中国组织工程研究 ›› 2025, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (26): 5556-5562.doi: 10.12307/2025.782

• 肌肉肌腱韧带组织构建 tissue construction of the muscle, tendon and ligament • 上一篇    下一篇

前交叉韧带重建患者神经肌肉功能对落地动作生物力学损伤风险的影响

王  霞1,薛博士1,杨  辰2,周志鹏1,郑亮亮1   

  1. 1山东体育学院运动与健康学院,山东省济南市  250102;2南京体育学院运动健康科学学院,江苏省南京市  210114


  • 收稿日期:2024-09-20 接受日期:2024-11-13 出版日期:2025-09-18 发布日期:2025-02-22
  • 通讯作者: 郑亮亮,硕士,副教授,山东体育学院运动与健康学院,山东省济南市 250102
  • 作者简介:王霞,女,1999年生,山东省菏泽市人,汉族,山东体育学院在读硕士,主要从事运动生物力学研究。
  • 基金资助:
    山东省高等学校青创人才引育计划项目(2019-183),项目参与人:周志鹏

Influence of neuromuscular function on the risk of biomechanical injury in landing manoeuvres in patients undergoing anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction

Wang Xia1, Xue Boshi1, Yang Chen2, Zhou Zhipeng1, Zheng Liangliang1   

  1. 1College of Sports and Health, Shandong Sport University, Jinan 250102, Shandong Province, China; 2College of Sports and Health, Nanjing Sport Institute, Nanjing 210114, Jiangsu Province, China
  • Received:2024-09-20 Accepted:2024-11-13 Online:2025-09-18 Published:2025-02-22
  • Contact: Zheng Liangliang, MS, Associate professor, College of Sports and Health, Shandong Sport University, Jinan 250102, Shandong Province, China
  • About author:Wang Xia, Master candidate, College of Sports and Health, Shandong Sport University, Jinan 250102, Shandong Province, China
  • Supported by:
    Shandong Province College Youth Entrepreneurship Talent Introduction and Cultivation Program, No. 2019-183 (to ZZP)

摘要:



文题释义:
前交叉韧带重建:是治疗前交叉韧带严重损伤或断裂后的最佳选择,通过韧带移植物来替代损伤的前交叉韧带。目前常采用人工韧带、异体韧带、自体韧带等作为韧带移植物,手术旨在恢复膝关节稳定性,减少关节软骨磨损等继发损伤风险。 
生物力学:是研究生物体机械运动规律的学科,它结合生物学与力学原理,分析生物体的结构、功能和运动。在医学领域,生物力学可用于研究人体骨骼、关节、肌肉等在运动中的受力情况,帮助诊断疾病、设计治疗方案及康复计划,以提高治疗效果和预防损伤。

背景:前交叉韧带再损伤率居高不下,神经肌肉功能与生物力学危险因素之间的关系尚不明确可能是再损伤预防及康复训练效果不佳的原因之一。
目的:评估前交叉韧带重建后患者单腿跳跃落地时的膝关节生物力学和神经肌肉功能特征,进一步探究前交叉韧带重建患者肌力、本体感觉和动态姿势控制能力对落地动作中前交叉韧带损伤风险指标的影响。
方法:招募前交叉韧带重建后患者和健康对照组各26名,均为男性,年龄18-35周岁,随机进行本体感觉测试、Y平衡测试和等速肌力测试,同时通过红外动作捕捉系统和测力台采集受试者在单腿跳跃落地中的膝关节运动学及动力学数据。
结果与结论:①与健康对照组相比,前交叉韧带重建术后患者表现出较高的膝外翻角(P=0.021),较低的腘绳肌肌力(P < 0.001)、股四头肌肌力(P < 0.001)和Y平衡前向距离(P < 0.001),较差的膝关节屈曲运动觉(P < 0.001)和伸展运动觉(P=0.001);②膝伸展力矩的预测变量是股四头肌肌力和屈曲运动觉(R2=0.298,P=0.007);膝内外翻角的预测变量是腘绳肌肌力(R2=0.117,P=0.048);膝内外旋角的预测变量是腘绳肌与股四头肌峰值力矩比值(R2=0.134,P=0.037);③结果表明,前交叉韧带重建术后患者仍存在膝关节额状面异常生物力学动作模式和神经肌肉功能缺陷,提高腘绳肌的肌肉力量、避免过大的股四头肌肌力及增强膝关节本体感觉有助于改善患者膝关节矢状面、额状面和水平面的生物力学模式及降低落地动作中前交叉韧带损伤风险。
https://orcid.org/0009-0004-8254-3064(王霞)

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:组织构建;骨细胞;软骨细胞;细胞培养;成纤维细胞;血管内皮细胞;骨质疏松;组织工程

关键词: 前交叉韧带重建, 神经肌肉功能, 肌肉力量, 本体感觉, 动态姿势控制能力, 再损伤风险, 工程化组织构建

Abstract: BACKGROUND: The re-injury rate of the anterior cruciate ligament continues to be high and the unclear relationship between neuromuscular function and biomechanical risk factors may be one of the reasons for poor injury prevention and rehabilitation.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the biomechanics and neuromuscular function characteristics of the knee joint during landing movements after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, and to further explore the effects of muscle strength, proprioception, and dynamic postural control on the risk indicators of anterior cruciate ligament injury during landing maneuver.
METHODS: Twenty-six male anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction patients and 26 healthy control males at the age of 18-35 years were recruited and randomized to undergo joint kinesthesia test, Y-balance test, and isometric muscle strength tests. Kinematic and kinetic data of the knee joints during single-legged jump landing tasks were collected using an infrared motion capture system and force plates.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Compared with the healthy control group, patients after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction demonstrated higher knee valgus angle (P=0.021), lower hamstring muscle strength (P < 0.001), lower quadriceps muscle strength (P < 0.001) and Y-balance anterior reach distance 
(P < 0.001), and worse knee flexion kinesthesia (P < 0.001) and extension kinesthesia (P=0.001). (2) The predictor variables of knee extension moment were quadriceps strength and knee flexion kinesthesia (R2=0.298, P=0.007). The predictor variable of knee varus and valgus angle was hamstring strength (R2=0.117, P=0.048). The predictor variable of knee internal and external rotation angle was the hamstring-to-quadriceps peak torque ratio (R2=0.134, P =0.037). (3) The results showed that after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, patients still had abnormal biomechanical action patterns and neuromuscular function defects in the frontal plane of the knee joint, and elevating the muscle strength of the hamstrings, avoiding excessive quadriceps muscle strength and enhancing the proprioception of the knee joint were helpful to improve the biomechanical patterns of the sagittal plane, frontal plane and horizontal plane of the knee joint and reduce the risk of anterior cruciate ligament injury during landing maneuvers.

Key words: anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, neuromuscular function, muscle strength, proprioception, dynamic postural control, re-injury risk, engineered tissue construction

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