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15 April 2012, Volume 16 Issue 16 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Application of tissue-engineered bone with osteoinductive calcium phosphate ceramic scaffold for mandible boxlike bone defect repair Yao Jin-feng1, Li Xiao-yu2, Liang Zhi-gang1, Liang Rui1, Bao Chong-yun3, Chen Zhi-qing3 2012, 16 (16):  2851-2855.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.16.001 Abstract ( 254 )   PDF (486KB) ( 383 )   Save BACKGROUND: Intrinsic osteoinductive biomaterials with no external growth factors or cells to build bone graft in non-bone parts is consider as in vivo bone tissue engineering which has feasible prospects in repair boxlike and segmental bone defect. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the feasibility of using in vivo tissue engineered (TE) bone with osteoinductive calcium phosphate (Ca-P) ceramic to repair boxlike mandibular defect. METHODS: The TE bone graft was constructed in vivo by implanting osteoinductive Ca-P ceramics in the femoral muscles of dog for 8 weeks, at the same period, 2 middle arch teeth in dog mandible from the right and left sides were removed for the formation of no teeth area with 20 mm. After 8 weeks, boxlike bone defect were created in two side of no teeth area and the TE bone graft in the femoral muscles was removed, then was transplanted to repair the defect, while in the opposite side of the mandibular defect was transplanted with the construction not in vivo as control. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Mechanical of in vivo tissue-engineered bone grafts constructed in the femoral muscles was improved than simple Ca-P ceramic. Nuclear absorption intensity in mandibular defect area in was stronger than that in control area. Mandibular defect area had many bone tissues ingrowth. There were significant differences of bone area between mandibular defect area and control area. Therefore, it is feasible to construct a live bone graft of osteoinductive Ca-P ceramics in vivo which have obvious advantages of the mechanical and significant biological repair effect to repair a mandibular bone defect as compared with simple calcium phosphate ceramic substitute materials. Related Articles | Metrics

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Bone regeneration induced by allogeneic acellular dermal matrix during immediate implantation Ge Fei, Ji Xiao-wei, Xu Guo-qiang 2012, 16 (16):  2856-2860.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.16.002 Abstract ( 297 )   PDF (393KB) ( 454 )   Save BACKGROUND: Acellular dermal matrix can be used as a type of soft tissue scaffold for the proliferation of fibroblasts and epithelial cells, and finally the matrix will become part of the host tissue. OBJECTIVE: To observe the bone regeneration induced by allogeneic acellular dermal matrix during immediate implantation.  METHODS: Fifteen patients received immediate implantation were included in this study. Allogeneic acellular dermal matrix was used for bone regeneration. Clinical measurements describing the thickness of the buccal bone walls were recorded during implantation, after 6 months of operation and after 12 months of operation. Moreover, healing of the soft tissues around the implants was observed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: All patients received final restoration without infection or complications at 6 months after operation. The acellular dermal matrix effectively closed the immediate implant wound and was gradually incorporated with the soft tissues around the implants. The thicknesses and bone masses of the buccal bone wall at 6 and 12 months were obviously increased compared with those during operation (P < 0.05), while those at 6 months and at 12 months were not different (P > 0.05). It is indicated that allogeneic acellular dermal matrix used as barrier membrane can efficiently induce the bone regeneration, reduce the difficult of closing wound in immediate implantation and achieve a good short-time effect. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of titanium surface micromorphology on osteoblasts growth and beta1 integrin expression Xiao Zhen1, Li Jia-yi1, Meng Xiang-cai2, Wang Jing2, Li De-chao1 2012, 16 (16):  2861-2864.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.16.003 Abstract ( 266 )   PDF (424KB) ( 371 )   Save BACKGROUND: Currently, micro-arc oxidation and gradually heat treatment are two common surface modification methods of chemical composition for titanium implant surfaces. OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of titanium surface micromorphology on growth of osteoblasts. METHODS: Primary cultured mouse osteoblasts were co-cultured with titanium plates with different surface treatments: titanium group, micro-arc oxidation group, alkali heat treatment group and micro-arc oxidation/alkali heat treatment group. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The cells attached to the surfaces in the micro-arc oxidation/alkali heat treatment group were flat polygons and had better stretch. Expression of β1 integrin in osteoblasts micro-arc oxidation/alkali heat treatment group was stronger than those of the other groups (P < 0.05). The micro-arc oxidation combined with alkali heat treatment is more advantageous for the osteoblasts adhesion and expression of β1 integrin. Related Articles | Metrics

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Preparation and characterization of an integrative poly (hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyoctanoate) osteochondral tissue-engineering scaffold Guo Xiao-fei1, Zhang Yong-hong2, Du Mei-li1, Lü Li-hua1, Chen Xue-ying3, Zhao Liang-qi1 2012, 16 (16):  2865-2868.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.16.004 Abstract ( 312 )   PDF (408KB) ( 539 )   Save BACKGROUND: Single-layer scaffold, however, is difficult to meet the requirements of articular cartilage injury and repair. The integrative scaffold makes up partial defects of a single-layer scaffold. OBJECTIVE: To prepare an integrative scaffold made of poly (hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyoctanoate)-hydroxyapatite to repair articular cartilage and subchondral bone defects. METHODS: The scaffold was prepared by solvent casting/particle leaching method, and its aperture, porosity, mechanical strength and cell adhesion growth were tested. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The optimal ratio of porogenic agent to scaffold material was 4.5/1 for the cartilage layer, 2.5/1 for the middle layer, and 3.5/1 for the bone layer. The porosity and pore size of the scaffold were 75% and 150-450 μm in the bone layer, 84% and 150-250 μm in the cartilage layer, 60% and ≤60 μm in the middle layer, respectively. The layers linked to be a whole one closely. The mechanical strength was 4.3, 6.43, and 2.93 MPa from the bone layer to the cartilage layer. The scaffold displayed good affinity to the cells. The technique of integrative scaffold made of poly (hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyoctanoate)-hydroxyapatite w as developed. The scaffold may be a competent candidate in application in articular cartilage damage repair. Related Articles | Metrics

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Preparation and application of paclitaxel nanoparticles Yang Jing, Bao Bin, Chen Yong-xia, Yang Zi-ying, Sun Hong-fan, Song Cun-xian 2012, 16 (16):  2869-2874.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.16.005 Abstract ( 402 )   PDF (575KB) ( 544 )   Save BACKGROUND: Paclitaxel is easy to cause allergic reactions in clinic; therefore, the development of a new paclitaxel formulation appears to be very meaningful. OBJECTIVE: To prepare paclitaxel nanoparticles and to observe their therapeutic efficacy on mouse models of breast cancer. METHODS: A biodegradable poly-caprolactone was used as drug delivery material. Paclitaxel nanoparticles were prepared by solvent displacing method. The paclitaxel nanoparticles were characterized for size, drug loading capacity, and in vitro release. Trial mice were randomly divided into negative control group, paclitaxel positive control group, low-dose paclitaxel nanoparticles group, mid-dose paclitaxel nanoparticles group, and high-dose paclitaxel nanoparticles group. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The average size of paclitaxel nanoparticles was around 153.54 nm. The encapsulation efficiency of paclitaxel nanoparticles was 87.25%. Loading amount of paclitaxel in the paclitaxel nanoparticles was 19.06%.     In vitro, nanoparticles maintained sustained release of paclitaxel for over 30 days. After 2 weeks of treatment, the inhibition of tumor growth ratio was more obvious in the mid-dose and high-dose paclitaxel nanoparticles groups than in the paclitaxel positive control group (P < 0.01). These findings indicate that the inhibition of tumor growth ratio of paclitaxel nanoparticles (mid-dose and high-dose groups) is better than that of paclitaxel. Related Articles | Metrics

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Gold nanochain and anti-epidermal growth factor receptor/Au near-infrared hyperthermia can start apoptosis pathway Cong Lin-hai, Peng Shu-kun, He Xiao-guang, Yang Yi-bing 2012, 16 (16):  2875-2878.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.16.006 Abstract ( 322 )   PDF (508KB) ( 395 )   Save BACKGROUND: Gold nanoparticles have a killing effect on tumor cells under the near-infrared laser irradiation. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the killing effect of gold nanochain and anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)/Au conjugates in near-infrared hyperthermia on human laryngeal cancer Hep-2 cells and to explore relevant apoptosis pathway. METHODS: Human laryngeal squamous carcinoma Hep-2 cells were extracted and intervened in gold nanochain or anti-EGFR/Au solution. Then, the Hep-2 cells were exposed to the near-infrared laser irradiation of 8 W/cm2 (808 nm) for       6 minutes. The cells cultured alone in 1640 culture medium or only exposed to near-infrared laser were as controls. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Under transmission electron microscope, the Hep-2 cells cultured in the gold nanochain solution after hyperthermia were significantly damaged, and the cells in the anti-EGFR/Au solution after hyperthermia were damaged worst. The Western blot detection exhibited that the expressions of heat-shock protein 70 and pro-apoptotic protein Bax were significantly increased, while the expression of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 was obviously decreased exposed to gold nanochain and anti-EGFR/Au near-infrared hyperthermia. These suggest that gold nanochain and anti-EGFR/Au near-infrared hyperthermia can kill human laryngeal cancer Hep-2 cells via apo-ptosis pathway activation. Related Articles | Metrics

