Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research ›› 2026, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (22): 5782-5791.doi: 10.12307/2026.236

Previous Articles     Next Articles

Virtual reality therapy on neuropathic pain following spinal cord injury

Du Xinyu1, Zhao Donglin1, Zhang Shuyang1, Li Shihao2, Xing Zheng2, Chu Xiaolei2, Li Qi2   

  1. 1College of Exercise & Health, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin 301617, China; 2Department of Rehabilitation, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin 300211, China
  • Received:2025-09-10 Accepted:2025-10-21 Online:2026-08-08 Published:2025-12-27
  • Contact: Li Qi, MS, Associate chief physician, Department of Rehabilitation, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin 300211, China
  • About author:Du Xinyu, Master candidate, College of Exercise & Health, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin 301617, China
  • Supported by:
    “Biological and Information Fusion (BT and IT Fusion)” Key Special Project of the National Key Research & Development Program, No. 2023YFF1205200 (to XZ); Tianjin Natural Science Foundation General Project, No. 22JCYBJC00210 (to LQ); Tianjin Natural Science Foundation General Project, No. 22JCYBJC00220 (to CXL)

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Virtual reality has demonstrated unique advantages as a novel non-pharmacological intervention in the treatment of neuropathic pain following spinal cord injury.
OBJECTIVE: To systematically review the pathogenesis of neuropathic pain following spinal cord injury, summarize the specific application modes and mechanisms of virtual reality therapy for this condition, and explore key factors influencing treatment efficacy, thereby providing novel therapeutic options for patients with neuropathic pain following spinal cord injury.
METHODS: A literature search was conducted in the CNKI, PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases up to June 2025. The Chinese and English search terms included “spinal cord injury, central sensitization, cerebral cortex, noninvasive therapy, neuropathic pain, virtual reality.” A total of 1 352 articles were retrieved, and 73 articles that met the inclusion criteria were ultimately included in the analysis.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The development of neuropathic pain following spinal cord injury involves complex mechanisms in both the spinal cord and brain, closely associated with central sensitization at the spinal level and abnormal plasticity changes in the brain. Virtual reality, as a novel intervention approach, can be used alone or in combination with other intervention methods, showing unique therapeutic value for the multidimensional pathogenesis of neuropathic pain after spinal cord injury. Standalone virtual reality applications primarily involve virtual walking interventions aimed at restoring abnormal changes in brain plasticity. Combined virtual reality applications demonstrate certain efficacy in both inhibiting central sensitization and regulating brain plasticity. Although virtual reality interventions show considerable potential for treating neuropathic pain following spinal cord injury, current research and applications have certain limitations. Future efforts should focus on addressing these issues to fully realize the therapeutic value of virtual reality in managing neuropathic pain following spinal cord injury.


Key words: spinal cord injury, virtual reality, immersive intervention, neuropathic pain, pain management, rehabilitation

CLC Number: