Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research ›› 2026, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (28): 7340-7346.doi: 10.12307/2026.813

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Hedgehog signaling pathway and diabetic osteoporosis: a potential target for specific drug therapy

Tian Tan1, Bao Shanjun2   

  1. 1School of Graduate, 2School of Sports Training, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan 430079, Hubei Province, China

  • Received:2025-08-14 Revised:2025-12-05 Online:2026-10-08 Published:2026-02-12
  • Contact: Bao Shanjun, PhD, Professor, School of Sports Training, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan 430079, Hubei Province, China
  • About author:Tian Tan, MS candidate, School of Graduate, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan 430079, Hubei Province, China

Abstract: BACKGROUND: The Hedgehog signaling pathway has been demonstrated to play a crucial role in osteogenesis, promoting osteoblast differentiation and maturation, maintaining bone metabolic homeostasis, enhancing glucose metabolism, and improving insulin resistance, thereby offering therapeutic potential for both osteoporosis and diabetes. Currently, the primary treatment strategy for diabetic osteoporosis involves a combination of hypoglycemic agents and calcium supplements. However, studies indicate that some antidiabetic drugs may disrupt calcium and phosphate balance, accelerating bone loss. Therefore, identifying effective therapeutic targets for diabetic osteoporosis is imperative. 
OBJECTIVE: To explore the relationship between Hedgehog signaling pathway activation and diabetic osteoporosis pathogenesis, providing a reference and theoretical basis for the subsequent development of targeted drugs for diabetic osteoporosis.
METHODS: Literature on the link between Hedgehog signaling pathway transduction and the pathological mechanism of diabetic osteoporosis published from the inception of PubMed and CNKI databases up to July 2025 was retrieved. Chinese and English search terms were “diabetic osteoporosis, hedgehog signaling pathway, osteogenic differentiation, glucose metabolism, Runx2, AGES.” References from the past 5 years were prioritized, and those with weak relevance or duplicate content were excluded based on their arguments and content. A total of 81 articles were finally included for analysis.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Prevention and treatment of diabetic osteoporosis require simultaneous regulation of both bone metabolism and glucose metabolism. Activation of the Hedgehog signaling pathway can promote osteoblast differentiation and increase bone mass by initiating the transcription of the target gene Runt-related transcription factor 2 and co-regulating with the Wnt signaling pathway. (2) Furthermore, the expression of the Hedgehog signaling pathway also promotes the activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-protein kinase B and adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase signaling pathways and reduces advanced glycation end products. Activation of these two signaling pathways can promote glucose transport and utilization and enhance glucose metabolism. Advanced glycation end products are a significant cause of stress response. A decrease in advanced glycation end products can improve stress response, inhibit pancreatic β-cell apoptosis, and maintain glucose homeostasis.

Key words: diabetic osteoporosis, Hedgehog signaling pathway, osteogenic differentiation, glucose metabolism, Runt-related transcription factor 2, advanced glycation end products

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