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Biocompatibilities of nano-hydroxyapatite/carboxymethyl chitosan-sodium alginate compound bone cements and bone marrow stromal cells  Xiao Hai-jun, Xue Feng, He Zhi-min, Jin Fen-qin, Shen Yu-chun 2012, 16 (16):  2879-2883.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.16.007 Abstract ( 388 )   PDF (449KB) ( 512 )   Save BACKGROUND: Nano-hydroxyapatite/carboxymethyl chitosan-sodium alginate (nano-HA/CMCS-SAL) composite powders were synthesized using the co-precipitation method in preliminary study. Biodegradable bone cements characterized as the appropriate mechanical properties and good adhesion strengths were prepared using the powders mixed with solution of citric acid derivatives. OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of nano-HA/CMCS-SAL compound bone cements on the attachment and proliferation of rabbit bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) in vitro and to explore their biocompatibilities. METHODS: Nano-HA/CMCS-SAL powders as solid phase of bone cements were prepared by the co-precipitation method. Bone cements were prepared using the liquid phase of citric acid derivatives solution. Rabbit BMSCs were seeded on the materials following passage and amplification for further culture in vitro. Cells cultured in the plates without materials were taken as controls. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Rabbit BMSCs grew well, and were spindle-shaped and fibroblast-like at 2 days of culture     in vitro. The mean number of cells in the experimental group was obviously higher than that in the control group (P < 0.01). Scanning electron microscopy observation: the bone cements had a good porous structure, and Rabbit BMSCs were attached to the material surfaces with cytoplasmic extensions and lamellipodia. The cells kept on a continued proliferation in both groups, and the proliferation of cells in the experimental group was obviously increased compared with the control group at 2, 4, 6 and 8 days of culture (P < 0.01). It is indicated that the nano-HA/CMCS-SAL compound bone cements have a good biocompatibility. Related Articles | Metrics

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Target inhibitory effect of magnetic carbon nanotubes loaded with 5-fluorouracil on lymph node metastasis of colon cancer  Jin Yan-zhao, Tan Min 2012, 16 (16):  2884-2888.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.16.008 Abstract ( 347 )   PDF (509KB) ( 350 )   Save BACKGROUND: Carbon nanotubes are prepared by magnetic targeting drug carrier in the magnetic field to better drug delivery to target organs or tissues in vivo. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the inhibitory effect of the magnetic carbon nanotubes as a new chemotherapy carrier on lymph node metastasis of colon cancer. METHODS: The inhibitory effects of different concentrations of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), magnetic multi-walled carbon nanotubes-5-fluorouracil (mMWNTs-5-FU) and magnetic multi-walled carbon nanotubes (mMWNTs) (0.000 3, 0.003, 0.03, 0.3,   3 g/L 5-FU) on the growth of SW480 cells in vitro were measured by 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. 5-FU, mMWNTs-5-FU and mMWNTs were injected into subcutaneous footpad of Sprague-Dawley rats and lymph node metastasis of colon cancer nude mice. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Treatment of the cancer cells with various concentrations (0.000 3, 0.003, 0.03, 0.3, 3 g/L 5-FU) of mMWNTs-5-FU caused a dose-dependent decrease in cell viability relative to the control culture, with the same 5-FU levels. The in vitro inhibition of SW480 cells had no significant difference, showing the main ingredient of mMWNTs-5-FU is 5-FU. High pressure liquid chromatography detection in vivo showed that mMWNTs-5-FU could effectively gather in the lymph nodes and prolong release. Lymph concentration was better than 5-FU (P < 0.05), and adverse reactions were less, visually easy to identify, cell-penetrating good; terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling method detected clear apoptosis of lymph node metastasis cells after the mMWNTs-5-FU chemotherapy. This shows colon cancer lymph node metastasis is significantly inhibited by mMWNTs-5-FU chemotherapy. Related Articles | Metrics

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Biocompatibility of new nano-structured biomimetic bone matrix co-cultured with goat adipose derived stromal cells   Guo Hong-gang1, Liu Jing2, Li Feng-tan1, Yang Shao-guang3, Chen Zhi4, Yao Fang-lian5, Dai Feng-ying6, Liu Wen-guang6 2012, 16 (16):  2889-2892.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.16.009 Abstract ( 268 )   PDF (345KB) ( 406 )   Save BACKGROUND: Development of a bone tissue scaffold using biomimetic strategy has become the key link in development of biological substitutes currently. Imitation of natural bone composition and structure is important in development of bone matrix using biomimetic strategy. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the biocompatibility of nano-scaled β-tricalcium phosphate/chitosan/polycaprolactone (nβ-TCP-CS-PCL) and to evaluate its biological safety. METHODS: Nanostructured bionic bone matrix was developed based on three-dimensional image reconstruction. Goat adipose derived stromal cells were isolated and co-cultured for osteogenic induction. The experimental group: nβ-TCP-CS-PCL+gel+ recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2+adipose derived stromal cells. The control group: gel+recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2+adipose derived stromal cells. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Cells grew well with abundant extracellular matrix in the experimental group. The cell proliferation activity, alkaline phosphatase level and osteocalcin level were increased in the experimental group compared with the control group (P < 0.05). New bone was gradually mature and there was no inflammatory response in the experimental group. The nβ-TCP-CS-PCL can be used as an ideal scaffold of bone tissue engineering for its good biocompatibility. Related Articles | Metrics

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Comparative study of the release of growth factors from platelet-rich plasma gel with different combinations of anticoagulants and activators   Luo Tao1, 2, Li Fang1, Zhang Ning1, 3 2012, 16 (16):  2893-2897.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.16.010 Abstract ( 270 )   PDF (307KB) ( 555 )   Save BACKGROUND: The biological effects of platelet-rich plasma gel are affected by many factors, such as the preparation method of platelet-rich plasma, blood platelet integrity, the choice of anticoagulants and activators and so on. OBJECTIVE: To compare the effects on the release of growth factors from platelet-rich plasma gel with different combinations of anticoagulants and activators.  METHODS: The whole blood was extracted from New Zealand rabbits to prepare the platelet-rich plasma. The platelet-rich plasma was activated with bovine thrombin and type I collagen in different groups. There were five groups in this experiment: ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA)-thrombin group, EDTA-typeⅠcollagen group, heparin-thrombin group, heparin-typeⅠ collagen group, as well as a blank control group (the whole blood). The platelets were counted before and after centrifugation; Transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) and platelet-derived growth factor AB (PDGF-AB) were measured in the platelet-rich plasma gel of all the five groups using the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay at 2 hours, 1, 3, 5 days after the platelet-rich plasma was activated, and release modes of these two growth factors were compared at the same time.  RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The cumulative release of TGF-β1 and PDGF-AB was maximal in the EDTA-type Ⅰ collagen group, and significant differences were noted between the EDTA-type Ⅰ collagen group and the other groups (P < 0.05). The use of type I collagen as an activator resulted in sustained release of TGF-β1 and PDGF-AB, and the release of TGF-β1 was in a time-dependent manner (r=0.873); while the aliquots of platelet-rich plasma clotted with thrombin had an immediate release of TGF-β1 and PDGF-AB (P > 0.05). The concentration and methods of the release of growth factors in the EDTA-type Ⅰ collagen group is more conducive to the seed cells of tissue engineering nucleus pulposus differentiated into nucleus pulposus-like cells.   Related Articles | Metrics

