoporosis, and then received risedronate treatment (2.4 μg/kg) subcutaneously every 3 days from 3 days pre-surgery. Three months after the operation, the condylar cartilages of all animals were harvested. Apoptosis, the expression of Bcl-2, BAX and Caspase3 were observed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The number of apoptotic cells in rat condylar cartilage and subcondylar region: the sham operation group < the treatment group < the model group (all P < 0.05). (2) Expression of Bcl-2: The trend of the model group was lower than that in the sham operation group, although there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups; Bcl-2 expression in the treatment group was statistically higher compared to the model group (P < 0.05). (3) Expression of Bax and Caspase-3: The expression levels of Bax and Caspase-3 were higher in the model group than in the sham operation group (all P < 0.05), while Bax and Caspase-3 expression was lower in the treatment group than that in the model group (all P < 0.05). The results suggested that bisphophonates can regulate apoptosis in condylar cartilage from osteoporosis rats by changing the expression of Bcl-2, Bax and Caspase-3.   中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：肾移植；肝移植；移植；心脏移植；组织移植；皮肤移植；皮瓣移植；血管移植；器官移植；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Establishment of a rat model of alcohol-induced avascular necrosis of the femoral head Yang Yun, Fan Hai-yan, Huang Jian, Ma Zhong-ping, Zhang Zhi-feng 2016, 20 (27):  3977-3983.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2016.27.004 Abstract ( 330 )   PDF (5352KB) ( 242 )   Save BACKGROUND: The relationship between long-term heavy drinking and alcohol-induced necrosis of the femoral head has long been clear, but the pathogenesis of alcohol-induced necrosis of the femoral head is currently not fully understood. OBJECTIVE: To establish a rat model of alcohol-induced avascular necrosis of femoral head and to study its pathogenesis. METHODS: Eighty Wistar rats were randomly divided into experimental and control groups (40 rats per group). Rats in the experimental group were intragastrically administered strong wine 10 mL/kg, once a day, for 6 consecutive days. Rats in the control group were given physiological saline 10 mL/kg, once a day, for 6 consecutive days. Bilateral femoral heads were randomly collected from six rats every month for histomorphological observation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Osteonecrosis: in the experimental group, at 3 months, trabecular bone became thin, arranged disorderly, and the number of empty lacuna began to increase. At 6 months, typical osteonecrosis appeared, and vacant lacunaes increased significantly. In the control group, trabecular bone was complete and neatly arranged. Osteocytes were visible in bone lacuna, and normal morphology of cells was seen. (2) Injury of blood vessels: in the experimental group, at 3 months, micro-intimal hyperplasia was observed. Elastic fibers of partial vascular endothelium were reduced. Elastic fiber and middle-layer smooth muscle breakage and proliferation were found. At 6 months, above manifestations were more remarkable. In the control group, arteriole film was not thickened, and vessel wall was normal. (3) Formation of microthrombus, in the experimental group, the number of microthrombus was increased at 3 months, and became significant at 6 months. In the control group, the number of microthrombus was not altered. (4) Results indicated that chronic alcohol intake can lead to microvascular endothelial injury in the rat femoral head. Abnormal blood microcirculation was detected in local region, and resulted in avascular necrosis of the femoral head. The degree of necrosis was associated with alcohol intake.     中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：肾移植；肝移植；移植；心脏移植；组织移植；皮肤移植；皮瓣移植；血管移植；器官移植；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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WIF-1 or 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine demethylation suppresses tumor growth in a mouse model of osteosarcoma Duan Fei, Li Shu-zhong, Zhu Wan-ping, Kang Xue-hua, Zhang Heng-jia, Dai Sheng-jie, Tian Yan-peng 2016, 20 (27):  3984-3991.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2016.27.005 Abstract ( 375 )   PDF (5283KB) ( 243 )   Save BACKGROUND: WIF-1 is a tumor suppressor gene. Promoter hypermethylation causes WIF-1 down- regulation in most tumors. DNA methylation inhibitor can lead to gene demethylation and restore its expression. OBJECTIVE: To observe the differences of tumor pathology and, WIF-1 mRNA and protein changes using WIF-1 or 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine demethylation in animal models of osteosarcoma. METHODS: Murine osteosarcoma models were established and divided into three groups. In the control group, no treatment was given. In the 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine group, an appropriate amount of 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine was injected in each mouse daily. In the WIF-1 group, an appropriate amount of Wnt/β-catenin signal transduction pathway inhibitor WIF-1 was injected in each mouse daily. Seven days after medication, the weight of nude mouse was weighed every 7 days. Short tumor diameter (a) and the long diameter (b) were measured. The relative tumor volume was calculated. The relative growth rate of tumor was calculated at 7, 14, 21, 28 and 56 days. Four nude mice from ach group were sacrificed by pulling the neck at 7, 14, 21, 28 and 56 days after medication. Tumor tissues were stripped and the weight of them was weighed. Pathological analysis of the tumor was conducted. The expression of WIF-1 protein and WIF-1 mRNA was detected in osteosarcoma at 56 days after medication in the three groups. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Compared with the medication and control groups, the weight of nude mice was increased at 7, 14, 21, 28 and 56 days in the treatment group. No significant difference was found between the medication and control groups. (2) The tumor size was significantly smaller in the medication group than in the control group. WIF-1 mRNA and WIF-1 protein expression was increased in the medication group compared with the control group to different degrees. (3) Results suggested that WIF-1 gene promoter methylation is one of the mechanisms of the development of osteosarcoma. Use of WIF-1 or 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine demethylation can inhibit tumor growth in animal models of osteosarcoma.     中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：肾移植；肝移植；移植；心脏移植；组织移植；皮肤移植；皮瓣移植；血管移植；器官移植；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Buyang Huanwu Decoction on CXCR4-PI3K autophagy signal transduction pathway and Beclin-1 in a rat model of cerebral hemorrhage Qiu Zhi-fu, Wu Xiao-guang, Zu Bing-xue, Shi Zhao-ping, Miao Hui, Li Meng-meng 2016, 20 (27):  3992-3998.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2016.27.006 Abstract ( 342 )   PDF (1770KB) ( 220 )   Save BACKGROUND: Buyang Huanwu Decoction is commonly used in clinical medicine in treatment of intracerebral hemorrhage. Previous studies have been found that it has excellent neuroprotective effect, can efficiently inhibit the apoptosis of nerve cells. Autophagic activity is closely related to apoptosis of nerve cells. CXCR4-PI3K autophagy signaling pathway has been verified in clinic. However, the effect of Buyang Huanwu Decoction is poorly understood. There is no study on Beclin-1 in the neuroprotective studies of Buyang Huanwu Decoction.  OBJECTIVE: To explore the effects of Buyang Huanwu Decoction on CXCR4-PI3K autophagy signaling pathway and Beclin-1 in rats with cerebral hemorrhage and related mechanisms.  METHODS: According to Rosenberg method, a rat model of cerebral hemorrhage was replicated and intragastrically administered Buyang Huanwu Decoction. Western blot assay was used to measure Beclin-1 protein. Immunohistochemical method was utilized to detect the expression of PI3K, AKT, stromal cell derived factor 1 and CXCR-4 protein. TUNEL assay was applied to identify apoptosis.  RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) After administration, Buyang Huanwu Decoction could reduce the number of neuronal apoptosis in rats with intracerebral hemorrhage, up-regulate the expression of Beclin-1, PI3K, AKT, stromal cell derived factor 1, and CXCR-4 protein, and exert neuroprotective effect. (2) Buyang Huanwu Decoction could activate CXCR4-PI3K autophagy signal transduction pathway, both to stimulate autophagy and to regulate autophagy state, can inhibit apoptosis, and exert cerebral protective effect.     中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：肾移植；肝移植；移植；心脏移植；组织移植；皮肤移植；皮瓣移植；血管移植；器官移植；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of acupuncture and rehabilitation therapy on the expression of growth associated protein-43 and synaptophysin at the injury site of cerebral palsy rats Hou Yu-jin, Kang Hao-peng 2016, 20 (27):  3999-4005.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2016.27.007 Abstract ( 364 )   PDF (4572KB) ( 322 )   Save BACKGROUND: Acupuncture + rehabilitation therapy is the most effective treatment for cerebral palsy. Growth associated protein-43 and synaptophysin were characteristic markers for neurodevelopment and synaptic density, and involved in nerve cell growth, repair, regeneration and synapse remodeling. OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of acupuncture + rehabilitation therapy on the expression of growth associated protein-43 and synaptophysin in cerebral palsy rats and to investigate the mechanism of acupuncture + rehabilitation therapy on cerebral palsy.   METHODS: The 125 rats were randomly divided into five groups: sham group, model group, rehabilitation group, acupuncture group, and acupuncture + rehabilitation group. Rat models of cerebral palsy were established in model group, rehabilitation group, acupuncture group, and acupuncture + rehabilitation group. Rat models in the sham and model groups did not receive treatment. Rat models in the rehabilitation group underwent rehabilitation training. Rat models in the acupuncture group were subjected to acupuncture. Rat models in the acupuncture + rehabilitation group underwent rehabilitation training and acupuncture. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Motor function: The motor function scores were better in the acupuncture + rehabilitation group than in the model, acupuncture, and rehabilitation groups (P < 0.05). (2) Growth associated protein-43 and synaptophysin expression: immunohistochemical staining revealed that compared with the model group, growth associated protein-43 expression at 2-4 weeks and synaptophysin expression at 4 and 5 weeks were higher in the acupuncture and acupuncture + rehabilitation groups (P < 0.05); the increase in above expression was most significant in the acupuncture + rehabilitation group (P < 0.05). (3) Results confirmed that acupuncture combined with rehabilitation promoted growth associated protein-43 and synaptophysin expression in rats with cerebral palsy and exerted neuroprotective effect.     中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：肾移植；肝移植；移植；心脏移植；组织移植；皮肤移植；皮瓣移植；血管移植；器官移植；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of enriched environment on immature neurons in piriform cortex of a rat model of vascular dementia Huang Jun, Wu Fan-fan, He Xu, Li Jian-ping, Yan Xiao-xin, Pan Ai-hua, Li Zhi-yuan 2016, 20 (27):  4006-4012.