Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research ›› 2021, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (27): 4401-4407.doi: 10.12307/2021.204

Previous Articles     Next Articles

Mechanism and treatment of osteolysis around artificial joint prosthesis

Wei Congcong, Yao Mengxuan, Yang Meng, Li Huijie   

  1. Department of Orthopedics, the Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050051, Hebei Province, China
  • Received:2020-11-27 Revised:2020-12-04 Accepted:2021-01-07 Online:2021-09-28 Published:2021-04-10
  • Contact: Li Huijie, MD, Chief physician, Department of Orthopedics, the Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050051, Hebei Province, China
  • About author:Wei Congcong, Master candidate, Department of Orthopedics, the Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050051, Hebei Province, China

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Aseptic loosening of prosthesis and periprosthetic osteolysis seriously affect the service life of artificial hip joint prosthesis, affect the postoperative effect and increase the cost of treatment. The mechanism of aseptic loosening and periprosthetic osteolysis provides a new direction for its treatment.
OBJECTIVE: To review the mechanism and treatment of periprosthetic osteolysis.
METHODS: A computer-based online search of PubMed, Web of Science, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure was performed to retrieve studies regarding aseptic loosening and periprosthetic osteolysis published between March 2000 and September 2020 with the search terms “periprosthetic osteolysis” “aseptic loosening”. Finally, 69 articles were included. 
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Key points that may alter the implant-induced response are: macrophage polarization; osteoclastogenic cell signaling by periprosthetic cells; receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand-mediated osteoclastogenesis; nuclear factor kappa B and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways involved in inflammation/osteoclastogenesis; and extension of periprosthetic membrane necrosis and apoptosis. (2) Mechanical factors such as repetitive stress/strain may also contribute to periprosthetic osteolysis; however, these factors are difficult to change. (3) A detailed understanding of the pathophysiology of periprosthetic osteolysis opens new possibilities for preventive measures that could significantly reduce periprosthetic osteolysis and aseptic loosening rates after prosthetic joint replacement in the future.

Key words: arthroplasty, periprosthetic osteolysis, aseptic loosening, macrophages, osteoclasts, osteoblasts, granules

CLC Number: