中国组织工程研究 ›› 2026, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (在线): 1-11.

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内源性大麻素系统调控运动动机的神经机制

张庆彤,陈乐琴,刘昶,陈昱廷,郭睿武   

  1. 山西师范大学,山西省太原市  030031
  • 出版日期:2026-01-01 发布日期:2025-09-22
  • 通讯作者: 陈乐琴,教授,山西师范大学,山西省太原市 030031
  • 作者简介:张庆彤,女,2001年生,山西省晋中市人,汉族,主要从事体育教学训练学研究

Neuromechanism of the endocannabinoid system in regulating exercise motivation

Zhang Qingtong, Chen Leqin, Liu Chang, Chen Yuting, Guo Ruiwu   

  1. Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan 030031, Shanxi Province, China
  • Online:2026-01-01 Published:2025-09-22
  • Contact: Chen Leqin, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan 030031, Shanxi Province, China
  • About author:Zhang Qingtong, MS, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan 030031, Shanxi Province, China

摘要:

文题释义:

内源性大麻素系统:是人体内一个重要的神经递质系统,主要由大麻素1型受体、大麻素2型受体、内源性配体花生四烯酸乙醇胺和2-花生四烯酸甘油及其合成与降解酶组成,广泛参与神经保护、炎症调节、神经递质释放调控等生理过程。
运动动机:是指推动个体参与体育活动和锻炼行为的内部心理动因,通常表现为个体对运动目标的需求、愿望或兴趣。运动动机可以分为内部动机和外部动机。运动动机不仅影响个体是否参与体育活动,还影响其参与的程度、坚持性和运动表现。研究表明,动机水平越高,个体参与锻炼的频率和强度越大,运动行为越持久。

摘要
背景:近期研究表明,内源性大麻素系统对中皮质边缘多巴胺的释放具有积极作用,而多巴胺的奖赏机制正是影响运动动机的主要因素。
目的:系统梳理内源性大麻素系统的构成及其在神经递质调控、情绪调节和疼痛感知中的重要作用,重点探究内源性大麻素系统如何通过多巴胺奖赏系统、运动控制区域信号整合及疲劳恢复机制促进运动动机的提高。
方法:应用计算机检索中国知网及万方、维普、PubMed、MedReading、Web of Science数据库,英文检索词为“Endocannabinoid system,exercise motivation,dopamine reward system,neuromodulation,cannabinoid receptor,anandamide,2-arachidonoylglycerol”等,中文检索词为“内源性大麻素系统,运动动机,多巴胺奖赏系统,神经调控,大麻素受体,花生四烯酸乙醇胺,2-花生四烯酸甘油”等。通过纳入与排除标准,最终纳入84篇文献进行综述。
结果与结论:文章揭示了内源性大麻素系统在调控运动动机中发挥重要作用:①在奖励通路上,内源性大麻素系统作用于中脑边缘多巴胺通路并通过下游大麻素1型受体刺激多巴胺的释放,进而增强多巴胺能通路的奖赏效应,最终提高运动过程中的快感;②在运动控制上,内源性大麻素系统通过调节腹内侧前额叶皮质突触可塑性的改变达到一种最优状态,并且通过空间定位方式精确地将信号传递到纹状体-皮质环路以维持运动动机的稳定,而大麻素2型受体介导的抗炎机制能够通过抑制小胶质细胞 M1极化的过度活化保护神经系统免遭损伤;③在疲劳恢复上,内源性大麻素系统通过大麻素1受体或大麻素2受体抑制机体的疼痛感受器来缓解运动后的不适感以及减少运动造成的疲劳感,还可以通过花生四烯乙醇胺-脑源性神经营养因子的作用来增加大脑神经元的可塑性,改善肌肉纤维结构,帮助快速恢复体力。总之,靶向内源性大麻素系统可以有效提高人们进行体育活动的愿望,尤其是对于那些长期不参加体育锻炼的人群或者患有抑郁症的人群而言具有重要临床价值与意义,但是后续还需要更多的实验证据支持这一结论。

关键词: 内源性大麻素系统, 疲劳感知, 运动动机, 多巴胺奖赏系统, 神经调控, 大麻素受体

Abstract: Abstract
BACKGROUND: Recent studies have shown that the endocannabinoid system has a positive effect on the release of dopamine in the limbic cortex, and the reward mechanism of dopamine is a key factor influencing exercise motivation.
OBJECTIVE: To systematically investigate the composition of the endocannabinoid system and its important role in neurotransmitter regulation, emotion regulation and pain perception, and to focus on exploring how the endocannabinoid system promotes the improvement of exercise motivation through the dopamine reward system, signal integration in motor control regions and fatigue recovery mechanism.
METHODS: Computerized searches were conducted in CNKI, WanFang, VIP, PubMed, MedReading and Web of Science databases The search terms included “endocannabinoid system, exercise motivation, dopamine reward system, neuromodulation, cannabinoid receptor, anandamide, 2-arachidonoylglycerol” in Chinese and English. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 84 articles were finally included for review.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: This study reveals the significant role of the endocannabinoid system in promoting exercise motivation. (1) In the reward pathway, the endocannabinoid system acts on the mesolimbic dopamine pathway and stimulates dopamine release through downstream cannabinoid type 1 receptors, thereby enhancing the rewarding effect of the dopaminergic pathway and ultimately increasing the pleasure during exercise. (2) In terms of motor control, the endocannabinoid system achieves an optimal state by regulating synaptic plasticity changes in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex, and it precisely transmits signals to the striato-cortical circuit through spatial positioning to maintain the stability of exercise motivation. Moreover, the anti-inflammatory mechanism mediated by cannabinoid type 2 receptors can protect the nervous system from damage by inhibiting the excessive activation of microglial M1 polarization. (3) In terms of fatigue recovery, the endocannabinoid system, on the one hand, alleviates post-exercise discomfort and reduces fatigue caused by exercise by inhibiting the body’s pain receptors through cannabinoid type 1 or type 2 receptors. On the other hand, it can increase the plasticity of brain neurons and improve the structure of muscle fibers through the action of anandamide-brain-derived neurotrophic factor to help restore physical strength quickly. In conclusion, targeting the endocannabinoid system can effectively enhance people’s desire to engage in sports activities, , which has important clinical value and significance, especially for those who have not participated in physical exercise for a long time or those suffering from depression. However, more experimental evidence is needed to support this conclusion.


Key words: endocannabinoid system, fatigue perception, exercise motivation, dopamine reward system, neuromodulation, cannabinoid receptor

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