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Drug content and entrapment efficiency of elemene microemulsion detected by ultra-fast liquid chromatography and liquid surface method Liu Xing-yan1, Liu Hong1, Zhou Guang-lin2, Zhan Xiao-ri2, Liu Jun2, Zeng Zhao-wu1, Ding Yuan-lin1 2012, 16 (16):  2898-2900.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.16.011 Abstract ( 292 )   PDF (266KB) ( 289 )   Save BACKGROUND: Ultra-fast liquid chromatography is fast and accurate to detect content of elemene microemulsion. OBJECTIVE: To detect the drug content and entrapment efficiency of elemene microemulsion using ultra-fast liquid chromatography and liquid surface method. METHODS: The drug content of elemene microemulsion was determined by ultra-fast liquid chromatography. As elemene was insoluble in water and floated on water, liquid surface method was designed to detect the encapsulation efficiency of elemene emulsion. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: It was better for β-elemene to separate from accessories under the chromatographic conditions, and β-elemene at a dose of 3.94-27.58 mg/L had a good linear relationship. The elemene microemulsion was characterized as (8.273 ± 0.018) g/L in content of β-elemene, and (99.81±0.24)% in average entrapment efficiency. The present study demonstrates that ultra-fast liquid chromatography and liquid surface method are simple, fast and accurate for determining the drug content and entrapment efficiency of elemene microemulsion. The elemene microemulsion has high entrapment efficiency. Related Articles | Metrics

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Modulation effects of low-concentration N-trimethyl chitosan chloride on the permeability of etoposide across different intestinal membranes   Yu Jin-ling1, Zhang Tie-cheng2 2012, 16 (16):  2901-2904.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.16.012 Abstract ( 343 )   PDF (332KB) ( 398 )   Save BACKGROUND: N-trimethyl chitosan as a transdermal enhancer can affect the permeability of oral drugs through the intestinal mucosa. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the modulation effects of N-trimethyl chitosan chloride on the permeability of etoposide across different intestinal membranes. METHODS: The permeability of etoposide via rat intestinal membranes was evaluated by an in vitro diffusion chamber system after the membranes were isolated from the intestine in rats with or without the co-administration of 10% N-trimethyl chitosan chloride. The concentration of etoposide in the receptor was determined by the high performance liquid chromatography. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: With co-administration of N-trimethyl chitosan chloride at a low concentration, the absorptive directed transport of etoposide was significantly increased while its secretory directed transport was decreased. It might be possible to improve the absorption of P-glycoprotein mediated drugs by co-administration of N-trimethyl chitosan chloride at a low concentration, therefore to improve the oral bioavailability of these drugs. Related Articles | Metrics

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Construction of a weaving tubular scaffold and its drug loading property Zhang Wan-ling1, 2, Chen Nan-liang1, 2, Zhao Jiong-xin3, Zhang Xiu-fang1, Wang Da-xin4 2012, 16 (16):  2905-2908.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.16.013 Abstract ( 298 )   PDF (245KB) ( 358 )   Save BACKGROUND: Tubular scaffolds constructed using metal materials and general polymer materials have poor biocompatibility and drug loading property. Tubular scaffolds constructed using biodegradable polymer materials have good biocompatibility; besides, their double layer structure is good for the improvement of the radial support and drug loading property. OBJECTIVE: To expound a construction method of a weaving double-layer composite tubular scaffold using biodegradable polymer materials as well as to explore the effects of the manufacturing materials and weaving structure on the drug loading property of the tubular scaffold. METHODS: The lining tubular scaffold was weaved using poly (p-dioxanone), while the outer tubular scaffold was weaved using poly (glycolide-co-lactide). The change in quality of the tubular scaffold from before to after drug loading was detected using paclitaxel and azithromycin. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The drug loading rate of the single-storey tubular scaffold weaved using poly (glycolide-co- lactide) was higher than that of the single-storey tubular scaffold weaved using poly (p-dioxanone). The drug loading rate of the two-storey composite tubular scaffold weaved using poly (glycolide-co-lactide) and poly (p-dioxanone) was superior to that of the single-storey tubular scaffold. Related Articles | Metrics

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Preparation and in vitro release of polylactic acid nanoparticles loaded with isoniazid and rifampicin  Ding Xiao-li1, Wang Zi-li1, Ge Zhao-hui1, Wang Wen-ping2, Ma Xiao-ming1, Niu Ning-kui1, Li Ping1, Yang Xiao-ying3 2012, 16 (16):  2909-2912.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.16.014 Abstract ( 330 )   PDF (278KB) ( 462 )   Save BACKGROUND: Micro-carrier drugs receive much concern based on their targeting, controlled-release, stability and good safety. OBJECTIVE: To study release characteristics of polylactic acid nanoparticles loaded with isoniazid and rifampicin (INH-RFP-PLA-NPs) in vitro. METHODS: INH-RFP-PLA-NPs were prepared with pusing modified spontaneous emulsification solvent diffusion method. The submicron particle size analyzer was used to detect the nanoparticle size and its distribution of INH-RFP-PLA-NPs. Observation of the morphology of INH-RFP-PLA-NPs was performed with transmission electron microscope. High performance liquid chromatography was used to detect drug loading and encapsulation efficiency. Phosphate buffer solution was used as a release medium to study the in vitro release characteristics of INH-RFP-PLA-NPs. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The INH-RFP-PLA-NPs were smooth and uniform without obvious adhesion. The submicron particle size analyzer showed the mean diameter was 80.4 nm. The drug loading and entrapment efficiency of isoniazid were (15.95±1.34)% and (5.01±0.17)% resectively, and those of rifampicin were (4.66±0.97)% and (4.05±0.18)% respectively. Release in vitro of INH-RFP-PLA-NPs was stable. Release rate of isoniazid was 15.22% in burst release phrase, and rose to 95.6% after 3 days; release rate of rifampicin was 9.26% and rose to 90.3% after 3 days. INH-RFP-PLA-NPs prepared by modified spontaneous binary solvent diffusion method have small and uniform mean diameter. Release in vitro of INH-RFP-PLA-NPs is stable without obvious burst release. Related Articles | Metrics

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Preparation and characterization of a new-type thermal-sensitive polylactic acid microsphere Peng Kun1,2, Wang Yuan-liang1, Gan Xiao-ling2, Wang Yi-zhen2, Ruan Chang-shun1, Zhang Jing-wen2, Wang Shu2, 2012, 16 (16):  2913-2916.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.16.015 Abstract ( 279 )   PDF (323KB) ( 369 )   Save BACKGROUND: At present, the research of controlled drug release has been focused on intelligent microspheres based on polylactic acid. OBJECTIVE: To prepare a temperature-controllable and biodegradable microsphere carrier. METHODS: First, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate was used as evocating agent for ring-opening polymerization of lactide, and stannous octoate used as catalyst. Through regulating the proportion of lactide and ethyl methacrylate, a double-bound polylactic acid ethyl methacrylate (PDLLA-EMA) of different molecular masses was obtained. After that, methylbenzene was used as solvent, and the copolymerizations of PDLLA-EMA with double bound and poly N-isopropylacrylamide (PNIPAm) were initiated by free radical reaction with a solution synthesis method, and then the biodegradable and temperature-sensitive     PNIPA-g-PDLLA-EMA was prepared successfully. At last, the thermal-sensitive polylactic acid microspheres were prepared by a double emulsion method. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The thermal sensitive temperature of PNIPA-g-PDLLA-EMA prepared was in a range of   35-42 ℃. The range of microsphere particle size was (13.70±0.70) to (28.90±0.50) μm, and the change rate of particle size was (138.7±4.20)% to (170.0±10.00)%. Compared with other same type materials, this kind of microsphere has potentialities in biomedicine. Related Articles | Metrics

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Preparation of chitosan-gelatin microspheres by spray drying technique   Cai Jia-yu, Meng Yong-chun, Sun Shu-mao, Nan Kai-hui 2012, 16 (16):  2917-2921.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.16.016 Abstract ( 424 )   PDF (410KB) ( 554 )   Save BACKGROUND: The bioavailability of ordinary eye drops is generally low due to short pre-corneal residence time related to tear turnover and nasolachrymal absorption. OBJECTIVE: To prepare controlled release microspheres of chitosan-gelatin containing levofloxacin for ophthalmic delivery, and to investigate their physiochemical properties and release profiles in vitro. METHODS: Chitosan-gelatin microspheres containing levofloxacin were prepared by spray drying method. The surface morphology, particle size distribution and zeta potential, drug-loading rate and encapsulation efficiency, and drug release profiles in vitro of the microspheres were detected by scanning electron microscopy, laser particle size analyzer, high performance liquid chromatography and dynamic dialysis respectively. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The results showed that the prepared microspheres had a regular shape and narrow particle size distribution with the average particle size of (126 7.4±115.3) nm, the drug loading rate of (18.31±0.22)% and the encapsulation efficiency of (91.53±1.12)%. The release profile in vitro was in line with the first order equation of [Ln (1-Q)=  -0.699 1t-0.086 4, r2=0.945 1]. Chitosan-gelatin microspheres containing levofloxacin were successfully prepared by spray drying method with acceptable particle size distribution, suitable release period, and high drug stability. Related Articles | Metrics

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Cellular compatibility of biodegradable AZ31B magnesium alloys with fluoride treatment Jiang Hai-ying1, Yan Zheng-bin1,2, Zhang Zhao3, Ai Hong-jun4 2012, 16 (16):  2922-2926.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.16.017 Abstract ( 327 )   PDF (404KB) ( 433 )   Save BACKGROUND: As a new type of biodegradable implant material, magnesium and its alloys have attracted much attention owing to their excellent biocompatibility and comprehensive mechanical properties. However, the clinical application of magnesium and its alloys is affected for their inferior corrosion. It is not confirmed whether AZ31B magnesium alloys with fluoride treatment can exhibit good biocompatibility. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the cellular compatibility of magnesium alloy materials with different surface fluoride treatments. METHODS: The induced human bone marrow mesenchymal cells were taken as the testing cells. The leaching liquor of the magnesium alloy materials with no fluoride treatments and fluoride treatments in different time was extracted for cellular compatibility experiment in vitro. The biocompatibility of AZ31B magnesium alloy materials with different fluoride treatments was evaluated. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: This experiment showed that compared with the AZ31B magnesium alloys without fluorine treatments, the cell survival rate of the AZ31B magnesium alloys with fluorine treatments was significantly increased; the toxicity of cells was in grade 1 and there was almost no toxicity to cell growth. These findings suggest that the biocompatibility of AZ31B magnesium alloys with fluoride treatments was superior to that of AZ31B magnesium alloys without fluorine treatments. Related Articles | Metrics

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Synthesis and detection of magnetic poly lactic acid-glycolic acid copolymer-bone morphogenetic protein 2 microspheres applied in tissue engineered bone   Tian Zhi-chao1, Yang Yang2, Xiao Jun1, Qiu Jin-jun3, Zhu Yuan-li4, Li Liang-yu1 2012, 16 (16):  2927-2930.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.16.018 Abstract ( 254 )   PDF (498KB) ( 337 )   Save BACKGROUND: Poor porosity and the lack of the ability to provide bioactive factors for seed cells in an appropriate way of tissue-engineered bone scaffolds may lead to weak adhesion and induction of the scaffolds to cells, and low osteogenic efficiency. OBJECTIVE: To synthesis a new kind of magnetic poly lactic acid-glycolic acid copolymer-bone morphogenetic protein 2 (PLGA-BMP2) microspheres that can be used in tissue engineered bone scaffolds and detect their various performance. METHODS: The PLGA-BMP2 microspheres were prepared with double emulsion method. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The scanning electron microscopy images showed that the microspheres were positive round with the particle size of 10-100 µm. The laser scanning confocal microscope images showed that human BMP2 evenly distributed on the microspheres. The microspheres had superparamagnetism detected by vibrating sample magnetometer. The microspheres had the sustained-release effect and their drug loading was (1.00±0.18) μg/g. The drug loading was (0.98±0.20) μg/g after the microspheres were treated with 45 ℃. The magnetic PLGA-BMP2 microspheres have a range of good features and lay a foundation for development of newly magnetic tissue engineered bone. Related Articles | Metrics

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Biocompatibility of nano-hydroxyapatite/polyamide 66 materials composite with human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells after osteogenic induction Chen Gang1, Liao Qian-de2, Hu You-wei1, Tan Yi-yun1, Zhong Da2 2012, 16 (16):  2931-2934.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.16.019 Abstract ( 422 )   PDF (351KB) ( 304 )   Save BACKGROUND: Nano-hydroxyapatite/polyamide (nHA/PA) 66 materials are beneficial to osteoblast regeneration and new bone formation. Their bending strength and compressive strength are close to mechanical properties of normal bone tissues to meet the needs of hard tissue repair in animal experiment. OBJECTIVE: To explore the biocompatibility of nHA/PA66 materials composite with human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs) after osteogenic induction. METHODS: The hUCMSCs were isolated, cultured and osteoblastic-induced in vitro. The third-generation hUCMSCs were seeded on the nHA/PA66 materials. The growth and proliferation of hUCMSCs and cytotoxicity materials were observed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The osteoblastic-induced hUCMSCs grew well on the composite scaffolds, and proliferative activity of the cells did not change. The levels of alkaline phosphatase were gradually increased as the time of culture went on in the first 14 days of osteogenic induction. 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay results showed that the cells were atoxic. Scanning electron microscopic observation: the cells showed the attached growth on the surfaces of nHA/PA66 scaffolds at 1 day; the cells grew well on the surface of nHA/PA66 scaffold and extended into the interspace of the scaffolds at 7 days. The nHA/PA66 materials can be used as cell carrier for hUCMSCs. They can satisfy the demand of bone tissue engineering due to their good biocompatibility.   Related Articles | Metrics

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Comparison of biomechanics property and exotherm between polymethylmethacrylate bone cement and Cortoss bone cement   Qian Ming, Pan Jun, Meng Bin, Zhang Wen, Zhu Fa-hao, Cao Cheng, Luo Zong-ping, Yang Hui-lin 2012, 16 (16):  2935-2938.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.16.020 Abstract ( 375 )   PDF (413KB) ( 1061 )   Save BACKGROUND: Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) is a kind of bone cement commonly used for percutaneous kyphoplasty (PKP). However, it has inherent drawbacks, including a high curing exotherm and the incorporation of toxic components in their formulations. Now, there are some new biological bone cements, for example, Cortoss. OBJECTIVE: To compare the in vitro biomechanical properties of PMMA bone cement and Cortoss bone cement. METHODS: Both PMMA bone cement and Cortoss bone cement were used to make the anti-compression and anti-bending models according to ISO 5833:2002. Then, the compressive load strength and bending load strength were tested using mechanical testing machine. During the modeling process, the polymerization temperature was tested in their formulations. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The peak exotherm and bending modulus of Cortoss were significantly lower than those of PMMA, and the compressive strength was stronger than that of PMMA (P < 0.05). However, there was no significant difference in bending strength (P < 0.05 ). The biomechanical strength of Cortoss bone cement was better than that of PMMA bone cement. Due to its lower exotherm, Cortoss bone cement was safer during the operation. Related Articles | Metrics

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Inhibitory effect of exogenous bis-(3'-5')-cyclic dimeric guanosine monophosphate on the biofilm formation of Streptococcus mutans Yan Wen-juan 2012, 16 (16):  2939-2942.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.16.021 Abstract ( 396 )   PDF (488KB) ( 457 )   Save BACKGROUND: Studies have found that the exogenous bis-(3'-5')-cyclic dimeric guanosine monophosphate (c-di-GMP) can inhibit biofilm formation of staphylococcus aureus in a dose-dependent manner. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of c-di-GMP on biofilm formation of Streptococcus mutans. METHODS: Different concentrations of exogenous c-di-GMP (0, 2, 20, 200, 400 µmol/L) were acted on Streptococcus mutans biofilms for 48 hours. Absorbance value was measured by using microplate reader. Changes of biofilms formation were observed. Similar volumes of normal saline were added as negative control. At the meantime, Streptococcus mutans biofilms formed in vitro on fresh enamel discs of extraction tooth were also acted on with the concentration of 200 μmol/L c-di-GMP and normal saline for   48 hours respectively and observed under scanning electron microscope. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The biofilm formation of the Streptococcus mutans was significantly inhibited in the presence of c-di-GMP as compared with the negative control group. When the concentration of c-di-GMP was 200 μmol/L, the biofilm formation ability of the Streptococcus mutans decreased by 65% and when the concentration was 400 μmol/L, the biofilm formation ability was almost inhibited (P < 0.05). Results of scanning electron microscope showed that Streptococcus mutans were not regularly and the extra cellular polysaccharide was reduced with the pulsing of c-di-GMP. It is showed that c-di-GMP can inhibit the biofilm formation ability of Streptococcus mutans. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of four species of metal alloys on the expression of Bcl-2 and Bax in human gingival fibroblast cells Liu Ting, Huang Ke-qiang, Li Zhi-gang, An Ying-jie 2012, 16 (16):  2943-2946.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.16.022 Abstract ( 429 )   PDF (326KB) ( 353 )   Save BACKGROUND: Studies have shown there are no significant effects of titanium materials on human gingival fibroblasts. However, nickel-chromium alloy, titanium-nickel-chromium alloy significantly affect the inflammatory expression of the cells. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of four species of metal alloys on the expression of Bcl-2 and Bax in human gingival fibroblast cells. METHODS: Human gingival fibroblasts were isolated and cultured using tissue block method. Four kinds of metal alloy extracts were used and added into culture medium of human gingival fibroblast cells, and the blank control group was treated with Dulbecco's modified Eagle’s medium containing 10% calf serum. Western-blot assay was used to detect the expression of Bcl-2 and Bax in human gingival fibroblast cells. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The Bcl-2 and Bax expression of the gold alloy group was closed to that of the blank control group. The Bcl-2 and Bax expression changed insignificantly in the pure titanium and cobalt chromium alloy groups, but had a great change in the nickel-chromium alloy group (P < 0.05). Nickel-chromium alloy can affect the Bcl-2 and Bax expression levels, inhibit human gingival fibroblast proliferation, and promote human gingival fibroblast apoptosis. Related Articles | Metrics

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Histological evaluation of three commonly used light-cured resin composite materials in the wedge-shaped defect repair of extracted teeth   Wang Xue-mei1, Wu Wei-wei2, Gao Mei-zhen2, Zhao Zhong2, Yu Zhan-hai1 2012, 16 (16):  2947-2950.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.16.023 Abstract ( 314 )   PDF (375KB) ( 1103 )   Save BACKGROUND: Extending the service life of dental biomaterials is the concern of today's dental therapeutics and materials science. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the repairing effects of three kinds of light-cured resin composite materials on wedge-shaped defects. METHODS: A unified modeling was performed on the in vitro models of isolated teeth. Scanning electron microscope was used to observe the bonding interface of the materials and dental body after filling by the three repairing materials (3MZ350 resin, 3M fluid resin and P90 resin). RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: All three materials showed a reasonably good tooth-bonding property. In the 3MZ350 group, microfissures were usually found in the adhesive layer, and cavity might be found as well; in the P90 group, failure cracks were found on the resin side. The failure cracks of the fluid resin were small; this might be related to the fluidity. These findings indicate that all the three materials can be directly used for filling; adhesive with good edge sealing performance can effectively reduce the micro leakage of the composite resin-teeth interface and increase the restoration success. Related Articles | Metrics

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Biocompatibility of dentinal tubules in human extracted teeth closed with fluoride nano-hydroxyapatite   Wang Jian-ping1, Zhou Li-bo2, Yue Hong-xia3 2012, 16 (16):  2951-2954.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.12.024 Abstract ( 405 )   PDF (480KB) ( 496 )   Save BACKGROUND: Fluoride nano-hydroxyapatite has acid resistance, which is similar to the composition of tooth tissues. The fluoride nano-hydroxyapatite has good biocompatibility and has functional characteristics of remineralization on enamel. OBJECTIVE: To observe the closed effect of fluoride nano-hydroxyapatite on dentinal tubules. METHODS: Fifty-six healthy extracted teeth were randomly divided into four groups: fluoride nano-hydroxyapatite, nano-hydroxyapatite, sodium fluoride and blank control groups. Materials in each group were used to coat outer dentinal tubules twice on every morning and evening respectively (2 minutes/time), and then were saved in artificial saliva in a 37 ℃ thermostat. The teeth were longitudinal split as immediate group at 7 days after experiment. Teeth were longitudinal split again as wear group which using deionized water to simulate daily brushing 100 times on experimental area. Experimental area of dentin surface, blocking rate and closed depth of the section of dentinal tubules were observed using scanning electron microscope. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The dentinal tubules were open fully in the blank control group. Scanning electron microscope results showed that sealing effect of the dentinal tubules in the fluoride nano-hydroxyapatite group was better than that in the other three groups. Sealing effect of the dentinal tubules in the immediate and wear groups were fluoride nano-hydroxyapatite > nano-hydroxyapatite > sodium fluoride. It is indicated that blocking effect and sealing depth of the fluoride nano-hydroxyapatite are higher than those of the nano-hydroxyapatite and sodium fluoride. Related Articles | Metrics

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Cytocompatibility and cytotoxicity of coral hydroxyapatite in the periodontal tissue engineering Lu Hong1, Tian Yu2, Wu Zhi-fen1 2012, 16 (16):  2955-2958.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.16.025 Abstract ( 268 )   PDF (308KB) ( 401 )   Save BACKGROUND: With excellent biocompatibility and degradability, porous coral hydroxyapatite can provide the enough three-dimensional space for the adherence and proliferation of seed cells, which is beneficial for the vascularization and the infiltration of nutrients. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the cytocompatibility and cytotoxicity of coral hydroxyapatite so as to evaluate the feasibility of coral hydroxyapatite as a scaffold of periodontal tissue engineering. METHODS: Human periodontal ligament cells (HPDLCs) cultured in vitro were collected and seeded on the three-dimensional framework of coral hydroxyapatite. The HPDLCs growth on coral hydroxyapatite scaffolds was observed by cell counting and scanning electronic microscope. Compared with the negative and positive controls, the influences of coral hydroxyapatite extracts at dilution concentrations of 100%, 50%, 10%, 1% on cell proliferation and differentiation were observed by 3-(4, 5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay and alkaline phosphatase activity assay. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The cell counting results showed that human periodontal ligament cells adhered and proliferated on the three-dimensional framework of coral hydroxyapatite, and the flourishing growth of cells in the porous coral hydroxyapatite scaffolds was observed by scanning electronic microscope. The cytotoxicity detection showed that the different concentrations of coral hydroxyapatite extracts had no influences on the cell proliferation and differentiation. Then the porous coral hydroxyapatite was proved to be feasible as the periodontal tissue engineering scaffold with satisfactory cytocompatibility and with no cytotoxicity. Related Articles | Metrics

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Optimal concentration and time for citric acid to etch the dentin disc  Yuan Pei-yan1, Xu Ping-ping1, Huang Jian-sheng1, He Jian-bo2, Zou Chang-qing2 2012, 16 (16):  2959-2963.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.16.026 Abstract ( 392 )   PDF (544KB) ( 642 )   Save BACKGROUND: Although the citric acid solution has been gradually applied to prepare models of dentine hypersensitivity, but there is still not a uniform concentration and etching time. OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of different concentrations and different etching time of citric acid on the dentin disc to acquire a reliable in vitro model for the research of dentin hypersensitivity.  METHODS: Thirty premolars were selected and made into the dentin discs. Each dentin disc surface was wet polished using silicone carbide papers to form a smooth and platten surface. The morphology of dentin discs surface etched by the citrate acid was observed by scanning electron microscopy and the diameter of the dentin tubules was measured. A comparative analysis was made on the ability of different concentrations of citric acid solution (5%, 10%, 15%) at different times (30, 60, 120, 180 s) to remove the smear laye on the dentin surface and open the dentinal tubules.  RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The etching capability of citric acid to remove the smear layer was enhanced with the etching time expansion and concentration increase. Each time group of 5% citric acid and 30 s and 60 s groups of 10% and 15% citric acid had the limited ability to remove the smear layer, since some dentinal tubules were still subjected to be covered by different levels of smear layer. When the etch time was 120 s and 180 s of 10 % and 15% concentration groups, they all had the capability to remove the smear layer completely and expose dentin tubules. The diameter of the dentin tubules of 120 s and 180 s groups when citric acid concentration was 15% was larger than that of 10% groups, with a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the diameter of dentin tubules in 10% groups when the etch time was 120 s and 180 s had no significant difference (P > 0.05). 10% citric acid to etchthe dentin discs for 120 s was demonstrated as the best etching condition for removing the smear layer and acquiring a reliable in vitro model for the research of dentin hypersensitivity. Related Articles | Metrics

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Breakdown potential testing of occluders   Cao Bian-mei, Hu Guang-yong 2012, 16 (16):  2964-2966.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.16.027 Abstract ( 444 )   PDF (226KB) ( 441 )   Save BACKGROUND: Although current metallic implantable materials show good corrosion resistance, the corrosion resistance of many devices may change during the process of production and treating. OBJECTIVE: To study the application of the potentiodynamic polarization technique in testing the corrosion behavior of occluders in vitro. METHODS: Four different occluders were subjected to anodic polarization scan within the potential range from rest potential to  800 mV in simulated body fluid (pH=7.4). The differences of different occluders and different testing results were analyzed. Occluders A and B had the same shape, but the surface area of steel sleeve and total surface area were different; occluders C and D had the same size and total surface area, but had difference in the shape. These four kinds of occluders were made of the same material. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Form and size influenced the breakdown potential of occluders. Changes in the form and size contributed to the area ratio of stainless steel to nickel titanium wire, resulting in the variation of galvanic potential and galvanic current density to affect their breakdown potential. If two occluders made of the same material have different forms or sizes, the galvanic corrosion will be influenced and their breakdown potential should be tested separately. Related Articles | Metrics

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Meta-analysis of nanocrystalline silver versus silver sulfadiazine in the treatment of burn wounds Ding Hua-rong, Zhang Xian-fa, Liang Zi-qian, Lin Yuan, Meng Cheng-yue 2012, 16 (16):  2967-2970.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.16.028 Abstract ( 352 )   PDF (240KB) ( 534 )   Save BACKGROUND: Nanocrystalline silver (NS) is widely used in the treatment of burn wounds, and many articles have confirmed the effectiveness of NS treatment. However the deficient number of cases impacts the credibility of the articles and relevant evidence-based medicine studies are rare. OBJECTIVE: To systematic review the effects of NS and nanocrystalline silver (SD-Ag) for the treatment of second-degree burns. METHODS: Pubmed, science direct (SD), VIP (from 1989 to 2010) and CNKI (from 1979 to 2010) were searched. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of NS and SD-Ag for second-degree burns were collected. The methodological quality of the included studies was evaluated, and data analysis was performed using the Cochrane Collaboration's software RevMan 5.1.  RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: A total of 8 RCTs involving 513 second-degree burns patients were included. Meta analysis of the results was presented: the wound healing time in the NS treatment group was less than that in the control group (SD-Ag group) (P < 0.001). The wound healing rate between NS treatment and control groups were not significantly different at 15 days (MD=7.10, 95%CI＝-2.29 to 16.50, P=0.14). But in reliefing the pain there was statistical difference between the two groups (P < 0.000 01). According to the evidence, treatment for second-degree burns with NS can improve the wound healing rate and relief the pain of wounds. But it still needs a large sample of high-quality randomized controlled studies to be further confirmed.   Related Articles | Metrics

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The literature research analysis of magnesium alloys as metal implants in orthopedics based on Science Citation Index database  Wang Yong-ping, Jiang Yao 2012, 16 (16):  2971-2980.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.16.029 Abstract ( 293 )   PDF (395KB) ( 561 )   Save BACKGROUND: Magnesium alloys as orthopedic implant materials have given rise to more and more researchers' attention at home and abroad. OBJECTIVE: To multivariately analyze the literature regarding magnesium alloys as metal implants in orthopedics through Science Citation Index Database (SCI). DESIGN: Bibliometric analysis. DATA RETRIEVAL: A retrieval was performed for the literature of magnesium alloys as metal implants used in orthopedics, including magnesium alloy, rod, screw or nail, bone plate published during 2002-01 and 2011-12 in SCI. The retrieval results were analyzed, and the trends were described in words and graphics. SELECTIVE CRITERIA: Articles on magnesium alloys as metal implants in orthopedics included the following types: (1)Peer-reviewed original articles; (2)Reviews; (3)Meeting notes and abstracts; (4)Proceeding papers; (5)Editorial; (6)Letters. Exclusive criteria included (1)Articles unrelated to the study of magnesium alloys as metal implants in orthopedics. (2)Articles published before 2002. (3)Articles which were not published on journals. (4)Articles which were retrieved by phone or manually. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: The literatures were analyzed by publication year, journal distribution, type of document, discipline distribution, citation frequency, national distribution, institutional information, the fund and authors. RESULTS: A total of 388 articles on magnesium alloys as metal implants in orthopedics were retrieved in SCI database, in which most of papers were published as original articles. Six articles were identified as classic literature. The overall number of literature had an upward trend from 2002 to 2011. Materials Science Forum published most papers in this field (n=42, 10.83%). CONCLUSION: This paper provides a valuable reference for researchers to understand the overview and present situation of this field in order to set further research. Related Articles | Metrics

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Biocompatibility and blood compatibility of artificial blood vessel materials   Mao Zhi-gang1, Chen Zhao-hui2, Han Hong-guang2 2012, 16 (16):  2981-2988.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.16.030 Abstract ( 382 )   PDF (495KB) ( 798 )   Save BACKGROUND: With the development of biomedical engineering and biological materials science, artificial blood vessels have been widely used. The artificial blood vessel materials are constantly updated, How to improve the patency of blood vessels and the compatibility of the artificial blood vessel materials is the focus of research in recent years. OBJECTIVE: Using CNKI database literature search and the depth of analysis capabilities, to perform the multi-level analysis for the literature data trends of artificial blood vessel materials. DESIGN: Bibliometric data analysis. DATA RETRIEVAL: A search of related literature of artificial blood vessel materials was performed in CNKI database using the key words of “Artificial blood vessels” and ”Biomaterials”, during 2002-01 to 2011-12. Database analysis capabilities and Excel charting functions were used for literature analysis, through the form of text and charts, its distribution characteristics were described. SELECTION CRITERIA: ①Basic research papers related to the artificial blood vessel materials. ②Papers related to the clinical application of artificial blood vessel materials. Exclusion criteria: ①Literature has nothing to do with the purpose of this review. ②Duplication of research literature. ③Journal's own information. ④Unpublished papers. ⑤The article need telephone follow up to analyze and manual searches. ⑥Yearbook. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: In CNKI database, using academic journal articles published year, literature number, subject category, research institutions, source journals, literature citations, literature download frequency, associated literature, distribution of the author, distribution of the funds and major keywords to analysis. Regarding doctoral dissertation, the outstanding master’s degree papers, conference papers and patented technology to analyze. RESULTS: The literature associated with academic journals in CNKI during 2002-2011, retrieved a total of 122 artificial blood vessel materials research literature. The number of papers was gradually increasing. Published the most in 2008, a total of 17. Journal of Clinical Rehabilitative Tissue engineering Research published literatures is 27, accounting for 22.1% of all literature. The artificial blood vessel materials science research funded mainly by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, a total of 30. The artificial blood vessel materials research mainly based on Polyurethane, to highlight materials science biocompatibility and hemocompatibility studies. CONCLUSION: Through the bibliometric data analysis based on CNKI database of academic journal literature of the artificial blood vessel materials, to provide valuable reference for Chinese medical worker in artificial blood vessel materials science basic research and clinical practice, to further define the thinking of scientific research. Related Articles | Metrics

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Classification, surface modification and biocompatibility of artificial cornea materials  Wang Yang1, Xing Chun-sheng2, Zhou Xing1, Wang Lei1, Han Hong-guang3 2012, 16 (16):  2989-2996.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.16.031 Abstract ( 378 )   PDF (495KB) ( 828 )   Save BACKGROUND: Corneal disease and cataracts are the main reason that causes blindness, which can be cured by corneal transplantation. As the emergence of artificial cornea, make the corneal transplantation get rid of the problem in lacking of donor and transplant success rate, bring new hope for patients with corneal blindness. OBJECTIVE: Using CNKI database literature search and the depth of analysis capabilities, explore the multi-level analysis for the study of artificial cornea and artificial cornea materials classification and design of the literature data trends. DESIGN: Bibliometric data analysis. DATA RETRIEVAL: A search of related literature of artificial cornea materials research was performed in CNKI database using the key words of “Artificial cornea”, “Biomaterials”, “Biocompatibility”, “Hydrogel”, “Hydroxyapatite(HA)”, during 2002/1 to 2011/12. Using own database analysis capabilities and Excel charting functions to retrieve literature analysis, through the form of text and charts analysis the data , to describe its distribution characteristics. SELECTION CRITERIA: ①Basic research papers related to the artificial cornea materials.②Papers related to the clinical application of artificial cornea materials.③The research papers related to the classification of artificial cornea materials. ④Research papers related to the design of artificial cornea materials. Exclusion criteria: ①Literature has nothing to do with the purpose of this review. ②Duplication of research literature. ③Journal's own information. ④Unpublished papers. ⑤The article need telephone follow up to analyze and manual searches. ⑥Yearbook. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: In CNKI database, using academic journal articles published year, literature number, subject category, research institutions, source journals, literature citations, literature download frequency, associated literature, distribution of the author, distribution of the Funds and major keywords to analysis. RESULTS: The literature associated with academic journals in CNKI during 2002-2011, retrieved a total of 48 artificial cornea materials research literature. The number of papers was gradually increasing. Published the most in 2005, a total of 9. Journal of Clinical Rehabilitative Tissue engineering Research published literatures is 9, accounting for 18.8% of all literature. The artificial cornea materials science research funded mainly by the National Natural Science Foundation of China. The artificial cornea materials research mainly based on hydrogel and hydroxyapatite, to highlight the material surface modification and biocompatibility studies. CONCLUSION: Through the bibliometric data analysis based on CNKI database of academic journal literature of the artificial cornea materials, to provide valuable reference for Chinese medical worker in artificial cornea material science basic research and clinical practice, to further define the thinking of scientific research. Related Articles | Metrics