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2016.27.008 Abstract ( 364 )   PDF (6226KB) ( 235 )   Save BACKGROUND: Researches showed that the enriched environment could improve the cognitive dysfunction of rats with vascular dementia. However, there are few reports regarding its mechanism of action. OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of enriched environment on the cognitive dysfunction of rats with vascular dementia from the behavioral level.  METHODS: Vascular dementia models were made by permanent ligation of bilateral common carotid arteries and were divided into vascular dementia group (n=8) and enriched environment group (n=12). Vascular dementia group was taken care under conventional breeding environment for 30 days, while the enriched environment group was subjected to the enriched environment for 30 days. Morris water maze test was adapted to test the cognitive function of rats between two groups. Immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting were applied to observe the number of DCX+ cells and DCX protein level in both groups. The number of DCX-labeled cells co-expressing NeuN was observed using immunofluorescence technique. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The escape latency in the vascular dementia group was longer than that in the enriched environment group (P < 0.05). The times across the platform was less in the vascular dementia group than that in the enriched environment group (P < 0.05). (2) In comparison with the enriched environment group, the number of DCX-positive cells and its protein level in the piriform cortex were significantly decreased in the vascular dementia group (P < 0.05). (3) The number of DCX/NeuN co-labeled cells in the piriform cortex was significantly less in the vascular dementia group than in the enriched environment group (P < 0.05). (4) These findings suggested that enriched environment could improve the cognitive dysfunction of rats with vascular dementia through promoting the expression and differentiation of the immature neurons.     中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：肾移植；肝移植；移植；心脏移植；组织移植；皮肤移植；皮瓣移植；血管移植；器官移植；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of mild hypothermia on nerve regeneration microenvironment of infarcted area in rat models of cerebral infarction Zheng Rui-juan, Gao Yu-hong 2016, 20 (27):  4013-4019.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2016.27.009 Abstract ( 358 )   PDF (4326KB) ( 175 )   Save BACKGROUND: Numerous studies have demonstrated that mild hypothermia has a better protective effect on neurons after cerebral infarction. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of mild hypothermia on nerve regeneration microenvironment of infarcted area in rat models of cerebral infarction and analyze its possible effects on neural functional recovery after cerebral infarction. METHODS: Twenty out of 65 adult female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly selected as the sham group. The remaining 45 rats were subjected to carotid artery ligation to establish rat models of cerebral infarction. Five rats were rejected because of modeling failure or death, the remaining 40 rats were randomly and evenly divided into cerebral infarction and mild hypothermia groups. The head temperature of rats in the cerebral infarction group was downregulated to (37±1) ℃ using a semiconductor refrigeration instrument. The rats were transferred to the room with the temperature of 25 ℃ after the operation. Brain hypothermia was also induced in rats from the mild hypothermia group. At 13.0-14.0 minutes after establishing rat models of cerebral ischemia, the head on the side of cerebral ischemia was tightly connected with the probe of the semiconductor refrigeration instrument. The refrigerator temperature was adjusted to 6-8 ℃, so as to make the temperature of brain tissue on the lesion side at 32.0-33.0 ℃ for 4 hours. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with the cerebral infarction group, the BBB scores of rats in the mild hypothermia group were distinctly increased, and the volume of infarcted area decreased. At 1 day after modeling, the expression level of growth associated protein 43 mRNA in brain tissue of rats in the mild hypothermia group was close to that in the cerebral infarction group. At 2 weeks after modeling, the expression level of growth associated protein 43 mRNA in brain tissue of rats in the mild hypothermia group was significantly increased compared with that in the cerebral infarction group. These results suggest that mild hypothermia therapy can protect nerve cells against injury caused by cerebral infarction and promote the recovery of neurological function. Its underlying mechanism may be related to the up-regulation of the expression of growth associated protein 43 in ischemic penumbra.     中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：肾移植；肝移植；移植；心脏移植；组织移植；皮肤移植；皮瓣移植；血管移植；器官移植；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Minocycline affects the expression of glial cell derived neurotrophic factor family in a rat model of Parkinson’s disease Xing Hong-xia, Jiang Jian-kai, Qin Li-yuan, Wang Yu-mei 2016, 20 (27):  4020-4028.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2016.27.010 Abstract ( 400 )   PDF (1536KB) ( 255 )   Save BACKGROUND: Researches have found that minocycline plays a neuroprotective effect by inhibiting the microglia cell proliferation and activation and suppressing glial cells to release cytokines and chemokines. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the influence of minocycline on glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor, NTN and gene expression in substantia nigra and corpus striatum in Parkinson’s disease model rats. METHODS: 144 rats were randomly divided into four groups, with 36 rats in each group. In the normal control group, no intervention was given. In the model and experimental groups, 6-hydroxydopamine was injected in the right substantia nigra pars compacta and ventral tegmental area to establish Parkinson’s disease models. In the sham surgery group, vitamin C was injected in the two points. In the experimental group, after model establishment, rats were intragastrically given 4.5 g/L minocycline 45 mg/kg. From then on, additional 22.5 mg/kg minocycline was added every 12 hours. The last group was normal control group. Immediately, 12 hours, 1, 7, 14 and 21 days after model induction, SP immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor and NTN expression in the substantia nigra and corpus striatum. RT-PCR was used to identify glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor and NTN mRNA expression in the substantia nigra and corpus striatum. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Both in the substantia nigra and corpus striatum, the positive cell number and relative gene expression of glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor and NTN were lower in the model group than in the normal control and sham surgery groups (P < 0.05). Glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor- and NTN-positive cell number and relative expression were higher in the experimental group than in the model group (P < 0.05). These findings suggest that minocycline can delay the process of Parkinson’s disease pathogenesis by promoting glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor protein and gene expression.     中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：肾移植；肝移植；移植；心脏移植；组织移植；皮肤移植；皮瓣移植；血管移植；器官移植；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Adenovirus-mediated brain-derived neurotrophic factor and endogenous neural stem cell differentiation in a rat model of cerebral hemorrhage Xie Qiang, Wang Fei, Zhou Guo-ping, Zhang Hui, Ma Jin-xian 2016, 20 (27):  4029-4035.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2016.27.011 Abstract ( 424 )   PDF (1152KB) ( 222 )   Save BACKGROUND: Previous studies showed that neurotrophic factor has a variety of functions, which can effectively maintain the survival of neurons after injury. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of adenovirus-mediated brain-derived neurotrophic factor on the differentiation of endogenous neural stem cells after intracerebral hemorrhage in rats. METHODS: A total of 90 Sprague-Dawley rat models of cerebral hemorrhage were made. At 12 hours after cerebral hemorrhage, 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) was intraperitoneally injected, twice a day, for 10 consecutive days. After model establishment, rats were randomly divided into three groups, 30 rats in each group, and were respectively subjected to brain stereotaxic injection of adenovirus vector, adenovirus-mediated brain-derived neurotrophic factor and physiological saline. At 1 day, 3 days, 1 week, 2 weeks, 3 weeks, and 4 weeks, neurological deficit score was evaluated. Absorbance value of growth associated protein around the area of hematoma after intracerebral hemorrhage was measured. At 4 weeks after injection, double immunostaining was used to detect the expression of BrdU/NeuN and BrdU/glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP).  RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) With the passage of time, nerve function defect score decreased in the three groups. At 1-4 weeks after injection, nerve function deficit scores were lower in the adenovirus-mediated brain-derived neurotrophic factor group than that in the adenovirus vector group and saline group (P < 0.05). (2) With the passage of time, the average absorbance of three groups in the peri-hematoma region first increased and then decreased. The absorbance value was higher in the adenovirus-mediated brain-derived neurotrophic factor group than in the adenovirus vector group and saline group at 3 days-4 weeks (P < 0.05). (3) BrdU/NeuN and BrdU/GFAP rates were significantly higher in the adenovirus-mediated brain-derived neurotrophic factor group than that of adenovirus vector group and saline group (P < 0.05). (4) The results show that the brain-derived neurotrophic factor mediated by adenovirus, and intervention on cerebral hemorrhage in rats can effectively promote the differentiation of endogenous neural stem cells, and promote the recovery of neural function in animal.     中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：肾移植；肝移植；移植；心脏移植；组织移植；皮肤移植；皮瓣移植；血管移植；器官移植；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of acupuncture on neural cell apoptosis of cerebral palsy rats Jie Xiao-su, Hou Yu-jin 2016, 20 (27):  4036-4042.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2016.27.012 Abstract ( 337 )   PDF (1184KB) ( 302 )   Save BACKGROUND: Acupuncture has been shown to impact cerebral blood flow, relieve cerebral edema, improve microcirculation and reduce neural cell apoptosis in animals with cerebral palsy. OBJECTIVE: To further verify the effect of acupuncture on neuronal apoptosis in cerebral palsy rats. METHODS: Forty-five Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into sham group, model group and the acupuncture group, with 15 rats in each group. In the model and acupuncture groups, rat models of cerebral palsy were established by ligating the left common carotid artery. In the sham surgery group, the left common carotid artery was not ligated. Rats in the acupuncture group received acupuncture from 2 days after model induction, once a day, for 20 consecutive days. Rats in the sham surgery and model groups were left intact. At 21 days after surgery, neurological functions, pathomorphological changes and neuronal apoptosis were observed.  RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Motor function score was significantly lower in the model group than in the sham surgery group (P < 0.05). Motor function score was significantly higher in the acupuncture group than in the model group at 21 days (P < 0.05). (2) Hematoxylin-eosin staining: In the model group, cells were scattered. Inflammatory cell infiltration and cystis degeneration were found. The number of nerve cells was reduced. Degeneration, necrosis, gliosis and karyopyknosis were detected. Cavitation was visible in some cells. Cell bodies became small. The structure was not distinct or disappeared. In the sham surgery group, the morphology and structure of nerve cells were normal. In the acupuncture group, the changes in morphology and structure of nerve cells were found between the sham surgery and model groups. (3) The number of apoptotic cells was significantly greater in the model group than in the sham surgery group (P < 0.05). The number of apoptotic nerve cells was significantly higher in the acupuncture group than in the sham surgery group (P < 0.05), but significantly lower than in the model group (P < 0.05). (4) Results confirmed that acupuncture therapy can improve neurological function, reduce nerve cell apoptosis, and play a protective effect on nerve cells of rats with cerebral palsy.     中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：肾移植；肝移植；移植；心脏移植；组织移植；皮肤移植；皮瓣移植；血管移植；器官移植；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Dynamic expression of Lingo-1 in a model of white matter injury Suo Lei, Yang Yin-xiang, Tang Wen-yan, Luan Zuo 2016, 20 (27):  4043-4048.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2016.27.013 Abstract ( 392 )   PDF (1159KB) ( 205 )   Save BACKGROUND: Lingo-1 has been identified as a negative regulator of oligodendrocyte differentiation and myelination, which may be closely related to the white matter damage, but there is no systematic report on the dynamic changes of Lingo-1 after white matter damage.  OBJECTIVE: To explore the dynamic expression of Lingo-1 at different time points after white matter injury in newborn rats. METHODS: Seventy-eight Sprague-Dawley rats aged 3 days old were equally and randomly divided into sham operation group and model group. In the model group, models of white matter injury were established by unilateral ligation of the right common carotid artery combined with hypoxia. In the sham operation group, the right common carotid artery was isolated only, without ligation or hypoxia.  RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: At 7 days after model induction, hematoxylin-eosin staining and immunohistochemical staining for myelin basic protein showed that a selective white matter injury was seen at the injury site of a rat model, suggesting successful model establishment. Fluorescent quantitative PCR and western blot assay results demonstrated that the expression levels of Lingo-1 mRNA and protein were significantly up-regulated at 1 day and reached a peak at 7 days post-surgery. After 7 days, above expression was gradually decreased and the up-regulation of Lingo-1 protein lasted to the 28 days post-surgery compared to the sham operation group. These results show that Lingo-1 protein was closely related to the brain white matter injury.     中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：肾移植；肝移植；移植；心脏移植；组织移植；皮肤移植；皮瓣移植；血管移植；器官移植；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Influence of Sheng-Huang mixture on cardiocyte apoptosis and bax and bcl-2 mRNA expression in a rat model of ischemia-reperfusion injury Chen Long, Tian Huan-na, Gao Yu-feng 2016, 20 (27):  4049-4054.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2016.27.014 Abstract ( 331 )   PDF (3936KB) ( 292 )   Save BACKGROUND: Sheng-Huang mixture including Chinese medicine Shengmai Decoction and total flavonoids of stems and leaves of radix has been shown to resist inflammation, regulate immune function, and protect ischemic myocardial tissues. However, its effect on the apoptosis of cardiac muscle cells after ischemia/reperfusion injury remains unclear. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of Sheng-Huang mixture on cardiocyte apoptosis and bax and bcl-2 mRNA expression in rats with ischemia-reperfusion injury.  METHODS: Thirty-six Sprague-Dawley rats were divided randomly into six groups: low-dose, moderate-dose and high-dose Sheng-Huang mixture, positive control, blank and model groups (n=6). After 7 days of administration, models of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury were established. TUNEL was used to detect myocardial apoptosis. RT-PCR was utilized to measure bax and bcl-2 mRNA expression in the ischemic and reperfusion region.  RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The bcl-2 mRNA expression was significantly higher in the Sheng-Huang mixture group than in the model group (P < 0.05), but bax mRNA expression was significantly lower (P < 0.05). Thus, bcl-2/bax ratio increased. In addition, apoptosis index was more significantly decreased in the Sheng-Huang mixture group (P < 0.05). (2) Results demonstrated that Sheng-Huang mixture can protect rat myocardium against ischemia/reperfusion injury, and effectively increase the bcl-2/bax ratio and inhibit the apoptosis of cardiomyocytes, and the underlying mechanism is mediated by up-regulating bcl-2 mRNA expression and down-regulating bax mRNA expression.     中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：肾移植；肝移植；移植；心脏移植；组织移植；皮肤移植；皮瓣移植；血管移植；器官移植；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects and mechanisms of Periplaneta americana extract sticky sugar amino acid on a rat model of hepatic fibrosis Chen Yi-hui, Ma De-hong, Li Wu, Liu Li-hui, Wang Hong-tu, Zhang Lu, Xu Xue-mei, Ran Hui-fen, Qian Zhong-yi 2016, 20 (27):  4055-4060.