中国组织工程研究 ›› 2025, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (31): 6634-6641.doi: 10.12307/2025.538

• 脐带脐血干细胞 umbilical cord blood stem cells • 上一篇    下一篇

人脐带间充质干细胞来源外泌体治疗SD大鼠骨质疏松性股骨骨折

卜宪敏1,梁  迪2,张  斌3,徐英杰2,丁  豪2,吴  彬4,田荣华4    

  1. 1济宁市第一人民医院病理科,山东省济宁市   272067;2 济宁医学院临床医学院,山东省济宁市   272067;济宁医学院附属医院,3检验科,4创伤骨科,山东省济宁市   272067
  • 收稿日期:2024-04-20 接受日期:2024-06-11 出版日期:2025-11-08 发布日期:2025-02-19
  • 通讯作者: 田荣华,硕士,医师,济宁医学院附属医院创伤骨科,山东省济宁市 272067
  • 作者简介:卜宪敏,女,1980 年生,山东省微山县人,汉族,2006年福建医科大学毕业,硕士,副主任医师,主要从事外科病理学研究。 共同第一作者:梁迪,女,1995年生,山东省汶上县人,汉族,济宁医学院在读硕士,主要从事外科病理学研究。
  • 基金资助:
    济宁医学院高层次科研项目培育计划(JYGC2021FKJ016),项目负责人:吴彬;济宁市重点研发计划基金(2021YXNS029),项目负责人:吴彬;济宁市重点研发计划基金(2022YXNS129),项目负责人:卜宪敏;济宁医学院附属医院主诊医师团队专项临床研究计划(ZZTD-MS-2023-04),项目负责人:吴彬

Exosomes derived from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells in treatment of osteoporotic femoral fractures in SD rats

Bu Xianmin1, Liang Di2, Zhang Bin3, Xu Yingjie2, Ding Hao2, Wu Bin4, Tian Ronghua4   

  1. 1Department of Pathology, Jining No. 1 People’s Hospital, Jining 272067, Shandong Province, China; 2School of Clinical Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining 272067, Shandong Province, China; 3Department of Laboratory, 4Department of Orthopedic Trauma, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining 272067, Shandong Province, China
  • Received:2024-04-20 Accepted:2024-06-11 Online:2025-11-08 Published:2025-02-19
  • Contact: Tian Ronghua, MS, Physician, Department of Orthopedic Trauma, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining 272067, Shandong Province, China
  • About author:Bu Xianmin, MS, Associate chief physician, Department of Pathology, Jining No. 1 People’s Hospital, Jining 272067, Shandong Province, China; Liang Di, Master candidate, School of Clinical Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining 272067, Shandong Province, China Bu Xianmin and Liang Di contributed equally to this work.
  • Supported by:
    High-Level Scientific Research Project Cultivation Program of Jining Medical University, No. JYGC2021FKJ016 (to WB); Jining Key Research & Development Program Fund, No. 2021YXNS029 (to WB); Jining Key Research & Development Program Fund, No. 2022YXNS129 (to BXM); Attending Physician Team Special Clinical Research Program of Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, No. ZZTD-MS-2023-04 (to WB)

摘要:

文题释义:

外泌体:是纳米级的囊泡,直径为30-100 nm,具有双层脂膜分子结构,含蛋白质、代谢物和核酸等生物活性成分,是细胞-细胞间信息通讯的重要递质,通过融合、受体介导的内吞、微胞饮和可溶性信号传导等多种途径影响靶细胞功能。 
骨质疏松症:是由于成骨细胞和破骨细胞活性失衡而引起的一种严重的骨代谢疾病。WHO将其定义为以骨量低、骨组织微结构退化、骨脆性和骨折风险增加为特征的全身性骨骼疾病。

摘要
背景:人脐带间充质干细胞来源外泌体已广泛用于骨修复和重建研究,能显著促进成骨和血管生成。
目的:探究人脐带间充质干细胞来源外泌体治疗骨质疏松性骨折的机制。
方法:采用组织块培养法提取人脐带间充质干细胞及超速离心法提取人脐带间充质干细胞来源外泌体并进行鉴定。30只12周龄雌性SD大鼠随机分为假手术组(6只)和去势组(24只)。去势组采用经典的去势法构建骨质疏松模型,术后12周随机选取去势组6只大鼠与假手术组6只大鼠行Micro-CT及苏木精-伊红染色进行模型验证。验证骨质疏松模型构建成功后,将去势组剩余18只大鼠随机分为3组,均构建骨质疏松性股骨骨折模型,骨折端分别注射PBS(PBS组)、1.5×1011 particles/mL(低浓度外泌体组)、3×1011 particles/mL(高浓度外泌体组)外泌体。骨折术后4周行影像学及组织学观察评估骨折愈合和骨组织血管生成情况。
结果与结论:①大体标本观察:与PBS组相比,外泌体组骨折愈合速度明显增快,骨折端骨痂生成量显著增加;②X射线片评分:外泌体组显著高于PBS组,差异有显著性意义(P < 0.05);③Micro-CT三维成像:与PBS组相比,外泌体组骨折愈合加快,骨痂生成量显著增加;外泌体组骨体积分数显著高于PBS组,差异有显著性意义(P < 0.01);④苏木精-伊红染色和Masson染色:与PBS组相比,外泌体组有更多的骨小梁生成,有更多的新生骨组织生长;⑤免疫组织化学染色:与PBS组相比,外泌体组骨钙素与CD31的表达更加显著;高浓度外泌体组较低浓度外泌体组新生血管密度更大,骨痂生成量更多,骨折愈合增快,呈现浓度依赖性。结果表明,人脐带间充质干细胞来源外泌体可通过促进血管生成和成骨,最终促进骨质疏松性骨折修复,其机制可能与CD31和骨钙素表达增加有关。

关键词: 骨质疏松性骨折, 人脐带间充质干细胞, 外泌体, 骨折愈合, 骨钙素, CD31

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Exosomes derived from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells are widely used for bone repair and reconstruction, significantly enhancing osteogenesis and promoting angiogenesis.
OBJECTIVE: To explore the mechanisms of exosomes derived from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells in the treatment of osteoporotic fractures.
METHODS: Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells were extracted using tissue block culture method. Exosomes derived from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells were extracted using ultracentrifugation method for identification. Thirty 12-week-old female SD rats were randomly divided into sham-operated group (n=6) and ovariectomized group (n=24). Osteoporosis model was established by castration in the ovariectomized group. 12 weeks after modeling, 6 rats in the ovariectomized group and 6 rats in the sham-operated group were randomly selected for Micro-CT and hematoxylin-eosin staining to verify the models. After verification, the remaining 18 rats in the ovariectomized group were randomly assigned to three groups to establish osteoporotic fracture models. The fracture end was separately injected with PBS (PBS group), exosomes at 1.5×1011 particles/mL (low-concentration exosome group), and 3×1011 particles/mL (high-concentration exosome group). Four weeks after operation, fracture healing and bone angiogenesis were evaluated by imaging and histological observations.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) In the gross specimens, compared with the PBS group, the exosome group had faster fracture healing and more callus formation. (2) The X-ray score of fracture healing in the exosome group was significantly higher than that in the PBS group, and the difference was significant (P < 0.05). (3) Micro-CT three-dimensional imaging: Compared with the PBS group, the fracture healing in the exosome group was accelerated and the callus formation was significantly increased; the bone volume fraction in the exosome group was significantly higher than that in the PBS group, and the difference was significant (P < 0.01). (4) Hematoxylin-eosin staining and Masson’s trichrome staining showed that bone trabeculae and the new bone tissue in the exosome group were more than those in the PBS group. (5) Immunohistochemical staining showed that the expression of CD31 and osteocalcin in the exosome group was significantly higher than that in the PBS group. The high-concentration exosome group had a higher density of new blood vessels, more callus formation, and faster fracture healing than the low-concentration exosome group, showing a concentration-dependent manner. The results show that exosomes derived from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells can promote the repair of osteoporotic fracture by enhancing the angiogenesis and osteogenesis. The mechanism may be related to the increased expression of CD31 and osteocalcin.

Key words: osteoporotic fracture, human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell, exosome, fracture healing, osteocalcin, CD31

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