Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research ›› 2023, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (14): 2207-2213.doi: 10.12307/2023.153

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The role of growth differentiation factor 5 in osteoarthritis

Li Feifei, Zhang Yong, Wang Buyu, Yang Zhihang, Deng Jiang   

  1. Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, First People’s Hospital of Zunyi, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou Province, China
  • Received:2022-04-19 Accepted:2022-05-30 Online:2023-05-18 Published:2022-09-30
  • Contact: Deng Jiang, Professor, Chief physician, Doctoral supervisor, Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, First People’s Hospital of Zunyi, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou Province, China
  • About author:Li Feifei, Physician, Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, First People’s Hospital of Zunyi, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou Province, China
  • Supported by:
    the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 81660367 (to DJ); Guizhou Provincial Science and Technology Fund, No. (2016)1420 (to DJ); Guizhou Provincial Health Commission Science and Technology Fund, No. gzwkj 2021-236 (to DJ)

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Growth differentiation factor 5, a member of transforming growth factor β and bone morphogenetic protein family, plays an important role in joint formation and the development of bone and articular cartilage. As a tissue engineering cytokine, growth differentiation factor 5 has great potential in promoting osteochondral repair.
OBJECTIVE: To explore the role of growth differentiation factor 5 in osteoarthritis and some existing problems, attempting to provide a theoretical basis for the treatment of osteoarthritis.
METHODS: Literature related to the role and mechanism of growth differentiation factor 5 in osteoarthritis was searched in CNKI, WanFang, and PubMed databases with “growth differentiation factor 5, articular cartilage, cell migration, cell proliferation, subchondral bone, inflammation, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis” as Chinese and English search terms, respectively. 
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Growth differentiation factor 5 promotes the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells into chondrocytes, expresses type II collagen and proteoglycans, and maintains the characteristics of chondrocytes. Growth differentiation factor 5 promotes the hypertrophic differentiation of chondrocytes, but some studies have shown that the expression of chondrocyte hypertrophy markers is reduced after induction with growth differentiation factor 5, indicating that growth differentiation factor 5 is more beneficial than harmful to cartilage repair. Growth differentiation factor 5 can promote steogenesis, increase the mineralization density of subchondral bone, and indirectly promote the repair of cartilage through the repair of subchondral bone. Inflammatory factors are one of the factors that promote the occurrence and development of osteoarthritis. Growth differentiation factor 5 can inhibit the expression of inflammatory factors, thereby protecting against osteoarthritis. As a “multifunctional” inducer, growth differentiation factor 5 has certain effects on cartilage, subchondral bone and inflammation. However, its mechanism of action is still unclear and needs further studies. Overall, growth differentiation factor 5 is expected to be an osteoarthritis-treating drug in the future.

Key words: GDF-5, articular cartilage, growth differentiation factor 5, subchondral bone, inflammation, osteoarthritis

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