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2016.27.015 Abstract ( 426 )   PDF (4173KB) ( 213 )   Save BACKGROUND: Hepatic fibrosis in chronic liver disease can be reversed. Studies have shown that Periplaneta americana extract has anti-fibrosis effect, and has protective effect on the experimental hepatic fibrosis rats. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of Periplaneta americana extract sticky sugar amino acid on hepatic fibrosis, and to primarily explore the mechanism of sticky sugar amino acid against hepatic fibrosis. METHODS: Rat models of immune hepatic fibrosis were induced by pig serum and intragastrically administered 0.5, 0.25, 0.10 g/kg sticky sugar amino acid. Four indexes of hepatic fibrosis were detected by radioimmunoassay. Immunohistochemical staining was used to measure transforming growth factor beta 1, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase protein expression intensity and positive cell rate, to determine the correlation of different concentrations of sticky sugar amino acid, transformation growth factor beta 1 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase.  RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The Periplaneta americana extract sticky sugar amino acid reduced the levels of laminin, type III procollagen, type IV collagen and hyaluronidase (P < 0.01) and reduced the expression of transformation growth factor beta 1 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 in liver tissue (P < 0.01). (2) Sticky sugar amino acid concentration and transformation growth factor beta 1 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 protein expression showed a significant negative correlation (| r | > 0.9). (3) Results confirmed that the Periplaneta americana extract sticky sugar amino acid can change the reversal of hepatic fibrosis. Its mechanism of action is associated with expression of transforming growth factor beta 1 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 inhibited by sticky sugar amino acids.     中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：肾移植；肝移植；移植；心脏移植；组织移植；皮肤移植；皮瓣移植；血管移植；器官移植；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Craniocerebral injury promotes sciatic nerve regeneration He Xin-ze, Wang Wei, Ma Jian-jun, Hu Tie-min, Yu Chang-yu, Gao Yun-feng, Cheng Xing-long, Wang Pei 2016, 20 (27):  4061-4067.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2016.27.016 Abstract ( 357 )   PDF (4685KB) ( 171 )   Save BACKGROUND: Studies have shown that craniocerebral injury can promote the repair of sciatic nerve injury in rats, but its precise mechanism remains unclear. OBJECTIVE: To further explore the action mechanism of craniocerebral injury on the repair of sciatic nerve injury using morphology and histology. METHODS: Sixty specific-pathogen-free healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into two groups. Rats with craniocerebral injury and sciatic nerve injury were considered as the experimental group. Rats with simple sciatic nerve injury were considered as the control group. Classical Feeney method was used in models of craniocerebral injury and SunderlandV sciatic nerve injury. At 8 and 12 weeks after modeling, sciatic nerve index was detected. Masson staining and NF200 immunofluorescence staining were used to observe the nerve regeneration at the anstomotic site. Transmission electron microscope was used to observe the number of regenerative axons. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: At 8 and 12 weeks after modeling, compared with the control group, gait and sciatic nerve index recovered better in the experimental group. In the experimental group, Masson staining showed fewer nerve membrane collagen fibers, and the axon arranged neatly. NF200 immunohistochemistry showed that in the experimental group, the density of regenerated nerves was high, and nerves were regularly distributed. Transmission electron microscopy showed that in the experimental group, regenerative axons were regularly arranged, collagen scar was less, and myelin layer arranged regularly. Results suggested that the craniocerebral injury in rats may promote the repair of peripheral nerve injury by reducing scar collagen in nerve endings.     中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：肾移植；肝移植；移植；心脏移植；组织移植；皮肤移植；皮瓣移植；血管移植；器官移植；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Controlled coronary artery stenosis in conscious myocardial ischemia model Liu Yuan-chun, Song Xiao-wen, Yang Hong 2016, 20 (27):  4068-4074.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2016.27.017 Abstract ( 295 )   PDF (1077KB) ( 228 )   Save BACKGROUND: Anesthesia is a protective measure to animals in animal experiments, but the use of the corresponding anesthetic drugs will have different effects on the experimental results. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the differences of various indexes and the therapeutic effect of myocardial ischemia canine model of coronary stenosis under the condition of consciousness and anesthesia. METHODS: Twenty Beagle canine myocardial ischemia models were equally assigned to five groups, and prepared according to the complete orthogonal Latin square arrangement for the experiment. Intervention procedures included the normal observation (normal control for 10 minutes, observation for 30 minues), conscious model (after normal control, coronary artery stenosis for 10 minutes, and observation for 30 minutes), conscious treatment (after normal control, coronary artery stenosis for 10 minutes, 50 μg/kg nitroglycerin sublingually buccal, and observation for 30 minutes), anesthesia model (animals received anesthesia; after normal control, coronary artery stenosis for 10 minutes, and observation for 30 minutes), anesthesia treatment (animals received anesthesia; after normal control, coronary artery stenosis for 10 minutes, 50 μg/kg nitroglycerin sublingually buccal, and observation for 30 minutes). We recorded canine electrocardiogram, blood pressure, heart rate and body temperature level when animals were conscious after coronary artery stenosis, and mean arterial blood pressure, body temperature, heart rate, electrocardiogram ST segment changes in conscious and anesthetic states in myocardial ischemia dogs, and observed the therapeutic effect of nitroglycerin on conscious and anesthetic states in myocardial ischemia dogs. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The electrocardiogram, blood pressure, heart rate and body temperature were changed after the coronary artery stenosis in conscious dogs, and the ST segment of electrocardiogram was significantly increased. The blood pressure and heart rate were significantly higher than that in the conscious state (P < 0.05), and the ST segment of electrocardiogram in dogs was significantly increased in conscious and anesthetic states. After the treatment of nitroglycerin, the effect was obvious in the myocardial ischemia model in conscious state. The results showed that the model of myocardial ischemia and the clinical fitting degree were higher, which could reduce the effect of anesthesia on the experimental results.     中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：肾移植；肝移植；移植；心脏移植；组织移植；皮肤移植；皮瓣移植；血管移植；器官移植；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of exercise intervention on serum-related factors and immunity in a rat model of insulin resistance Li Qing-he, Wang Jun-min 2016, 20 (27):  4075-4082.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2016.27.018 Abstract ( 368 )   PDF (1342KB) ( 195 )   Save BACKGROUND: Type 2 diabetic patients suffered from different levels of insulin resistance and insulin secretion defects. Retinol binding protein 4 is a fat derived factor found in the blood and is considered to be an important target for the treatment of visceral obesity and insulin resistance. OBJECTIVE: To observe the level of serum inflammatory cytokines and the changes of immune function in insulin resistance model rats after swimming. METHODS: A total of 28 8-week-old Sprague-Dawley male rat models were randomly divided into swimming group and rest group. Rat received intraperitoneal injection with 3 μg/g recombinant serum retinol binding protein 4, twice a day, with an interval of 12 hours, for 6 weeks. At 6 weeks after administration, rats in the swimming group were subjected to swimming without loading for 6 weeks, 60 minutes per day. Serum retinol binding protein 4 levels were measured with enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. Insulin sensitivity (insulin resistance index) was assessed with homeostasis model assessment. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling method was used to mark the apoptotic cells in rat thymus. ELISA was used to detect serum interleukin-6 expression. ABC-ELISA was used to test Level of serum granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor. S-P One Step Method was used to test CD4 and CD8 activities in blood. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Interleukin-6 and granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor were significantly positively associated with insulin resistance index. The increase in insulin resistance index would induce the increase in the levels of serum inflammatory cytokine interleukin 6 and granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor, but exercises could decrease above levels. Thymus index, CD4, and CD4/CD8 were negatively associated with insulin resistance index. These results indicate that exercise intervention effectively improved immunity function of rats with insulin resistance and reduced insulin resistance index.     中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：肾移植；肝移植；移植；心脏移植；组织移植；皮肤移植；皮瓣移植；血管移植；器官移植；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of swimming on high-fat diet-induced obese and obese resistant rats Wang Qing-fu, Gan Chun-long, Yi Xue-jie 2016, 20 (27):  4083-4089.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2016.27.019 Abstract ( 432 )   PDF (1125KB) ( 272 )   Save BACKGROUND: The animal model of high fat diet-induced obesity is the first choice for the study of human obesity. Leptin and its receptor expression play an important role in the high fat diet-induced obesity and obesity resistant, but the exact mechanism and the role of swimming are not clear. OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of 7-week swimming on serum leptin and leptin receptor expression in hypothalamus in rats with high fat diets.  METHODS: A total of 60 Sprague-Dawley rats were fed with high fat diets for 8 weeks. The diet-induced obese and obese resistant rats were selected based on the body weight. 14 obese rats were equally divided into two groups: obese group and obese-exercise group; and 14 obese resistant rats were equally divided into two groups: obese resistant group and obese resistant-exercise group. All the rats were continually given high fat diets. Exercise groups accepted free swimming training for 7 weeks at the same time. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with the obese group, obese-exercise group had obviously decreased in body weight, fat pad weight, fat pad weight/body weight and serum leptin concentration. And obese-exercise group had obviously increased receptor mRNA expression in hypothalamus. There was no significant change in above indexes between the obese resistant group and obese resistant-exercise group. The results showed that swimming exercise can increase energy consumption and improve metabolism, which decreased the concentration of leptin and effectively improved leptin receptor expression in the hypothalamus to ease leptin resistance and improve the body’s metabolism.     中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：肾移植；肝移植；移植；心脏移植；组织移植；皮肤移植；皮瓣移植；血管移植；器官移植；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Long-term aerobic exercise enhances the production of endogenous hydrogen sulfide in the kidney of spontaneously hypertensive rats Wang Bing, Hou Jun, Gu Qi 2016, 20 (27):  4090-4097.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2016.27.020 Abstract ( 402 )   PDF (1269KB) ( 263 )   Save BACKGROUND: It is well known that long-term aerobic exercise alleviates renal dysfunction in spontaneously hypertensive rats. However, the underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of long-term aerobic exercise on endogenous formation of hydrogen sulfide in the kidney of spontaneously hypertensive rats. METHODS: Rat models of long-term aerobic exercise were established and randomly assigned to four groups: Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rat static group, WKY rat exercise group, spontaneously hypertensive rat static group and spontaneously hypertensive rat exercise group. Moderate-intensity exercise on treadmill was given for 12 weeks. At 24 hours after model establishment, weight was weighted. Blood pressure was detected in the caudal artery. Blood and urine were collected for measuring biochemical indicators related to kidney functions. The degree of glomerular sclerosis was observed. Hydrogen sulfide production activity was detected in the kidney. RT-PCR was used to detect mRNA expression levels of hydrogen sulfide production-related enzymes. Simultaneously, oxidative stress of the kidney was observed.  RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Long-term aerobic exercise obviously reduced body mass, systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure, increased glomerular filtration rate and renal blood flow, decreased serum creatinine and urea nitrogen levels, urinary albumin levels, significantly reduced glomerular sclerosis score, increased hydrogen sulfide content in plasma and the rate of hydrogen sulfide formation in renal tissue, up-regulated cystathionine γ-lyase expression, obviously diminished malondialdehyde content in serum and kidney, and remarkably increased the reduced glutathione and oxidized glutathione ratio in spontaneously hypertensive rats. (2) Results indicated that long-term aerobic exercise could increase the generation of endogenous hydrogen sulfide in kidney, lessen oxidative stress in the kidney, and ameliorate renal dysfunction in spontaneously hypertensive rats.     中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：肾移植；肝移植；移植；心脏移植；组织移植；皮肤移植；皮瓣移植；血管移植；器官移植；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Thrombospondin-1 expression in the kidney of a rat model of fibrosis Du Jun-wen, Wu Tao, Zhang Kun, Su Bai-yu, Lu Cai-ping, Wang Wei-chao, Lei Lin, Guo Jing-xia 2016, 20 (27):  4098-4104.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2016.27.021 Abstract ( 384 )   PDF (1181KB) ( 199 )   Save BACKGROUND: Thrombospondin-1 is an important endogenous activator of transforming growth factor beta 1 in this experimental inflammatory kidney disease model. Transforming growth factor beta 1 is considered the major cytokine that causes tissue fibrosis in many different inflammatory disease processes, in particular in renal disease. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the expression of thrombospondin-1 on renal fibrosis in rats. METHODS: Healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into sham surgery group and model group. In the model group, right ureters of rats were ligated to construct models of renal fibrosis. 3 weeks after surgery, blood and urine were obtained weekly. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and Bradford method were used to detect the contents of serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen and urinary protein. After rats were sacrificed, kidneys were fixed. Western blot assay was utilized to identify the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor, transforming growth factor beta 1 and thrombospondin-1 protein. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was applied to detect the changes in pathological structure of the kidney after surgery. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) One week after model induction, urinary protein, serum creatinine and urea nitrogen levels were significantly higher in the model group than in the sham surgery group (P < 0.05). Three weeks later, the difference in each index was significant (P < 0.01), which showed that the injury of the kidney was aggravated. (2) Transforming growth factor beta 1 protein and thrombospondin-1 expression was significantly higher in the model group than in the sham surgery group, but vascular endothelial growth factor protein expression was significantly lower in the model group than in the sham surgery group. (3) Hematoxylin-eosin staining results demonstrated that severe pathological changes of renal tissue in rats were detected after ligation of renal tubule. (4) These results confirmed that thrombospondin-1 expression increased in renal tissue, and its expression was strongly associated with vascular endothelial growth factor protein and transforming growth factor beta 1, which may play an important role in the renal fibrosis.     中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：肾移植；肝移植；移植；心脏移植；组织移植；皮肤移植；皮瓣移植；血管移植；器官移植；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics