Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research ›› 2026, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (4): 917-925.doi: 10.12307/2026.530

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Effect of macrophage polarization on osteogenesis-angiogenesis coupling in type 2 diabetic osteoporosis

Cao Wenqi1, Feng Xiuzhi1, Zhao Yi1, Wang Zhimin2, Chen Yiran1, Yang Xiao3, Ren Yanling1   

  1. 1Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang 110847, Liaoning Province, China; 2Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang 110033, Liaoning Province, China; 3The Second Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang 110034, Liaoning Province, China
  • Received:2024-11-25 Accepted:2025-01-25 Online:2026-02-08 Published:2025-05-20
  • Contact: Ren Yanling, PhD, Professor, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang 110847, Liaoning Province, China
  • About author:Cao Wenqi, PhD candidate, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang 110847, Liaoning Province, China
  • Supported by:
    the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 82174260 (to RYL); the Joint Fund for Doctoral Research Initiation Project of Liaoning Provincial Science and Technology Department, No. 2023-BSBA-224 (to FXZ)

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a secondary causative factor for osteoporosis. As highly heterogeneous innate immune cells, macrophages may be polarized in a hyperglycemic environment, which affects osteogenesis-angiogenesis coupling. This may be a research target for improving bone quality in patients with type 2 diabetic osteoporosis.
OBJECTIVE: To explore the role of modulating macrophage M1/M2 polarization to influence osteogenesis-angiogenesis coupling in type 2 diabetic osteoporosis and to summarize the effects of commonly used anti-glucose and anti-osteoporosis drugs and bone biorepair materials on bone osteogenesis-angiogenesis coupling by regulating macrophage M1/M2 polarization.
METHODS: The keywords of “macrophage polarization, type 2 diabetes, osteoporosis, osteogenesis-angiogenesis coupling” in Chinese and “macrophages, macrophage polarization, osteogenesis-angiogenesis coupling” in English were used to search for relevant literature in CNKI and PubMed, respectively. Seventy-nine pieces of literature were screened and analyzed.  
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Type 2 diabetes mellitus causes the body to be in a hyperglycemic environment and increases the secretion of inflammatory-related factors in the body, which promotes macrophage polarization towards M1 and decreases the number of M2 macrophages. (2) In type 2 diabetes, promoting M2 macrophage polarization is beneficial for osteogenesis-angiogenesis coupling. (3) Some anti-glycemic drugs, active ingredients in traditional Chinese medicine and bone biorepair materials can improve type 2 diabetic osteoporosis by regulating macrophage M1/M2 polarization, reducing M1/M2 ratio, and promoting osteogenesis-angiogenesis coupling.

Key words: macrophages, macrophage polarization, type 2 diabetic osteoporosis, osteogenesis-angiogenesis coupling, M1 macrophages, M2 macrophages, immunomodulation

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