Immunomodulation of extracellular matrix and its role in tissue regeneration

doi:10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2873

Abstract

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: In biological organisms, there is a mutual regulation between the extracellular matrix and immune system. Immune cells are involved in the continuous remodeling of the extracellular matrix. Proteins and cytokines in the extracellular matrix influence the adhesion, migration, proliferation and differentiation of immune cells.

OBJECTIVE: To review the immunomodulatory effect and mechanism of the extracellular matrix that sends immunomodulatory signals, participates in immune response and is rich in immunoreactive factors.

METHODS: The authors searched the articles published from 2002-2019 in PubMed and CNKI with the keywords of “extracellular matrix, immune regulation, immune microenvironment; tissue regeneration” in English and Chinese, respectively. Articles irrelevant to the purpose of the present article, and articles of low quality and repeatability were excluded, and 60 articles were finally selected for review.

RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The extracellular matrix can not only provide structural support for tissue cells in normal physiological activities, and its rich protein components and immunoreactive molecules also play an indispensable role in immune regulation when the body responds to external stimuli. The extracellular matrix can participate in the immune response in both steady-state and pathological state, provide a suitable microenvironment for tissue regeneration and play a role in tissue repair and regeneration. Allogeneic tissue or organ transplantation is mainly used in the clinical reconstruction of damaged or defected tissues and organs, but usually cannot achieve good results due to shortage of donors and transplant rejection. Tissue engineering technology provides a new direction for the reconstruction of damaged tissues and organs. However, there are still many problems to be further studied, including the mechanism of extracellular matrix in tissue regeneration, optimized application method, standardized preparation and industrialization of extracellular matrix bioscaffolds.

Key words: immune cells, extracellular matrix, immune, immunomodulation, immune microenvironment, cytokine, extracellular matrix protein, tissue regeneration

CLC Number:

Yang Wenxiao, Yang Ning, Liu Yao. Immunomodulation of extracellular matrix and its role in tissue regeneration[J]. Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research, 2020, 24(35): 5701-5707.

Figures/Tables 2

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