Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research ›› 2023, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (33): 5404-5412.doi: 10.12307/2023.704

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Effect and mechanism of non-coding RNA in regulating neuronal apoptosis after spinal cord injury

Xu Luchun, Yang Yongdong, Zhao He, Zhong Wenqing, Ma Yukun, Yu Xing   

  1. Dongzhimen Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, China
  • Received:2022-10-08 Accepted:2022-11-16 Online:2023-11-28 Published:2023-03-31
  • Contact: Yu Xing, MD, Professor, Chief physician, Doctoral supervisor, Dongzhimen Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, China
  • About author:Xu Luchun, Doctoral candidate, Dongzhimen Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, China
  • Supported by:
    the National Natural Science Foundation of China (General Program), No. 81973882 (to YX)

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Neuronal cell apoptosis after spinal cord injury is a major cause of permanent spinal cord injury. It is of great significance to explore ways to prevent neuronal apoptosis after spinal cord injury. Existing animal experiments have shown that non-coding RNA can regulate neuronal apoptosis after spinal cord injury, which may provide a certain reference for clinical neuronal protective therapy after spinal cord injury.  
OBJECTIVE: To review the role and mechanism of non-coding RNA in regulating neuronal apoptosis after spinal cord injury so as to provide a new target for protective treatment of spinal cord injury.
METHODS: Search terms “microRNA, miR, lncRNA, circRNA, noncoding RNA, RNA, SCI, spinal cord injury, spinal cord, apoptosis” were searched in the PubMed database. The inclusion and exclusion criteria were formulated, and 87 relevant articles were included by reading the title, abstract and full text.  
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Neuronal cell apoptosis is an important pathophysiological change in secondary spinal cord injury, and it is an important mechanism of neuronal death and spinal cord dysfunction. (2) Animal experiments showed that miRNA, lncRNA and circRNA related to neuronal cell apoptosis were significantly differentially expressed in spinal cord tissues after spinal cord injury, and some miRNA, lncRNA and circRNA that promoted neuronal apoptosis were overexpressed. The expression of miRNA, lncRNA and circRNA that inhibited neuronal apoptosis was down-regulated. (3) By regulating the corresponding expression of specific miRNA, the excessive apoptosis of neuronal cells after spinal cord injury can be inhibited mainly by down-regulating the apoptotic gene Bax, inhibiting the TLR4/nuclear factor-κB signaling pathway, and activating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. (4) The regulation of lncRNA and circRNA expression mainly causes the silencing or overexpression of specific miRNA by targeting negative regulation, so as to exert its anti-neuronal apoptosis effect. (5) Among miRNAs, miR-125b can regulate Smurf1/KLF2/ATF2 axis and JAK1/STAT1 signaling pathway, while miR-21-5p can regulate programmed cell death factor 4 (PDCD4) and PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, showing multi-pathway anti-apoptotic effect. (6) Among lncRNAs and circRNAs, lncRNA-PTENP1, lncRNA-TCTN2 and circRNA-HIPK3 have targeted regulatory effects on a variety of miRNAs. These non-coding RNAs may become new targets for neuronal protective therapy after spinal cord injury. (7) At the moment, non-coding RNA regulation of neuronal apoptosis after spinal cord injury also only stays in animal cells. In the future, we need to continue to explore more targeted non-coding RNA drug carriers, joint biological tissue engineering as well as other emerging technologies, and strive for an early transition to clinical transformation.

Key words: circRNA, lncRNA, microRNA, non-coding RNA, spinal cord injury, neuron, cell apoptosis, targeting effect, signaling pathway, protective treatment

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