Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research ›› 2022, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (12): 1828-1833.doi: 10.12307/2022.503

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Biomechanical properties of adult biceps and triceps under real-time dynamic stretching

Huang Tao1, Liu Xiaoyun1, Deng Yuping1, Li Yanbing1, Zhong Shizhen1, Huang Wenhua1, 2   

  1. 1Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Translation of Medical 3D Printing Application, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Biomechanics, National Key Discipline of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong Province, China; 2Guangdong Medical Innovation Platform for Translation of 3D Printing Application, Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510000, Guangdong Province, China
  • Received:2021-05-11 Revised:2021-05-13 Accepted:2021-07-02 Online:2022-04-28 Published:2021-12-14
  • Contact: Zhong Shizhen, Academician, Doctoral supervisor, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Translation of Medical 3D Printing Application, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Biomechanics, National Key Discipline of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong Province, China Huang Wenhua, Professor, Doctoral supervisor, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Translation of Medical 3D Printing Application, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Biomechanics, National Key Discipline of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong Province, China; Guangdong Medical Innovation Platform for Translation of 3D Printing Application, Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510000, Guangdong Province, China
  • About author:Huang Tao, Master candidate, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Translation of Medical 3D Printing Application, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Biomechanics, National Key Discipline of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong Province, China
  • Supported by:
    National Key Research and Development Program, No. 2017YFC1103400 (to HWH); Guangdong Science and Technology Planning Project, No. 2016B090917001 (to HWH); Guangdong Science and Technology Planning Project, No. 2018B090944002 (to LYB); Shenzhen Medical and Health “Three Famous Project” High-Level Medical Team, No. SZSM201612019 (to HWH)

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Abstract: BACKGROUND: Passive stiffness of muscle is the basic data to guide the research and development of tissue engineering materials, injury transplantation and repair. However, the previous experimental data, such as material research and development, are mostly from animals, and there are few reports on the mechanical properties of human skeletal muscle. By comparing and analyzing the biomechanical properties of adult and pig flexor and extensor muscles, it provides basic human body data for the development of bionic material.  
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the biomechanical properties of adult biceps and triceps muscularis under real-time dynamic stretching, and compare them with pig foreleg flexors and extensors to explore the biomechanical differences between human materials and animal materials. It provides reference for research and development of a bionic material.
METHODS:  The test specimens were taken from fresh forelegs of 10 pigs and 6 specimens of human upper limbs, and dissected along the direction of muscle fibers to obtain the largest flexors and extensors of the forelegs of pigs, as well as human biceps and triceps. Samples were sectioned to 10 mm thick, 10 mm wide, 50 mm long and nine black spots were marked on the surface of the sample for the quasi-static tensile testing. The optical non-contact method was adopted to calculate the distance change between the labeled points, measure the strain, and calculate the stress response.  
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The internal strain of biceps brachii, triceps brachii, flexor muscle and extensor muscle showed uneven distribution during stretching. Triceps brachii, biceps brachii and flexor Cauchy stress-strain showed a nonlinear “S”-type increase. The Cauchy stress-strain of extensor muscle increased linearly. When draw ratio >1.2, under the same strain, the stress of human muscle was much higher than pig muscle. For analysis of variance F=2 870.346, there was statistical significance between pairings of four kinds of muscles (P < 0.001). Under real-time dynamic stretching, there were statistically significant differences in the biomechanical properties of the maximum flexor and extensor muscles of the forelegs of pigs and adult biceps and triceps. The stiffness in descending order was the biceps brachii, triceps brachii, pig flexor, and pig extensor. The flexor stiffness of human rump is greater than that of extensor muscle.

Key words: skeletal muscle, biomechanics, nonlinear, biceps brachii, triceps brachii, human, pig

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