Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research ›› 2025, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (21): 4593-4601.doi: 10.12307/2025.810

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Application of virtual reality technology in functional recovery of peripheral nerve injury

Zhang Shuyang1, Du Xinyu1, Zhao Donglin1, Xing Zheng2, Chu Xiaolei2, Li Qi2   

  1. 1School of Sports and Health, Tianjin Institute of Physical Education, Tianjin 301617, China; 2Tianjin Hospital of Tianjin University, Tianjin 300211, China

  • Received:2024-06-07 Accepted:2024-07-12 Online:2025-07-28 Published:2024-12-07
  • Contact: Li Qi, Master’s supervisor, Associate chief physician, Tianjin Hospital of Tianjin University, Tianjin 300211, China
  • About author:Zhang Shuyang, Master candidate, School of Sports and Health, Tianjin Institute of Physical Education, Tianjin 301617, China
  • Supported by:
    Key Special Project of National Key Research & Development Program of China “Biological and Information Integration (BT and IT Integration)”, No. 2023YFF1205200 (to XZ); Tianjin Natural Science Foundation (General Project), No. 22JCYBJC00210 (to LQ); Tianjin Natural Science Foundation (General Project), No. 22JCYBJC00220 (to CXL)

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Virtual reality technology is a popular human-computer intelligent interaction technology in recent years, and has been widely used in leisure and entertainment, vocational training, medical rehabilitation and other fields.
OBJECTIVE: To explore the potential of virtual reality technology combined with different therapies in functional recovery of patients with peripheral nerve injury, summarize its mechanism of action, evaluate its application effects and prospects, and discuss its advantages and disadvantages, so as to provide new ideas and methods for rehabilitation practice after peripheral nerve injury.
METHODS: The relevant literature of CNKI and PubMed database from inception to May 2024 was retrieved by computer. Chinese and English search terms were “peripheral nerves injury, virtual reality, endoplasmic reticulum stress, muscle atrophy, cerebral cortex, mirror therapy, tendon vibration, treadmill training.” Finally, 68 articles were included for analysis.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Virtual reality technology, as a new auxiliary means, simulates the real environment to provide immersive multi-sensory experiences for patients, greatly enriching the dimensions of rehabilitation training and significantly accelerating the recovery process of patients with peripheral nerve injury. Its mechanism of action is to promote cortical plasticity through multi-sensory stimulation, invading the dormant areas adjacent to the cortex, and these areas responding to other inputs or generating new muscle activation, thereby promoting functional recovery. (2) Virtual reality technology has been widely combined with traditional therapies, showcasing its unique advantages. When combined with mirror therapy, the advantage of virtual reality is breaking the limitation of body position and advancing the time point of rehabilitation intervention. When combined with tendon vibration, virtual reality technology enhances the dual stimulation of visual and tactile perception to enhance the illusion of movement, significantly improving the perception and motor ability of patients, but also raises the issue of increased perception of limb weight. In running machine training, virtual reality technology further leverages its advantages by simulating real-life environments through multi-sensory stimulation to enhance balance and walking function, but problems such as motion sickness still exist. (3) Therefore, in actual applications, due to the fact that virtual reality combined with mirror therapy and tendon vibration will enhance the illusion of movement for patients, it is more suitable for early stages of rehabilitation. Meanwhile, the combination of virtual reality and treadmill training is suitable for the later stage of rehabilitation, helping patients to better return to their daily lives. (4) Although virtual reality technology has shown great potential in peripheral nerve injury rehabilitation, there are still some problems and challenges, such as motion sickness, the design and application of virtual reality rehabilitation games, and ethical considerations. Future research should focus on solving these problems to further promote the development of virtual reality technology in the field of rehabilitation.

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

Key words: virtual reality, peripheral nerve injury, rehabilitation, endoplasmic reticulum stress, muscle atrophy, cortical plasticity, mirror therapy, tendon vibration, treadmill training, mechanism

CLC Number: