中国组织工程研究

中国组织工程研究 ›› 2026, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (20): 5229-5242.doi: 10.12307/2026.157

• 水凝胶材料Hydrogel materials • 上一篇    下一篇

具有光热效应复合水凝胶的制备及抗菌性能

崔  杰1，2，廖若涵1，张成栋1，李兴平2，匙  峰3，罗栩伟1，蒲  超2，张  波1，肖东琴1   

  1. 1川北医学院第二临床学院，南充市中心医院骨科，组织工程与干细胞研究所，四川省南充市   637000；2成飞医院骨科，四川省成都市   610091；3西华师范大学组织修复材料工程技术协同创新中心，四川省南充市   637000
  • 接受日期:2025-05-19 出版日期:2026-07-18 发布日期:2025-11-27
  • 通讯作者: 李兴平，硕士，主治医师，成飞医院骨科，四川省成都市 610091 张波，博士，主任医师，川北医学院第二临床学院，南充市中心医院骨科，组织工程与干细胞研究所，四川省南充市 637000 肖东琴，博士，副研究员，川北医学院第二临床学院，南充市中心医院骨科，组织工程与干细胞研究所，四川省南充市 637000
  • 作者简介:崔杰，男，1998年生，四川省泸州市人，汉族，川北医学院在读硕士，主要从事骨修复机制研究。
  • 基金资助:
    四川省自然科学基金项目(2023NSFSC1740)，项目负责人：张成栋；南充市市校合作科研项目(22SXJCQN0002)，项目负责人：肖东琴；四川省医学科研课题计划项目(Q22061)，项目负责人：蒲超；通用医疗科研基金项目(TYYLKYJJ-2022-051)，项目负责人：李兴平

Preparation and antibacterial properties of composite hydrogels with photothermal effects

Cui Jie1, 2, Liao Ruohan1, Zhang Chengdong1, Li Xingping2, Chi Feng3, Luo Xuwei1, Pu Chao2, Zhang Bo1, Xiao Dongqin1   

  1. 1Department of Orthopedics, Nanchong Central Hospital, Second Clinical College of North Sichuan Medical College, Institute of Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells, Nanchong 637000, Sichuan Province, China; 2Department of Orthopedics, Chengfei Hospital, Chengdu 610091, Sichuan Province, China; 3Collaborative Innovation Center for Tissue Repair Materials Engineering Technology, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637000, Sichuan Province, China
  • Accepted:2025-05-19 Online:2026-07-18 Published:2025-11-27
  • Contact: Li Xingping, MS, Attending physician, Department of Orthopedics, Chengfei Hospital, Chengdu 610091, Sichuan Province, China Zhang Bo, MD, Chief physician, Department of Orthopedics, Nanchong Central Hospital, Second Clinical College of North Sichuan Medical College, Institute of Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells, Nanchong 637000, Sichuan Province, China Xiao Dongqin, MD, Associate researcher, Department of Orthopedics, Nanchong Central Hospital, Second Clinical College of North Sichuan Medical College, Institute of Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells, Nanchong 637000, Sichuan Province, China
  • About author:Cui Jie, Master candidate, Department of Orthopedics, Nanchong Central Hospital, Second Clinical College of North Sichuan Medical College, Institute of Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells, Nanchong 637000, Sichuan Province, China; Department of Orthopedics, Chengfei Hospital, Chengdu 610091, Sichuan Province, China
  • Supported by:
    Sichuan Natural Science Foundation, No. 2023NSFSC1740 (to ZCD); Nanchong City-University Collaborative Research Project, No. 22SXJCQN0002 (to XDQ); Sichuan Provincial Medical Research Project, No. Q22061 (to PC); General Medical Research Foundation, No. TYYLKYJJ-2022-051 (to LXP) 

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摘要：

文题释义：
MXene：是一种由过渡金属碳化物、氮化物或碳氮化物构成的二维层状无机化合物，具有超薄结构和优异的物理化学性质，在光热疗法、抗菌性能、生物成像、生物传感和药物传递等领域得到广泛研究。
光热效应：指材料在接受光照射过程中通过光子能量与晶格相互作用引发温度升高，这种机制能够高效地将光能转化为热能，在医药、能源领域等方面发挥重要作用。

背景：作为一种类似细胞外基质的高含水量聚合物，水凝胶由于良好的生物相容性被广泛应用于各种组织修复，然而单纯水凝胶难以满足临床的复杂情况，如细菌感染、组织再生速度慢等问题，故需要开发具有生物功能的复合水凝胶。
目的：开发具有高效抗菌性能的甲基丙烯酸酰化明胶/MXene/过氧化钙水凝胶，评价该水凝胶的体外光热效应和抗菌性能。
方法：①分别制备甲基丙烯酸酰化明胶溶液、含300 μg/mL MXene的甲基丙烯酸酰化明胶溶液、含5 mg/mL过氧化钙的甲基丙烯酸酰化明胶溶液与含300 μg/mL MXene+5 mg/mL过氧化钙的甲基丙烯酸酰化明胶溶液，加入光引发剂后在365 nm波长紫外光下照射固化5 min，分别得到甲基丙烯酸酰化明胶水凝胶(记为G水凝胶)、甲基丙烯酸酰化明胶/300 μg/mL MXene水凝胶(记为GX水凝胶)、甲基丙烯酸酰化明胶/过氧化钙水凝胶(记为GC水凝胶)、甲基丙烯酸酰化明胶/MXene/过氧化钙水凝胶(记为GXC水凝胶)，表征4组水凝胶的表面形貌、光热性能。 将GC、GXC水凝胶分别浸泡在 PBS中，振动孵育后检测Ca2+释放行为。②将金黄色葡萄球菌悬液分别加入4组水凝胶中共培养，以单独培养的菌液为对照，采用近红外激光(808 nm，1.5 W/cm2)照射5 min(或者不进行近红外激光照射)，通过扫描电镜观察、涂布平板法、活/死染色、5-氰基-2，3-二甲苯基四氮唑氯化物(CTC)染色与活性氧染色检测水凝胶的抗菌性能。③将4组水凝胶分别与大鼠红细胞悬液共孵育，检测溶血率。将4组水凝胶分别与成骨前体细胞MC3T3-E1(或小鼠成纤维细胞L929)共培养，CCK-8检测细胞存活率，活/死染色检测细胞活性。
结果与结论：①扫描电镜下可见4组水凝胶都具有疏松的多孔结构，其中G、GX水凝胶孔隙表面较光滑，GC、GXC水凝胶孔隙表面较粗糙。经近红外激光照射后，GX、GXC水凝胶具有良好的光热性能与光热稳定性，可满足后续光热抗菌需求。GC、GXC水凝胶均能慢释放Ca2+长达20 d。②描电镜观察、涂布平板法、活死染色、CTC染色与活性氧染色检测显示，在无近红外激光照射下，GC、GXC水凝胶展现出良好的抗菌性能；经近红外激光照射后，GX、GC、GXC水凝胶展现出良好的抗菌性能，并且GX、GXC水凝胶的抗菌性能较无近红外光照射情况下显著提高。③4组水凝胶的溶血率均低于5%，具有良好的血液相容性。活/死染色与CCK-8检测显示，4组未显著影响MC3T3-E1细胞与L929细胞存活率与活性，具有良好的细胞相容性。④结果表明，甲基丙烯酸酰化明胶/MXene/过氧化钙水凝胶具有良好的抗菌性能与生物相容性。
https://orcid.org/0009-0000-5470-8088 (崔杰) 

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料；口腔生物材料；纳米材料；缓释材料；材料相容性；组织工程

关键词: composite hydrogel, methacrylated gelatin, infection, antibacterial, photothermal effect, osteogenic precursor cell, mouse fibroblast, biomaterial

Abstract: BACKGROUND: As a high-water-content polymer similar to extracellular matrix, hydrogels are widely used in various tissue repairs due to their excellent biocompatibility. However, pure hydrogels are difficult to meet the complex clinical situations, such as bacterial infection and slow tissue regeneration rate. Therefore, it is necessary to develop bio-functional composite hydrogels.
OBJECTIVE: To develop a methacrylated gelatin/MXene/calcium peroxide hydrogel with high antibacterial properties and evaluate its photothermal effect and antibacterial properties in vitro.
METHODS: (1) Methacrylated gelatin solutions, methacrylated gelatin solutions containing 300 μg/mL MXene, methacrylated gelatin solutions containing 5 mg/mL calcium peroxide, and methacrylated gelatin solutions containing 300 μg/mL MXene and 5 mg/mL calcium peroxide were prepared. After adding a photoinitiator, the solutions were cured under 365 nm ultraviolet light for 5 minutes. Methacrylated gelatin hydrogels (G hydrogel), methacrylated gelatin/300 μg/mL MXene hydrogel (GX hydrogel), methacrylated gelatin/calcium peroxide hydrogel (GC hydrogel), and methacrylated gelatin/MXene/calcium peroxide hydrogel (GXC hydrogel) were obtained. The surface morphology and photothermal properties of the four hydrogels were characterized. The GC and GXC hydrogels were immersed in PBS and incubated with vibration to measure Ca2+ release. (2) Staphylococcus aureus suspensions were co-cultured in each of the four hydrogel groups. A single culture of the bacteria served as a control. The hydrogels were irradiated with a near-infrared laser (808 nm, 1.5 W/cm²) for 5 minutes (or without near-infrared laser irradiation). The antibacterial properties of the hydrogels were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy, plate spread assay, live/dead staining, 5-cyano-2,3-ditolyl tetrazolium chloride (CTC) staining, and reactive oxygen species staining. (3) The four hydrogel groups were co-incubated with rat erythrocyte suspensions to measure hemolysis rates. The four hydrogel groups were co-cultured with osteoblast precursor cells MC3T3-E1 (or mouse fibroblast L929). Cell viability was assessed using CCK-8 assay and cell viability was assessed using live/dead staining.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Scanning electron microscopy revealed that all four hydrogel groups had a loose porous structure. The pore surfaces of the G and GX hydrogels were smoother, while those of the GC and GXC hydrogels were rougher. After near-infrared laser irradiation, the GX and GXC hydrogels exhibited excellent photothermal performance and stability, meeting the requirements of subsequent photothermal antibacterial applications. Both GC and GXC hydrogels were able to slowly release Ca2+ for up to 20 days. (2) Scanning electron microscopy, plate coating assay, live/dead staining, CTC staining, and reactive oxygen species staining revealed that the GC and GXC hydrogels exhibited excellent antibacterial properties without infrared laser irradiation. After near-infrared laser irradiation, the GX, GC, and GXC hydrogels exhibited excellent antibacterial properties, with the antibacterial properties of the GX and GXC hydrogels significantly enhanced compared to those without infrared laser irradiation. (3) The hemolysis rates of all four hydrogel groups were less than 5%, demonstrating excellent hemocompatibility. Live/dead staining and CCK-8 assay revealed that the four groups did not significantly affect the viability and activity of MC3T3-E1 and L929 cells, demonstrating good cytocompatibility. (4) These results demonstrate that the methacrylated gelatin/MXene/calcium peroxide hydrogel exhibits excellent antibacterial properties and biocompatibility.

Key words: 复合水凝胶, 甲基丙烯酸酐化明胶, 感染, 抗菌, 光热效应, 成骨前体细胞, 小鼠成纤维细胞, 生物材料

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