Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research ›› 2026, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (24): 6282-6288.doi: 10.12307/2026.213

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Role of chondrocyte ferroptosis in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis

Su Jiemao1, 2, Qi Yansong2, Kong Keyu3, Zhai Zanjing3, Xu Yongsheng1, 2   

  1. 1Inner Mongolia Clincal Medical College, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010017, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China; 2Orthopedic Center (Sport Medicine Center), Inner Mongolia People’s Hospital, Hohhot 010017, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China; 3Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
  • Received:2025-08-04 Revised:2025-09-10 Online:2026-08-28 Published:2026-02-03
  • Contact: Xu Yongsheng, Chief physician, Doctoral supervisor, Inner Mongolia Clincal Medical College, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010017, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China; Orthopedic Center (Sport Medicine Center), Inner Mongolia People’s Hospital, Hohhot 010017, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China Co-corresponding author: Qi Yansong, Associate chief physician, Associate researcher, Orthopedic Center (Sport Medicine Center), Inner Mongolia People's Hospital, Hohhot 010017, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
  • About author:Su Jiemiao, MS candidate, Inner Mongolia Clincal Medical College, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010017, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China; Orthopedic Center (Sport Medicine Center), Inner Mongolia People’s Hospital, Hohhot 010017, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
  • Supported by:
    Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Natural Science Foundation, No. 2024ZD32 (to XYS); Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Natural Science Foundation, No. 2024LHMS08015 (to QYS); Science and Technology Project for the Construction of High-Level Clinical Specialties in Public Hospitals in the Capital Region of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, No. 2024SGGZ015 (to XYS)

Abstract: BACKGROUND: As a programmed cell death, ferroptosis relies on lipid peroxidation triggered by iron overload, leading to the death of chondrocytes and the exacerbation of joint degeneration. 
OBJECTIVE: To summarize the molecular mechanism of chondrocyte ferroptosis in the progression of osteoarthritis, and intervention strategies for this mechanism. 
METHODS: A literature search was conducted in the CNKI, PubMed, and Web of Science databases. The Chinese and English search terms were “cartilage, ferroptosis, Nrf2, NF-E2-related factor 2, SIRT, Sirtuin, PINK1, PTEN induced putative kinase 1, stromal cell-derived factor 1, SDF1, nanoparticle, mitophagy, hydrogel.” Based on the inclusion criteria, 69 articles were ultimately selected for review.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The mechanism of ferroptosis involves iron accumulation, lipid peroxidation, and abnormal amino acid metabolism, with reactive oxygen species accumulation and lipid peroxidation being essential prerequisites for generating ferroptosis signals. In osteoarthritis, chondrocyte ferroptosis serves as a key pathological mechanism of cartilage degeneration. Current research on chondrocyte ferroptosis mechanisms and related materials primarily focuses on antioxidant pathways. Multiple studies have attempted to mitigate osteoarthritis-induced cartilage damage and improve disease progression by developing materials with antioxidant properties or those that regulate metal ion distribution. Additionally, creating materials that interfere with ferroptosis through alternative pathways represents a current research priority for osteoarthritis treatment. At present, these research results have only produced effective therapeutic effects in cell and animal experiments, and have not been clinically studied. Future studies need to further explore the ferroptosis-related signaling network and the interaction between materials and biological interfaces to develop more efficient and safe treatment strategies.

Key words: osteoarthritis, chondrocyte, ferroptosis, glutathione peroxidase 4, reactive oxygen species, nanoparticle, hydrogel

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