Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research ›› 2025, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (6): 1257-1264.doi: 10.12307/2025.308

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General pattern of GSK3/Nrf2-regulated biological rhythms in organismal aging 

Chen Yilin, Jiang Xiaobo, Qu Honglin, Liu Ruilian   

  1. School of Physical Education, Yichun University, Yichun 336000, Jiangxi Province, China
  • Received:2024-01-29 Accepted:2024-04-09 Online:2025-02-28 Published:2024-06-22
  • Contact: Jiang Xiaobo, Lecturer, School of Physical Education, Yichun University, Yichun 336000, Jiangxi Province, China
  • About author:Chen Yilin, PhD, Lecturer, School of Physical Education, Yichun University, Yichun 336000, Jiangxi Province, China
  • Supported by:
    Science and Technology Program Project of Jiangxi Provincial Health Commission, No. SKJP202212703 (to CYL); Science and Technology Program Project of Jiangxi Provincial Department of Education, No. GJJ190873 (to CYL) 

Abstract:
BACKGROUND:
Disruption of biological rhythms (circadian rhythms) is a typical problem associated with aging. Maintaining the normal function of biological rhythms may be a promising anti-aging strategy. Expression of nuclear factor erthroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is biologically regulated. The glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) system represents a “regulatory valve” that controls subtle oscillations in Nrf2 levels. Circadian changes in the transcript levels of antioxidant genes can influence the response of organisms to oxidative stress. However, the specific molecular mechanism of GSK3/Nrf2 in regulating organismal aging is still puzzling. 
OBJECTIVE: To search for the general pattern of GSK3/Nrf2-regulated biological rhythms in organismal aging by reviewing the literature in this field. 
METHODS: The bibliographic method was used to search, review and screen the relevant literature using the keywords of “glycogen synthase kinase 3, nuclear factor erthroid 2-related factor 2, biorhythms and aging” to lay a theoretical foundation for the analysis of the whole paper. Comparative analysis method, through reading and analyzing the obtained literature, was performed to compare the similarities and differences between the literature, thereby providing reasonable theoretical support for the argument. Further comparative analysis of the literature was conducted to clarify the relationship between the relevant indicators as well as the ideas for analysis throughout the text.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: GSK3 can indirectly regulate Nrf2 expression through the regulation of rhythm genes. GSK3 and Nrf2 are components of anti-aging programs and are associated with biological rhythms. In addition, GSK3/Nrf2 is involved in several metabolic pathways, including those associated with age-related diseases (type 2 diabetes and cancer) and neurodegenerative diseases.

Key words: glycogen synthase kinase 3, nuclear factor erthroid 2-related factor 2, biological rhythm, aging, neurodegenerative disease

CLC Number: