Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research ›› 2024, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (32): 5159-5166.doi: 10.12307/2024.515
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Yang Juncong1, Huang Rui1, Wu Xie1
Received:
2023-09-21
Accepted:
2023-10-27
Online:
2024-11-18
Published:
2023-12-29
Contact:
Wu Xie, Professor, Doctoral supervisor, School of Sports and Health, Shanghai University of Sports, Shanghai 200438, China
About author:
Yang Juncong, Master candidate, School of Sports and Health, Shanghai University of Sports, Shanghai 200438, China
Supported by:
CLC Number:
Yang Juncong, Huang Rui, Wu Xie. Visualization of the biomechanical characteristics of long-distance running landing patterns[J]. Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research, 2024, 28(32): 5159-5166.
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共被引强度第1位的被引文献热点主要阐述习惯裸足跑步者与习惯穿鞋跑步者的足着地模式模式和碰撞力差异[11],提供有关何种模式更适合跑步者的重要见解,这对于改善跑步表现和降低受伤风险非常关键。 共被引强度第2位的被引文献热点着重研究了裸足和穿鞋跑步对跑者生物力学和生理学的影响[12],包括足着地模式、肌肉活动、能量消耗等方面。这些因素直接关系到跑步者的表现和身体健康,对于跑步社区和科学界都至关重要。 共被引强度第3位的被引文献热点不仅比较了普通跑者和亚精英跑者不同的足着地模式[13],而且强调了长距离公路赛对跑者的足着地模式有着特殊要求,了解在长距离比赛中不同水平跑者的足着地模式可以提供如何改善跑步技术和训练的实际见解。 共被引强度第4,5和第8位的被引文献热点主要是系统回顾跑步过程中足着地模式的生物力学差异,探讨改变跑步时的足着地模式是否对跑者及耐力跑者有益[14-16],以及改变足着地模式可能涉及的风险。权衡这两方面的因素,为跑者及耐力跑者提供关于采用不同足着地模式的决策依据。 有关何种足着地模式最有益于跑者的争论一直存在,跑者常常试图通过改变足着地模式来改善表现或减少损伤风险,因此强度第6位的被引文献主要关注了这一争议[5],并侧重寻求对于跑者是否应该改变足着地模式的答案,这将对于跑步策略选择和训练指导提供了重要信息。 共被引强度第7位的被引文献热点在于步态再训练对新手长跑运动员损伤发生的长期效果影响,旨在通过调整跑步技术来减少损伤风险[17]。了解如何降低新手长跑运动员的损伤发生率对于跑者的健康和继续锻炼至关重要。 共被引强度第9位的被引文献热点在于探讨在跑步过程中足着地模式是否比裸足或穿鞋更为重要的话题[18]。权衡这3个要素之间的关系,以确定哪一个因素对跑者和教练更有实际意义。 共被引强度第10位的被引文献热点在于探讨前足着地者与后足着地者之间在跑步时对膝关节负荷的影响差异[19]。为跑步者提供了关于如何选择适当的足着地模式以降低膝关节负荷的实际建议。 2.6 关键词分析 2.6.1 关键词共现图谱分析 关键词共现是基于文献内容,从文章中提取出关键词,并对文章中高频关键词进行分析,常能够探寻到该领域的研究热点[20]。对 Web of Science核心集数据库文献进行分析,以关键词为节点,得到节点数178,连线数1 457 的关键词共现图谱。如图5所示,频次前5位的关键词是裸足跑(260次)、跑者(207次)、损伤(170次)、足着地模式(162次)和运动学(134次)。中心性前 5位的关键词是裸足跑(0.13)、力学(0.11)、步行(0.11)、损伤(0.11)和地面反作用力(0.10)。"
2.6.2 关 键 词 聚 类 图 谱分析 在关键词共现基础上,通过 CiteSpace的 LLR算法对关键词聚类,可更清楚地了解到足着地模式的主要研究内容[21]。对 Web of Science核心集数据库文献的关键词聚类,可得到 7 个关键词聚类标签。如图 6 所示,Modularity Q 值约为 0.35,表示聚类结构显著,可清晰界定各个聚类的研究方向;Mean Silhouette 值约为 0.64,表明聚类间同质性较好且聚类结果合理。聚类标签中,数字越小,聚类中包含的关键词越多[8]。根据聚类中包含的具体关键词总结归纳,可根据其研究主题重新命名,#0步行、#1步频、#2足着地模式、#3能量消耗、#4裸足跑。其中聚类#0的研究重点在于步行过程中的多个方面。它包括支撑期、步态分析、人体运动、生物力学研究、特别关注膝关节的动力学表现,以及步行过程中的姿势及其与跑步损伤以及跟腱疾病之间的关联。这些方面的研究有助于深入了解步行运动和与之相关的健康问题。聚类#1的研究重点包括步行和跑步领域的多个方面,它涵盖了步频、足着地模式、地面反作用力、跑步技术、危险因素、步态再训练、肌力以及相关研究的有效性。这些研究有助于深入了解跑步过程中的关键因素,包括技术、生物力学和潜在风险因素,以及改进跑步表现和预防跑步相关损伤的方法。聚类#2 的研究聚焦于足着地模式、肌肉活动性以及与前足和后足相关的主题。它还研究了极简鞋和它们对足着地模式的影响,以及足部的吸收能力和力量。这些研究有助于理解不同足着地模式、鞋类选择以及肌肉活动性对运动过程和生物力学的影响。聚类#3 专注于研究与跑步和步行表现相关的关键因素。这包括能量消耗、动能学、步频、疲劳、跑步经济性、步长以及速度。这些研究有助于理解在不同速度和距离下的能量效率,以及如何改进跑步表现和减轻疲劳,从而提高运动者的运动经济性。聚类#4的研究聚焦于裸足跑这一主题,探讨了裸足跑和传统跑步方式之间的运动学差异和足底压力。研究还关注了裸足跑对跑步力学和马拉松等长距离跑步活动中潜在损伤的影响。这有助于更好地了解裸足跑对跑者的生物力学和健康产生的影响,以及如何最大程度地减少潜在的伤害。从时间轴来看,聚类#0、#1、#2和#3的研究至今仍持续的火热。这表明这些领域的研究仍然在不断发展和吸引着学术界和运动界的关注,为文章提供了更多关于步行、跑步、生物力学和运动表现的有效信息。"
2.6.3 关键词突现分析 引用突变词(Citation Bursts)是指含该关键词的文献在短时间内被大量引用,可展现该阶段的研究现状,同时反映出后一阶段的研究热点[22]。针对 Web of Science核心集数据库文献,突变词分析如图 7 所示,文章将研究分为两个阶段,第一阶段(2010-2016年)出现的主要突现词有跑步站立阶段、演变、裸足跑、力、女子跑步运动员、损伤预防、马拉松、应力骨折、跑步不同阶段、穿鞋条件,其中马拉松(6.34)的强度最大。第二阶段(2016-2019年)出现的主要突现词有穿鞋跑步运动员、运动、极简跑、跑步经济性、冲击力、能量成本,其中穿鞋跑步运动员(7.82)的强度最大。第三阶段(2019-2023年)出现的主要突现词有跑步机、动力学、步频、步态再训练、跑步鞋、稳定性、危险因素、足着地模式,其中稳定性(6.17)的强度最大。此外,“动力学”是2019年持续至今的热点关键词,“步频、步态再训练”是2020年持续至今的热点关键词,“稳定性、危险因素、足着地模式”是2021年持续至今的热点关键词。"
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