Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research ›› 2017, Vol. 21 ›› Issue (36): 5892-5897.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2017.36.026
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Zhao Jun, Xin Hong-jie, Xue Hui-qin, Zang Yuan-tong, Yan Jin-yu, Li Jian-feng
Received:
2017-07-28
Online:
2017-12-28
Published:
2018-01-04
Contact:
Li Jian-feng, M.D., Associate chief physician, Department of Rehabilitation, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010030, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
About author:
Zhao Jun, Nurse, Department of Rehabilitation, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010030, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
Supported by:
the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 81560212; the Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, No. 2015MS0898
CLC Number:
Zhao Jun, Xin Hong-jie, Xue Hui-qin, Zang Yuan-tong, Yan Jin-yu, Li Jian-feng. Application status of small interfering RNA in spinal cord injury[J]. Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research, 2017, 21(36): 5892-5897.
RNA干扰是指在生物细胞内,由双链RNA介导同源序列mRNA的特异性降解,从而在转录后水平引起基因沉默的现象。在哺乳动物功能缺失表型的研究中,RNA干扰可以通过同源重组有效地插入诱变基因或进行基因敲除。而且由于其在基因组学基因功能翻译中的重要作用,RNA干扰也可以用于高通量的遗传学研究。双链RNA通常是初始RNA干扰途径的起始,Dicer酶将双链RNA切为21-23 nt的非编码siRNA,诱导了靶mRNA的特异性降解。RNA干扰常常利用保守分子机制生成外源性长双链RNA或内源性microRNAs (miRNAs)来抑制同源基因的表达。内源性siRNA是细胞的正常成分,这些内源性siRNA使细胞能够抵御转座子移位和病毒侵 袭[10],其前体在核内自身折叠形成发夹RNA,被酶切成21-23 nt的siRNA后释放进人胞浆。在解旋酶的参入下,siRNA 被解链为正义链和反义链,其中反义链与核酸内"
外切酶、解旋酶与和同源RNA 搜索活性蛋白等核酸复合物共同构成RNA 诱导的沉默复合体,见图1。Dicer酶、siRNA以及Argonaute蛋白等多种生物大分子构成RNA诱导沉默复合体。其中Argonaute蛋白是RNA 诱导的沉默复合体的核心蛋白,Argonaute蛋白组成了一个高度保守的蛋白家族,包括许多成员,它们组成了RNA诱导沉默复合体的核心元件,是RNA干扰所必须的结 构[11]。并有两个主要的结构域,PIWI是RNA诱导沉默复合体中的酶切割活性中心,PAZ为siRNA的传递提供结合位点。siRNA是RNA诱导沉默复合体完成特异性切割作用的向导,通常在RNA诱导沉默复合体中虽然只包含siRNA的一条链,但siRNA在RNA诱导沉默复合体形成过程中的双链结构是保证RNA干扰效应的决定因 素[12-13]。链接在催化剂的作用下进行重新分割,将mRNA补充到siRNA当中,形成了特异性序列的基因沉默从而抑制蛋白合成。RNA干扰因其在阻断基因表达方面具有高特异性、高效性、浓度依赖性等优点,从而为特定基因功能的研究以及进行基因治疗提供了一种新途径。"
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