Medication patterns for traditional Chinese medicine in children with cerebral palsy: an analysis based on medical records and literature

doi:10.12307/2026.852

Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research ›› 2026, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (34): 9081-9087.doi: 10.12307/2026.852

Medication patterns for traditional Chinese medicine in children with cerebral palsy: an analysis based on medical records and literature

Zou Yuxiong1, 2, Liu Ying1, Liu Xiaomeng2, Gu Nan2, Zhu Yue2, Zhu Jintai2, Li Shuming2, Ao Meiying2, Liu Qian1, 2, He Yuan1

1Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330000, Jiangxi Province, China; 2Discipline of Chinese and Western Integrative Medicine, Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Institute for Children Health & Drug Innovation, Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Hemangioma of Jiangxi Provincial Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, Jiangxi Province, China

Received:2025-10-15 Revised:2026-01-19 Online:2026-12-08 Published:2026-04-15
Contact: He Yuan, MS, Attending physician, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330000, Jiangxi Province, China Co-corresponding author: Ao Meiying, PhD, Professor, Discipline of Chinese and Western Integrative Medicine, Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Institute for Children Health & Drug Innovation, Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Hemangioma of Jiangxi Provincial Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, Jiangxi Province, China Co-corresponding author: Liu Qian, Doctoral supervisor, Professor, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330000, Jiangxi Province, China; Discipline of Chinese and Western Integrative Medicine, Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Institute for Children Health & Drug Innovation, Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Hemangioma of Jiangxi Provincial Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, Jiangxi Province, China
About author:Zou Yuxiong, MS, Physician, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330000, Jiangxi Province, China; Discipline of Chinese and Western Integrative Medicine, Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Institute for Children Health & Drug Innovation, Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Hemangioma of Jiangxi Provincial Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, Jiangxi Province, China
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 82060658 (to AMY); Key Research and Development Program of National Key Laboratories, No. 20243BCC31008 (to LQ); Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine Scientific Research Cultivation Project, No. 2023ZDPY001 (to LQ); Innovative Research Team on Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Pediatric Diseases and Health Protection, No. CXTD22014 (to LQ); University-Level Teaching Reform Project of Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, No. 2022jzyx-2 (to AMY)

Abstract

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital has over 20 years of experience in treating cerebral palsy in children with traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). To date, no systematic analysis of TCM medication patterns has been conducted.
OBJECTIVE: To analyze the TCM syndrome types of children with cerebral palsy based on medical records and literature, and to explore TCM treatment approaches and medication patterns for children with cerebral palsy.
METHODS: Evidence-based search strategies were employed to retrieve and manage relevant literature and medical records of TCM treatment for children with cerebral palsy. Bibliometric techniques were utilized to mine and analyze various data features. VOSviewer software was utilized to generate visual knowledge maps. Association rule analysis of TCM was conducted using IBM SPSS Modeler software. Radar diagrams were applied to analyze the four natures and five flavors of Chinese materia medica.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) A total of 503 medical records and 90 articles were included in the study. (2) The analysis of TCM syndrome types revealed that the primary feature among children with cerebral palsy was a deficiency in the liver and kidney. (3) Analysis of intervention measures demonstrated that external treatments were the most frequently employed in medical records and the literature. In contrast, internal drug treatments, specifically those drugs that nourish the liver and kidneys, were most prevalent. (4) The analysis of medication rules indicated that among the top 20 medicines utilized in medical records and literature, the duplication rate for high-frequency medicines (n=12) was 60%. Additionally, the support degree levels for the two pairs of Dioscorea opposita Thunb. and Poria cocos (Schw.) Wolf, and Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata and Poria cocos(Schw.) Wolf exceeded 82.50%, suggesting a significant correlation between these two pairs of herbs. The majority of Chinese medicines prescribed for children with cerebral palsy exhibited warm properties, followed by flat and cold; they were primarily sweet, followed by bitter and spicy; the liver and kidney meridians were the most significant meridians, followed by spleen, heart, and lung meridians; and all of them were basically non-toxic. These findings indicate that children with cerebral palsy mainly exhibit liver and kidney deficiency. Most of the prescriptions used in TCM clinical practice and related clinical studies in TCM are aimed at tonifying the liver and kidneys. Among these, Liuwei Dihuang Pills and its derivatives are the most frequently prescribed. Notably, the combinations of Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata with Faria cocos(Schw.) Wolf and Dioscorea opposita Thunb. with Faria cocos(Schw.) Wolf are the most commonly used and reliable pairs. The herbs primarily exhibit warm and sweet properties and target the liver and kidney meridians.

Key words: children with cerebral palsy, traditional Chinese medicine, medication pattern, retrospective study of medical records, literature study, Apriori rules, cluster analysis, four natures and five flavors

CLC Number:

Zou Yuxiong, Liu Ying, Liu Xiaomeng, Gu Nan, Zhu Yue, Zhu Jintai, Li Shuming, Ao Meiying, Liu Qian, He Yuan. Medication patterns for traditional Chinese medicine in children with cerebral palsy: an analysis based on medical records and literature[J]. Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research, 2026, 30(34): 9081-9087.

Figures/Tables 5

最高；而口服药物频次则仅次于康复训练，在口服药物中中药频次占80.77%，见图3B。 2.4 中药用药规律 2.4.1 常用方剂统计分析治疗儿童脑瘫的方剂使用频次，遴选出常用方剂，为临床遣方用药提供参考。此研究对病历及文献中常用的中药复方使用频次统计分析，分别纳入处方520首与117首，统计使用频次前10的中药方。在病历中使用频次最高的3类方剂为脑瘫院内自拟方(252次)(自拟方组成：熟地黄、淮山药、茯苓、牡丹皮、泽泻、杜仲、木瓜、鸡血藤、钩藤、僵蚕、白芍、丹参、甘草、山茱萸)、补益肝肾剂(203次)、丹红注射液(43次)，尤其是脑瘫院内自拟方与补益肝肾剂的使用频次远远高于其他方剂，且这2个方剂功效皆以补益肝肾为主，丹红注射液则以活血为主。在病历中使用频次排第八的六味地黄丸功效亦为补益肝肾，见图4A。在文献中使用频次最高的2个方剂则为六味地黄丸(6次)与健脑益智散(4次)，其余使用频次前10的另外8个方剂皆并列第三，其中使用频次最多的六味地黄丸与使用频次第三的补肾地黄丸功效皆为补益肝肾，见图4B。 2.4.2 单味中药使用频次治疗儿童脑瘫的中药复方常由数位中药组成，分析高频药物可知治疗儿童脑瘫的主要药物种类。病历与文献中分别使用中药6 303味与1 065味，中药种类分别为201种与162种。由统计结果可知：病历中使用频次前20味中药由高至低分别是茯苓、泽泻、牡丹皮、山茱萸、熟地黄、甘草、山药、木瓜、鸡血藤、杜仲、钩藤、白芍、丹参、僵蚕、当归、陈皮、紫河车、川牛膝、石菖蒲、枸杞子，见图5A。文献中使用频次前20味中药由高至低分别是伸筋草、白芍、茯苓、黄芪、鸡血藤、当归、透骨草、山药、桂枝、木瓜、白术、熟地黄、川芎、丹参、红花、牛膝、山茱萸、川牛膝、杜仲、甘草，见图5B。在病历与文献中使用频次前20味药中，二者皆含有的药物有：熟地黄、山茱萸、山药、茯苓、川牛膝、丹参、杜仲、木瓜、鸡血藤、白芍、当归以及甘草12味药，由此可见，无论是病历或者是文献中，单味中药使用相似度较高。 2.4.3 药物关联规则中药方剂组成有着一定的规则，为进一步探究配伍规则，基于Apriori算法分析用药规律[20-23]。将弱链上限设置为10，强链下限设置为20，最小支持度设置为10%，最小置信度设置为80%，并且将最大前因设置为5。对此研究所涉及的药材进行了关联规则分析，并各截取实例前19组药物展示。其中“频数”代表2种中药在所有中药复方中出现的频率，“支持度”代表2种中药同时出现的概率。“置信度”是“草药B”在含有“草药A”的复合物中出现的可能性，用来衡量关联规则的置信度，支持度越高，说明该中药组合的使用频率越高；置信度越高，说明该中药组合的可靠性越好。在病历的药物组合中，支持度最高的相关药物组合为山药-茯苓；熟地-茯苓；山茱萸-茯苓；牡丹皮-茯苓；泽泻-茯苓5组药对，说明在病历中这5组药对使用频率最高；置信度最高的则为泽泻-牡丹皮，说明在病历中这组药对最可靠。在文献的药物组合中，支持度最高的相关药物组合为鸡血藤-伸筋草，说明在文献中这组药对使用频率最高；置信度最高的相关药物组合则为伸筋草-透骨草，说明在病历中这组药对最可靠，见表1。综合病历与文献中的Apriori算法可知，山药与茯苓、熟地与茯苓2个药对皆位于二者实例前19之中，且此2个药对支持度皆位于前19，置信度百分比皆高于82.50%，见表1。此外，结合病历与文献关联规则网络图可知：山药与茯苓、熟地与茯苓相关联性更高，见图6A，B。 2.4.4 治疗儿童脑瘫药物的四气、五味与归经中药药性理论是中药基本理论的核心，包括四气、五味、归经、有毒无毒等[24-26]。根据前期常用药材的统计结果，将雷达图的边缘设置为统计频率。对所有药物的性味、归经及药物毒性进行统计。由统计结果可知：病历四气以温(出现频次2 441次，占比38.87%)为主，平(出现频次1 780次，占比28.34%)、寒(出现频次1 705次，占比27.15%)次之；文献病历以温(出现频次564次，占比53.16%)为主，平(出现频次268次，占比25.26%)、寒(出现频次188次，占比17.72%)次之。病历五味以甘(出现频次3 631次，占比37.25%)为主，苦(出现频次"

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Medication patterns for traditional Chinese medicine in children with cerebral palsy: an analysis based on medical records and literature

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