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The bibliometric analysis of meshes used in the female pelvic floor reconstruction based on China National Knowledge Infrastructure database  Xu Tie-bing 2012, 16 (16):  2997-3000.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.16.032 Abstract ( 301 )   PDF (318KB) ( 287 )   Save BACKGROUND: The mesh material in the application of the pelvic floor reconstructive surgery has given rise to more and more researchers' attention. OBJECTIVE: To multivariately analyze the literature regarding the application of the mesh in the female pelvic floor reconstruction through China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and its analysis tool. DESIGN: Bibliometric analysis. DATA RETRIEVAL: A retrieval was performed for the literature regarding the application of the mesh in the female pelvic floor reconstruction, including obstetrics and gynecology, pelvic floor, reconstruction, mesh, polypropylene, gynemesh, prolift during 2002-01 and 2011-12 in CNKI. The retrieval results were analyzed, and the trends were described in words and graphics. SELECTIVE CRITERIA: ①Articles on the application of the mesh in the female pelvic floor reconstruction. ②Articles on the application of gynemesh mesh in the female pelvic floor reconstruction. ③Articles on the application of prolift mesh in the female pelvic floor reconstruction. Exclusive criteria were included ①Articles unrelated the study of the application of the mesh in the female pelvic floor reconstruction. ②Duplication of research articles. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: The literatures were analyzed by publication year, journal distribution, the source database, discipline distribution, institutional information and authors. RESULTS: A total of 147 literatures regarding the application of the mesh in the female pelvic floor reconstruction were retrieved from CNKI database. The overall number of literature had an upward trend from 2002 to 2011. Chinese Journal of Practical Gynecology and Obstetrics and Maternal and Child Health Care of China published most papers in this field (n=6). CONCLUSION: This paper provides a valuable reference for researchers to understand the overview and present situation of this field in order to set further research. Related Articles | Metrics

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Implantation of inferior vena cava filter in preventing pulmonary embolism    Li Jun, Dai Yuan-bin 2012, 16 (16):  3001-3004.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.16.033 Abstract ( 339 )   PDF (330KB) ( 393 )   Save BACKGROUND: Inferior vena cava filter placement can efficiently prevent pulmonary embolism and provide security for surgical thrombectomy. OBJECTIVE: To explore the development of clinical application of inferior vena cava filters. METHODS: A computer-based online search was performed in FMJS database and Wanfang database between 1985 and 2010 for literatures related to the development, indications and contraindications, placement technologies, complications and postoperative anticoagulation of inferior vena cava filters. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Material science of inferior vena cava filters is developing rapidly, and their placement technologies have been improved significantly, but their clinical application indications are still unclear. Cognitions on postoperative anticoagulation is also different, and reports of filter position deviation, migration, angulation, and vena cava perforation, and damage to the surrounding organs are increasing with the increase of inferior vena cava filter application. The placement of inferior vena cava filters in preventing pulmonary embolism deserves affirmation, while the postoperative complications and severity of inferior vena cava filters need more researches. The clinical application prospects will be widening with further improvement in development and biocompatibility of material science of inferior vena cava filters. Related Articles | Metrics

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Cycle fatigue of the alloy casting clasp Jia Shuang, Wang De-fang, Ye Rong-rong 2012, 16 (16):  3005-3008.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.16.034 Abstract ( 257 )   PDF (376KB) ( 336 )   Save BACKGROUND: The cycle fatigue of clasps casted by different alloys may occur when the denture is token off and worn in clinical practice. OBJECTIVE: To summarize the research conditions on the causes, effecting factors and test methods of cycle fatigue of casting clasp. METHODS: A computer-based online search of papers published between January 1996 to January 2011 was performed in  Medline database, CNKI database and Wanfang database using the key words of “casting clasp, cycle fatigue, effecting factors, test methods” in English and in Chinese. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Currently, there are many casting clasp made of different alloy materials used in clinical work and satisfactory clinical effect have been already acquired. For instants, the cobalt-chromium alloy, titanium alloy and the high-cobalt-chromium-molybdenum alloy which is gradually used in clinical work. In the use of removable partial denture, the phenomenon of cycle fatigue of the casting clasp will come out because of access repeatedly to the undercut abutment area. There are many studies on the causes, effecting factors and test methods of cycle fatigue of casting clasp. But how to decrease the cycle fatigue effectively is still unclear.  Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of gamma-poly glutamic acid and its derivatives in biomedical field Shu Xiu-lin1, Shi Qing-shan1, Huang Xiao-mo2, Zheng Guo-ai2, Ouyang You-sheng1, Chen Yi-ben1 2012, 16 (16):  3009-3012.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.16.035 Abstract ( 756 )   PDF (551KB) ( 3818 )   Save BACKGROUND: γ-poly glutamic acid (γ-PGA) is a type of polymer material through fermentation production of microbial bacteria. This polymer has the features of water-solubility, absorbency, moisture retention, biodegradable, no toxicity and safety. The γ-PGA has a wide application prospect in biomedical engineering through composition with other materials.   OBJECTIVE: To summarize the applications of γ-PGA in drug carriers, wound dressing, cosmetic medicine, and bone tissue engineering. METHODS: Databases of CNKI, VIP, and Science Direct were retrieved with key words of “γ-poly glutamic acid, drug carrier materials, wound dressing, cosmetic medicine, artificial bone substitute materials” by screening titles and abstracts to search papers published from January 1998 to May 2011. Papers underlying bio-medical were selected. Totally 206 literatures were obtained in initial search, 26 of them were chosen to summarize according to inclusion criteria. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: As drug carrier, γ-PGA and its derivatives can improve the water-solubility, reduce the toxicity, and control the release and increase the targeting of drugs. It is an excellent and safe hydrophilic humectant in cosmetic medicine. As wound dressing, the addition of γ-PGA into wound dressing materials leads to a reduction in platelet adhesion and activation to increase hemostatic effect, induce cellular proliferation and differentiation, and improve the stability and effusion absorption of wound dressing. As bone tissue engineering scaffolds, γ-PGA copolymer scaffolds can promote the growth and proliferation of the osteoblasts, exhibit excellent biodegradation and biocompatibility, and are potential in tissue engineering as temporary substitutes for articular cartilage regeneration. Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of fibrin glue in orthopedics  Zhang Fei, Gao Hui 2012, 16 (16):  3013-3016.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.16.036 Abstract ( 394 )   PDF (441KB) ( 483 )   Save BACKGROUND: Fibrin glue (FG) is a fibrin preparation, which is composed by fibrinogen, thrombin and other biological activity, and it has various functions such as hemostasia, chemotaxis, promoting cell mitosis and other features, besides, it also has good biocompatibility. OBJECTIVE: To review the application of FG in orthopedics. METHODS: The PubMed, Biosis Preview, ScienceDirect, Wanfang and VIP databases were searched by using the keywords of “fibrin glue, biomaterial, application” in English and “fibrin glue, orthopedics, application” in Chinese for relevant articles addressing application of FG in orthopedics published 1995-01/2011-05. Finally, 30 articles were summarized. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: FG is a kind of multi-bioactive fibrin, which can rapidly form three-dimensional network structure and play a good hemostatic effect. FG can form a local loop at the injection site to play a closed and adhesive effect, and it can be used for preventing postoperative epidural adhesions, inhibiting local inflammation, reducing swelling pressure, and promoting postoperative wound healing. FG can act as a biological matrix used in bone or cartilage tissue engineering. Related Articles | Metrics

