Bone regeneration imaging after bone grafting using phase-contrast computed tomography with synchrotron radiation

doi:10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.0706

Abstract

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: With a clear distinction from traditional computed tomography (CT) imaging with information absorption, phase-contrast CT with synchronous radiation has implemented the microstructure imaging of soft tissues in organisms with an unprecedented imaging mechanism.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the synchrotron radiation phase-contrast CT imaging technology in the bone regeneration imaging after bone grafting.

METHODS: Four New Zealand white rabbits were used to make a metaphyseal defect model. Then, model rabbits were randomized into a group with calcium phosphate bone grafting and a group with Bio-Oss bone grafting in the defects. The specimens were imaged by the synchrotron radiation phase-contrast CT and stained with hematoxylin-eosin and sirius red 2 weeks after bone grafting.

RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Bio-Oss bone graft material group: Osteoid was observed not only around the graft material but also in the area far from the graft bone material as reticulate structure by the synchrotron radiation phase-contrast CT. Hematoxylin-eosin staining showed a large amount of red osteoid tissues arranged as trabecular bone, and a large amount of osteoblasts with obvious osteogensis. Sirius red-stained pathological sections were largely stained yellow, and there were round or oval osteoblasts with strongly expressed type I collagen. (2) Calcium phosphate bone graft material group: There was no reticulate structure shown by the synchrotron radiation phase-contrast CT, and the creep of osteoid tissues was only around the bone graft. Hematoxylin-eosin staining showed a large amount of red osteoid tissues, and sirius red-stained pathological sections were stained yellow and red. To conclude, the synchronous radiation phase- contrast CT can clearly display the regenerated structure of bone grafts.

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程

Key words: Bone Transplantation, Bone Regeneration, Tissue Engineering

CLC Number:

R318

Liu Yong-chao, Jian Jian-bo, Li Chang-chun, Sun Lian-lian, Hu Chun-hong. Bone regeneration imaging after bone grafting using phase-contrast computed tomography with synchrotron radiation[J]. Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research, 2018, 22(10): 1488-1492.

Figures/Tables 2

通过同步辐射相衬CT的扫描获得2组样品组织的横断面CT图像，两组图像上均可见骨移植材料周围由带状新生类骨质不连续包绕，类骨质呈典型的爬行状态，与骨移植材料形成桥接作用，紧密结合共同形成支架结构，逐渐向骨小梁分化，有骨陷凹出现，从两组图像中可很好地观察到这些骨传导现象。 Bio-Oss骨移植材料组：同步辐射相衬CT扫描显示，在距离骨移植材料远处可见并不依附骨移植材料而生长的网状支架机构；苏木精-伊红染色病理切片中可见大量红染的类骨质出现，呈骨小梁样排列，周围有大量成骨细胞分布，成骨反应明显；天狼星红染色切片大量黄染，Ⅰ型胶原表达明显，未见绿色染色，同时可见圆形或椭圆形的成骨细胞被自己分泌的Ⅰ型胶原包埋其中(图2A-C)。这些类骨质均是由Bio-Oss骨移植材料的骨诱导作用而形成的。Bio-Oss骨移植材料为取材自小牛骨骼的天然骨无机材料，经过多级净化加工工序、特殊处理，最终从小牛骨骼中提取出的一种碳酸盐磷灰石结晶体，处理过程中消除掉了其中的蛋白质和其他有机成分，使之在化学成分极其物理结构上与人体骨骼几乎完全相同，具有很强的诱导能力，也不引起免疫、过敏或炎症等反应[9]。成骨细胞能识别Bio-Oss的生物磷灰石表面，并在其上面附着沉积，最终形成新骨。同时Bio-Oss诱导组织中的间充质干细胞向成骨细胞分化，分化形成的成骨细胞分泌细胞外基质，互相连接形成网状支架结构。磷酸钙合成骨移植材料组：同步辐射相衬CT扫描并未观察到骨诱导形成的网状结构，仅能在移植材料周围观察到爬行状态的类骨质，依附在移植骨周围，苏木精-伊红染色也是大量红染，天狼星红黄染(图2D-F)，充分说明该材料仅有骨传导功能并无骨诱导功能。利用三维可视化技术，这些新生类骨质的三维形态得以显现(图3)。从三维角度解析了其形态，这为进一步定量分析提供新的思路。"

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