中国组织工程研究

中国组织工程研究 ›› 2025, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (26): 5528-5535.doi: 10.12307/2025.761

• 神经组织构建 nerve tissue construction • 上一篇    下一篇

有氧或抗阻运动对阿尔茨海默病小鼠海马Ras/Drebrin树突棘可塑性的影响

何宁娟，李  丽，王  素，杨建设，雷思韵，王  扬   

  1. 哈尔滨体育学院，黑龙江省哈尔滨市  150006
  • 收稿日期:2024-08-01 接受日期:2024-10-11 出版日期:2025-09-18 发布日期:2025-02-20
  • 通讯作者: 李丽，博士，博士生导师，教授，哈尔滨体育学院，黑龙江省哈尔滨市 150006
  • 作者简介:何宁娟，女，1990年生，甘肃省通渭县人，汉族，哈尔滨体育学院在读硕士，主要从事运动康复方向的研究。
  • 基金资助:
    哈尔滨体育学院博士人才科研启动费项目(RCYJ-2113)，项目负责人：李丽

Effects of aerobic or resistance exercise on hippocampal ras/Drebrin dendritic spine plasticity in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease

He Ningjuan, Li Li, Wang Su, Yang Jianshe, Lei Siyun, Wang Yang   

  1. Harbin Sport University, Harbin 150006, Heilongjiang Province, China
  • Received:2024-08-01 Accepted:2024-10-11 Online:2025-09-18 Published:2025-02-20
  • Contact: Li Li, PhD, Doctoral supervisor, Professor, Harbin Sport University, Harbin 150006, Heilongjiang Province, China
  • About author:He Ningjuan, Master’s candidate, Harbin Sport University, Harbin 150006, Heilongjiang Province, China
  • Supported by:
    Harbin Sport University Doctoral Talent Research Start-up Fund Project, No. RCYJ-2113 (to LL)

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摘要：


文题释义：
树突棘：树突棘头部是2个神经元连接和交换信息的地方，包含神经元从其他细胞接收信息所需的所有成分，颈部可以非常薄，功能之一是通过调节物质进出头部的运动，维持神经元与神经网络中其他细胞之间的关系。 
阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer’s disease，AD)：是一种中枢神经系统的退行性病变，主要发生在老年或老年前期。阿尔茨海默病的主要表现为认知功能障碍和行为损害，痴呆症是其最常见的形式。良好的生活习惯，包括规律的体育锻炼、科学的饮食、适当的社交活动可以预防该病的发生和发展。

背景：研究表明，树突棘可塑性与阿尔茨海默症存在密切关系，抗阻或有氧运动对于改善认知功能障碍有一定疗效，但其作用机制尚不明确。
目的：探讨有氧运动或抗阻运动对APP/PS1转基因小鼠海马CA1区树突棘可塑性的影响及作用。
方法：选取3月龄APP/PS1雄性小鼠30只随机分为3组，模型组、抗阻运动组、有氧运动组，选取同月龄C57BL/6J小鼠作为空白组。抗阻运动组小鼠进行爬梯运动，有氧运动组小鼠进行跑台运动，共12周。运动干预结束后，水迷宫实验和Y迷宫新臂检测小鼠行为学变化；苏木精-伊红染色、尼氏、高尔基染色、电镜观察小鼠大脑海马区神经元形态、尼氏小体、树突棘、突触超微结构变化；Western blot印迹分析法检测海马β-淀粉样蛋白1-42、Ras、Drebrin的蛋白表达。 
结果与结论：①模型组小鼠连续5 d逃避潜伏期延长(P < 0.05，P < 0.01)，进入Y迷宫新臂的次数显著减少(P < 0.01)，海马CA1区树突棘密度及海马组织内Ras、Drebrin表达均低于正常组(P < 0.01)，海马组织内β-淀粉样蛋白1-42表达高于正常组(P < 0.01)；抗阻运动组或有氧运动组小鼠小鼠连续5 d逃避潜伏期缩短(P < 0.05，P < 0.01)，进入Y迷宫新臂的次数明显增加，海马CA1区树突棘密度及海马组织内Ras、Drebrin表达均高于模型组(P < 0.01)，海马组织内β-淀粉样蛋白1-42表达低于模型组(P < 0.01)。②结果说明，长期规律有氧运动或抗阻运动干预能够改善海马CA1区树突棘密度数量及突触可塑性，增强阿尔茨海默症小鼠的空间学习记忆能力，而这可能与海马Ras、Drebrin蛋白表达提高有关。
https://orcid.org/0009-0001-8546-0676(何宁娟)

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程

关键词: 抗阻运动, 有氧运动, 树突棘, Drebrin, Ras, APP/PS1小鼠, 阿尔茨海默症

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Studies have shown that there is a close relationship between dendritic spine plasticity and Alzheimer’s disease, and that resistance or aerobic exercise has some efficacy in improving cognitive dysfunction, but the mechanism of action is unclear. 
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of aerobic exercise or resistance exercise on dendritic spine plasticity in the hippocampal CA1 region of APP/PS1 transgenic mice. 
METHODS: Thirty 3-month-old male APP/PS1 mice were selected and randomly divided into three groups: a model group, a resistance exercise group, and an aerobic exercise group. The same litter of 3-month-old C57BL/6J mice were selected as a blank group. Mice in the resistance exercise group were subjected to ladder-climbing exercise and those in the aerobic exercise group were subjected to treadmill exercise for 12 weeks. At the end of the exercise intervention, the water maze experiment and the new arm of the Y maze were used to assess behavioral changes in mice. Hematoxylin-eosin staining, Nissl staining, Golgi staining, and electron microscopy were performed to observe neuronal morphology, Nissl bodies, dendritic spines, and ultrastructural changes in the synapses of the hippocampal region of the mouse brain. The protein expression levels of hippocampal amyloid-beta1-42, Ras, and Drebrin were measured using Western blot analysis.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Mice in the model group exhibited a prolonged escape latency over 5 consecutive days (P < 0.05, P < 0.01) and significantly fewer entries into the new arm of the Y maze (P < 0.01). Dendritic spine density in the CA1 region of the hippocampus, as well as Ras and Drebrin expression in the hippocampal tissues of mice in the model group, were lower than those in the normal group (P < 0.01), and amyloid-beta1-42 expression in the hippocampal tissues was higher in the model group compared with the normal group (P < 0.01). Mice in the resistance exercise group and the aerobic exercise group displayed a shortened escape latency over the same 5-day period (P < 0.05, P < 0.01) and showed a significantly greater number of entries into the new arm of the Y maze compared with the normal group (P < 0.01). Dendritic spine density in the CA1 region of the hippocampus, as well as Ras and Drebrin expression in the hippocampal tissues, were higher in both the resistance exercise group and the aerobic exercise group compared with the model group (P < 0.01).Amyloid-beta1-42 expression in the hippocampal tissue was lower in both exercise groups than in the model group (P < 0.01). To conclude, long-term regular aerobic or resistance exercise interventions can increase dendritic spine density and synaptic plasticity in the CA1 region of the hippocampus, enhancing spatial learning and memory abilities in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease. These effects may be associated with increased expression of Ras and Drebrin proteins in the hippocampus.

Key words: resistance exercise, aerobic exercise, dendritic spines, Drebrin, Ras, APP/PS1 mice, Alzheimer’s disease

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