Biomechanical comparison of personalized titanium femoral prosthesis fabricated by three-dimensional printing to four types of cementless prosthesis

doi:10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.1399

Abstract

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: The vigorous development of metal three-dimensional (3D) printing additional manufacturing technology has brought new opportunities for the development of personalized prosthesis in orthopedics, but whether its biomechanical properties meet the clinical needs remains to be further studied.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the biomechanical characteristics of titanium femoral prosthesis fabricated by electron beam melting 3D metal printing to four types of cementless prosthesis as SR modular prosthesis, rectangular prosthesis, cylindrical prosthesis and tapered prosthesis.

METHODS: The STL files of personalized femoral prosthesis, SR modular prosthesis, cylindrical prosthesis, rectangle prosthesis and tapered femoral prosthesis were exported to UG 8.0 software. Three-dimensional model was reconstructed and bad point and cavity were repaired to get the satisfied 3D STL format files. The digitized femoral prosthesis was implanted into femoral medullary cavity in accordance with the standard operative requirements. The five femoral prostheses with finite element mesh and node were divided by using Ansys 10.0 software and the prosthetic materials were assigned. The biomechanical characteristics of the five kinds of femoral prosthesis including stress distribution, interface stress, initial micromovement and stress shielding in simulating two states as bipedal standing still and walking slowly were compared.

RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Stress distribution: When standing still with double feet, positive stress of 3D printing personalized femoral prosthesis was only slightly higher than the tapered prosthesis (10.83%). Compared with SR modular prosthesis, the positive stresses of rectangle prosthesis and tapered femoral prosthesis were lower 45.65%, 15.20% and 41.18%, respectively. Compared with the SR modular prosthesis, personalized femoral prosthesis shear stresses of rectangle prosthesis, cylindrical prosthesis and tapered femoral prosthesis were lower 58.53%, 38.91%, 15.64% and 37.55%. When in low-speed walking condition, the positive stress of personalized prosthesis was lower than SR modular prosthesis and higher than the other three types of standardized prosthesis. Shear stress was lower than SR and rectangular prosthesis (25.78%, 62.50%) and higher than cylindrical and tapered prostheses (35.74%, 15.82%). (2) Stress shielding: When standing still with double feet, the rate of proximal stress shielding of personalized femoral prosthesis was minimum, lower than the SR, rectangular, cylindrical and tapered prostheses about 56.21%, 41.88%, 23.92% and 17.98%, respectively. When in low-speed walking condition, the rate of proximal stress shielding of personalized femoral prosthesis was minimum, lower than the SR, rectangular, cylindrical and tapered prostheses about 56.84%, 31.10%, 20.45% and 16.69%, respectively. (3) Prosthesis micromotion: When standing still with double feet, horizontal micromotion of personalized femoral prosthesis was higher than the other femoral stems, the maximum value was 26.4 μm, in the micromotion range of bone ingrowth; the vertical micromotion was lower than the other four prostheses. When in low-speed walking condition, the horizontal micromotion femoral prosthesis was higher than the other femoral prosthesis, the maximum micromotion value was 172 μm; the vertical micromotion was slightly lower than cylindrical prosthesis (1.45%) and slightly higher than SR, rectangular, and tapered prostheses (16.10%, 23.67%, 1.54%) respectively. (4) The stress shielding of proximal femur by electron beam melting metal 3D printing femoral prosthesis is lower than that of the other four types of standard prosthesis and stress distribution is better than SR modular prosthesis. The initial micromovement is slightly higher than that of other standard prosthesis, but it is within the range of bone in-growth.

Key words: femoral prosthesis, three-dimensional metal printing, finite element analysis, biomechanics, stress shielding, the National Natural Science Foundation of China

CLC Number:

R445.3|R318.01|R459.9

Liu Hongwei, Jiang Junfeng, Zhang Yunkun, Xu Nanwei, Wang Caimei, Zhang Wen. Biomechanical comparison of personalized titanium femoral prosthesis fabricated by three-dimensional printing to four types of cementless prosthesis[J]. Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research, 2019, 23(32): 5151-5157.

Figures/Tables 5

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