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Components of enamel matrix derivative and cyto-differentiation induction effects: A literature review   Zou Hui-ru1,2○, Zhang Lan-cheng1, Qin Zong-chang1, Yang Xue-bin2○, Steven Brookes2○ 2012, 16 (16):  3017-3021.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.16.037 Abstract ( 232 )   PDF (399KB) ( 384 )   Save BACKGROUND: Enamel matrix derivative is a product derived from pig developing enamel which contains various enamel matrix proteins and derivatives. It is believed to act as a tissue-healing modulator which helps stimulate periodontal regeneration, biomineralization and bone induction. OBJECTIVE: To summarize the components of enamel matrix derivative and the effects of enamel matrix derivative on cyto-differentiation induction providing a basis for the further usage of enamel matrix derivative in tissue engineering research.  METHODS: A computer-based online search of Chinese Biomedical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System, CNKI, Wanfang and VIP databases was undertaken for the related Chinese articles dated from January 1997 to December 2011 with the keywords of “enamel matrix derivative/enamel matrix protein, Emdogain®, differentiation”. Meanwhile, PubMed and EBSCO HOST databases were searched for the related English articles dated from January 1997 to December 2011 with the same keywords in English. In addition, Chemical Abstracts and Excerpta Medica were manually searched. Those experimental studies involving randomized, blind and controlled condition and observations, comparisons, academic summarization and case reports with no limitations were included. Those with unrelated research subjects, or repetitive studies were excluded. All articles were refined and finally 38 articles were remained for further analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Enamel matrix derivative is the product derived from pig developing enamel which contains various enamel matrix proteins and growth factor-like materials. It is believed to act as a tissue-healing modulator which inhibits or stimulates differentiation of various stem cells. It suggests that enamel matrix derivative can be used not only in periodontal regeneration, but also in other tissue engineering fields. Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of biomedical fibrin glue in submandibular gland surgery: Randomized controlled study  Hu Guang-wei, Liao Tian-an 2012, 16 (16):  3022-3024.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.16.038 Abstract ( 327 )   PDF (189KB) ( 342 )   Save BACKGROUND: Biomedical fibrin glue can prevent wound effusion, exudation and adhesion, as well as promote wound healing. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical effects of biomedical fibrin glue in submandibular gland surgery. METHODS: Fifty-eight cases of submandibular gland excision were randomly divided into experimental group (n=28) and control group (n=30). Biomedical fibrin glue was applied in the operative wound of the experimental group after hemostasis, while the control group was not treated with biomedical fibrin glue. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Biomedical fibrin glue formed a jelly-like material after spraying within 5-10 seconds in the experimental group, and solidified completely in 3-5 minutes. The gel was attached to the wound surface and there were no adverse reactions and dysfunctions in the liver and kidney. The total drainage flow and the drainage flow on the first postoperative day of the experimental group were lower than those of the control group (P < 0.05), as well as the extubation time and time for stitches removal were shorter than those of the control group (P < 0.05). Besides, patients with subjective symptoms and scar adhesion formation in the experimental group were better than those in the control group. These findings suggest that biomedical fibrin glue is safe, effective and reliable in submandibular gland surgery for blocking operative wound surface, hemostasis and promoting healing. Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of poly (D, L-lactic acid) absorbable medical film in tendon repair Xu Hai-dong, Zhao Jian-ning, Lu Jun-hao, Liu Jin-long, Chen Yong 2012, 16 (16):  3025-3028.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.16.039 Abstract ( 529 )   PDF (278KB) ( 677 )   Save BACKGROUND: The present studies are focused on how to reduce or eliminate adhesion after tendon repair to fulfill sliding function soon without affecting the healing of tendon. OBJECTIVE: To observe the anti-adhesion effects of poly (D, L-lactic acid) (PDLLA) absorbable medical film on tendon repair. METHODS: Sixty patients with flexor tendon and stretch tendon rupture (95 tendons) in hand selected from Nanjing General Hospital of Nanjing Military Region were randomly divided into two groups. Anastomosis 1.5-2.0 cm was wrapped by using Hongjian medical membrane in anti-adhesion biomembrance group, while control group did not use biological absorbable medical film. At 6 months after repair, flexor tendon and stretch tendon were detected by using total active movement system and Miller classification respectively for the comparison of comprehensive good rate. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The comprehensive good rate in the anti-adhesion biomembrance group (90%, 45/50) was higher than that in the control group (67%, 30/45) during over 6-month follow-up after repair. It is indicated that the clinical application of PDLLA absorbable medical film is easy and convenient to reduce postoperative adhesion effectively after tendon repair, and its clinical effects are confirmed.   Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of absorbable ploydioxanone II suture on full fascia continuous suture for closing an abdominal incision: Randomized controlled study Li Dan, Niu Yue-ping, Wang Shen-ping, Han Guang-sen, Ren Xiao-yi, Zhao Yu-zhou 2012, 16 (16):  3029-3032.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.16.040 Abstract ( 444 )   PDF (256KB) ( 433 )   Save BACKGROUND: The healing of abdominal incisions is closely related to the choice of suture, besides patients’ health and the suturing ways to close an abdominal incision. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of absorbable ploydioxanone II suture (PDS Ⅱ) at the healing of abdominal incisions. METHODS: Totally 162 patients with rectal cancer were collected from the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from September 2009 to February 2011, and they were randomly divided into observation group and control group. Patients in the observation group were performed full fascia continuous suture by using PDS Ⅱ, while patients in the control group were performed layering intermittent silk suture. Wound healing in the two groups was compared. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: In the observation group, the mean suture time was (13.45 ± 1.46) minutes, and four cases were found wound infection postoperatively, but they were soon healed by dressing with no wound dehiscence and rejection reaction. The mean suture time of the control group was (22.96±1.95) minutes, and 14 cases were found wound infection, among which, wound dehiscence appeared in nine cases and rejection reaction appeared in 11 cases. In the control group, some patients had delayed healing by dressing. There were significant differences between the two groups (P < 0.05). In terms of hospital days, expenses and cases of fat liquefaction, there was no significant difference between the two groups (P > 0.05). These findings suggest that PDS Ⅱ for abdominal incision suture has a shorter operation time, lower rate of incision infection, fewer complications, as well as better clinical effect and security.  Related Articles | Metrics

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Different bone grafts for repair of periodontal alveolar bone defects Ding Jian-yong1, Wei Lin2, Guo Jia-ping3 2012, 16 (16):  3033-3036.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.16.041 Abstract ( 313 )   PDF (233KB) ( 912 )   Save BACKGROUND: Bone graft material is the most important factor that affects the efficiency of bone grafting. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the inductive activities and clinical effects of different bone grafts for treatment of periodontal alveolar bone defects. METHODS: A total of 24 patients with periodontal alveolar bone defect were repaired for retrospective analysis of individual and treatment information. All patients were followed-up for 6 months. Comparison of the clinical effects of autogenous bone, Bio-oss bone powder and their combination was performed. X-ray examination was performed to observe the amount and morphology of new bone in all patients. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Only one case of Bio-oss bone powder was ineffective, and the ineffective rate was 4%. Tooth mobility of patients was decreased after treatment than before, the tooth mobility was no loose-loose at degree Ⅱ (P < 0.05). X-ray showed that bone filling height of the combined material group was obviously higher than that in the other two groups (P < 0.05). It is indicated that autogenous bone and Bio-oss bone powder combined application can make up their own disadvantages to achieve an additive effect during implantation.   Related Articles | Metrics

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Absorbable cartilage screws for treating fractures of the coronoid process of the ulna Liu Zhao-jie1, 2, Hu Yong-cheng1, 3 2012, 16 (16):  3037-3040.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.16.042 Abstract ( 346 )   PDF (288KB) ( 379 )   Save BACKGROUND: All fractures of the coronoid process of the ulna can be involved in O'Driscoll classification. Treatments for fractures of the coronoid process of the ulna are basically consistent. However, the fixation methods are various leading to different clinical efficacies, and there are no uniform standards. OBJECTIVE: To assess the clinical efficacy of absorbable cartilage screw in the treatment of fractures of the coronoid process of the ulna. METHODS: From January 2007 to January 2010, 24 patients with fractures of the coronoid process of the ulna were reviewed, including 18 males and six females with an average age of 30 years (range from 16 to 47 years). According to O’Driscoll criterion, four cases were classified as I, 14 cases were classified as II and six cases as III. Open reduction and absorbable cartilage screw fixation were carried out through an anterior approach at six cases, medial approach at 15 cases and lateral approach at three cases. The ruptured capsule and collateral ligament were repaired and reconstructed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The mean follow-up period was 22.1 months (range from 18 to 30 months). All fractures healed in 6-10 weeks with an average time of 8.2 weeks. According to Morrey Elbow Performance Score, excellent was in 17 cases, good in four cases, fair in two cases and poor in one case. The complications included ectopic ossification in three cases, traumatic arthritis in two cases and elbow instability in two cases. Absorbable cartilage screw fixation is the excellent way to treat fractures of the coronoid process of the ulna with surgical indications, which can also avoid the complications through the second surgery.   Related Articles | Metrics