中国组织工程研究 ›› 2026, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (6): 1527-1538.doi: 10.12307/2026.603

• 组织构建综述 tissue construction review • 上一篇    下一篇

衰老相关的葡萄糖代谢失调:癌症和神经退行性疾病的十字路口

刘  欢1,曾少鹏1,陈  珺1,贺琳茜1,杨  迎1,章  京1,2   

  1. 1浙江大学医学院附属第一医院病理科,浙江省杭州市  310003;2国家健康和疾病人脑组织资源库,浙江省杭州市  310012

  • 收稿日期:2025-02-06 接受日期:2025-04-24 出版日期:2026-02-28 发布日期:2025-07-18
  • 通讯作者: 杨迎,特聘研究员,硕士生导师,浙江大学医学院附属第一医院病理科,浙江省杭州市 310003 并列通讯作者:章京,主任医师,教授,博士生导师,浙江大学医学院附属第一医院病理科,浙江省杭州市 310003;国家健康和疾病人脑组织资源库,浙江省杭州市 310012
  • 作者简介:刘欢,女,1999年生,山东省泰安市人,汉族,浙江大学硕士在读,主要从事肿瘤病理学诊断相关研究。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(82020108012),项目负责人:章京;国家自然科学基金项目(82371250),项目负责人:杨迎;浙江省自然科学基金项目(LZ23H090002),项目负责人:杨迎;浙江省重点研发计划项目(2024C03098),项目负责人:章京;浙江省重点研发计划项目(2024SSYS0018),项目参与人:章京

Aging-related dysregulation of glucose metabolism: crossroads of cancer and neurodegenerative diseases

Liu Huan1, Zeng Shaopeng1, Chen Jun1, He Linqian1, Yang Ying1, Zhang Jing1, 2    

  1. 1Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China; 2National Human Brain Bank for Health and Disease, Hangzhou 310012, Zhejiang Province, China 
  • Received:2025-02-06 Accepted:2025-04-24 Online:2026-02-28 Published:2025-07-18
  • Contact: Yang Ying, Distinguished Research Fellow, Master’s supervisor, Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China Co-corresponding author: Zhang Jing, Chief physician, Professor, Doctoral supervisor, Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China; National Human Brain Bank for Health and Disease, Hangzhou 310012, Zhejiang Province, China
  • About author:Liu Huan, MS candidate, Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China, Nos. 82020108012 (to ZJ) and 82371250 (to YY); Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province, No. LZ23H090002 (to YY); Key Research & Development Program of Zhejiang Province, Nos. 2024C03098  (to ZJ) and 2024SSYS0018 (to ZJ [project participant])

摘要:


文题释义:
神经退行性疾病:属于神经系统最常见病症类型,以神经元结构或功能进行性退变为核心病理特征,主要包括阿尔茨海默病、帕金森病等典型代表。
葡萄糖代谢失调:指机体由于糖酵解途径、三羧酸循环及氧化磷酸化等核心代谢通路功能障碍所致的病理状态。

背景:流行病学证据表明,神经退行性疾病患者罹患多数癌症的风险呈现相对降低趋势。尽管这种负相关现象的具体机制尚未阐明,但葡萄糖代谢异常作为两者共同涉及的病理环节可能在此过程中发挥重要作用。
目的:综述癌症与神经退行性疾病在葡萄糖代谢方面的潜在联系。
方法:以“cancer,neurodegenerative diseases, Alzheimer’s disease,Parkinson’s disease, metabolic reprogramming,glucose metabolism,aerobic glycolysis,neuroprotection,aging”为检索词,在PubMed数据库检索文献,最终纳入136篇文献进行分析。
结果与结论:癌症与神经退行性疾病在衰老相关的葡萄糖代谢失衡层面存在深层次病理关联,癌细胞通过持续激活有氧糖酵解驱动失控增殖和侵袭转移,而神经退行性疾病则表现为有氧糖酵解降低,恢复有氧糖酵解可发挥神经保护作用并延缓疾病进展。葡萄糖代谢关键节点呈现双向调控模式:癌症中显著上调或异常激活的代谢调控因子,在神经退行性疾病中则呈现表达抑制或功能失活状态;线粒体通过活性氧动态平衡与线粒体自噬介导衰老进程,构建连接癌症与神经退行性疾病的调控网络,维持线粒体功能稳态对疾病防治具有重要意义。
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2032-9183(杨迎);https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7222-8317(章京)

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程

关键词: 癌症, 神经退行性疾病, 阿尔茨海默病, 帕金森病, 代谢重编程, 葡萄糖代谢, 有氧糖酵解, 神经保护, 衰老

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Epidemiological studies indicate that individuals with neurodegenerative diseases exhibit a comparatively lower risk of developing the majority of cancers. Although the precise mechanisms underlying this inverse correlation remain unclear, it is noteworthy that aberrant glucose metabolism, a pathological factor common to both conditions, may significantly contribute to this association.
OBJECTIVE: To review the potential relationship between cancers and neurodegenerative diseases in glucose metabolism.
METHODS: PubMed was searched for relevant literature using the search terms of “cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, metabolic reprogramming, glucose metabolism, aerobic glycolysis, neuroprotection, aging,” and 136 articles were finally included for analysis.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Cancer and neurodegenerative diseases exhibit a profound pathological correlation at the level of glucose metabolism imbalance associated with aging. Cancer cells promote uncontrolled proliferation, invasion, and metastasis through the persistent activation of aerobic glycolysis, whereas neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by a reduction in aerobic glycolysis. Restoring aerobic glycolysis may confer neuroprotective effects and delay disease progression. The key nodes of glucose metabolism demonstrate a bidirectional regulatory pattern: metabolic regulators, which are significantly upregulated or aberrantly activated in cancer, are inhibited or functionally inactivated in neurodegenerative diseases. Mitochondria play a crucial role in mediating the aging process through the regulation of reactive oxygen species homeostasis and mitochondrial autophagy. They establish regulatory networks that connect cancer and neurodegenerative diseases, and maintaining their functional homeostasis is of paramount importance for disease prevention and treatment.

Key words: cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, metabolic reprogramming, glucose metabolism, aerobic glycolysis, neuroprotection, aging

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