中国组织工程研究 ›› 2025, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (19): 4151-4160.doi: 10.12307/2025.055

• 干细胞相关大数据分析 Stem cell-related big data analysis • 上一篇    下一篇

基于干性指数模型对肉瘤预后、免疫浸润和铁死亡调控的分析

魏婧娴1,孟  莲1,孙  皓1,张田田1,刘春霞1,2   

  1. 1石河子大学医学院病理学系/石河子大学第一附属医院病理科,新疆维吾尔自治区石河子市   832000;2广州医科大学附属第二医院病理科,广东省广州市   510260
  • 收稿日期:2023-11-13 接受日期:2024-04-03 出版日期:2025-07-08 发布日期:2024-09-13
  • 通讯作者: 刘春霞,博士,教授,主任医师,博士生导师,石河子大学医学院病理学系/石河子大学医学院第一附属医院病理科,新疆维吾尔自治区石河子市 832000;广州医科大学附属第二医院病理科,广东省广州市 510260
  • 作者简介:魏婧娴,女,1996年生,山西省长治市人,在读硕士研究生,主要从事软组织肉瘤方面的研究。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(81960485),项目负责人:刘春霞;国家自然科学基金项目(82060487),项目负责人:孟莲;2022年广州市科技计划市校联合项目(202201020104),项目负责人:刘春霞

Analysis of regulation of prognosis, immune infiltration, and ferroptosis in sarcoma based on stemness index model

Wei Jingxian1, Meng Lian1, Sun Hao1, Zhang Tiantian1, Liu Chunxia1, 2   

  1. 1Department of Pathology, Shihezi University School of Medicine/Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China; 2Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, Guangdong Province, China
  • Received:2023-11-13 Accepted:2024-04-03 Online:2025-07-08 Published:2024-09-13
  • Contact: Liu Chunxia, MD, Professor, Chief physician, Doctoral supervisor, Department of Pathology, Shihezi University School of Medicine/Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China; Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, Guangdong Province, China
  • About author:Wei Jingxian, Master candidate, Department of Pathology, Shihezi University School of Medicine/Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 81960485 (to LCX); National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 82060487 (to ML); City-School Joint Fund Project of Guangzhou Science and Technology Plan in 2022, No. 202201020104 (to LCX)

摘要:

文题释义:

肿瘤干细胞:肿瘤中的一小群具有无限增殖潜能、能促进肿瘤发生的细胞被称为肿瘤干细胞。肿瘤干细胞通常处于相对静止的细胞周期,对放疗和化疗药物不敏感,但会在某些刺激因子作用下重新进入细胞周期并快速增殖。肿瘤干细胞是肿瘤耐药性和复发的主要原因之一。
铁死亡:是新发现的一种细胞程序性死亡形式,有别于细胞凋亡、细胞焦亡和自噬等细胞死亡方式,铁死亡的特征是铁依赖性的细胞主动性程序化死亡,研究认为铁死亡失调可能是肿瘤细胞化疗耐药的重要机制之一。

摘要
背景:干性指数可能与肉瘤预后、免疫浸润有关,但具体调控机制与特征基因尚不清楚。
目的:利用基因干性指数模型探究肉瘤干细胞与患者预后和免疫浸润的关系,并识别肉瘤干细胞铁死亡特征基因。
方法:从癌症基因组图谱(TCGA)中获取肉瘤RNA测序数据及相关临床信息。利用肉瘤干性指数,对获取的肉瘤RNA测序数据进行分组。利用生存数据进行组间预后情况分析,获取组间差异表达基因后进行通路富集和免疫浸润分析。获得铁死亡相关差异基因,构建蛋白互作网络并进行预后相关性分析。培养横纹肌肉瘤细胞系,分为贴壁细胞组和干细胞组,贴壁细胞组不予任何干预,干细胞组通过无血清培养处理以诱导横纹肌肉瘤干细胞富集,qRT-PCR验证干细胞相关标志物、铁死亡相关差异基因以及铁死亡相关标志物的mRNA表达。
结果与结论:①以干性指数中位数为界将患者分成高干性指数组和低干性指数组,通过患病风险预测显示高干性指数组患者的无进展生存期低于低干性指数组,提示预后不佳;②GO、KEGG分析显示肉瘤高、低干性指数组差异表达基因参与不同的细胞通路;高干性指数组和低干性指数组之间免疫浸润存在差异;差异基因中有23个铁死亡相关基因,其中9个可构成相关性较强的蛋白互作网络,其中IDO1、IFNG、AQP5高表达的肉瘤患者预后更好,CA9高表达的肉瘤患者预后不佳;③qRT-PCR结果显示,与贴壁细胞组相比,干细胞组干细胞相关标志物NANOG、SOX2和OCT4 mRNA表达显著升高(P < 0.05);与贴壁细胞组相比,干细胞组铁死亡相关标志物SLC7A11的mRNA表达显著降低(P < 0.05),ACSL4、GPX4、FTH1和COX2的mRNA表达显著升高(P < 0.05);与贴壁细胞组相比,干细胞组差异基因CA9的mRNA表达显著降低,IDO1、IFNG、AQP5的mRNA表达显著升高(P < 0.05)。经上述生物信息学分析与实验验证,干细胞与肉瘤生存、铁死亡过程密切相关,CA9、IDO1、IFNG、AQP5在肉瘤干细胞中异常表达,可能成为肉瘤诊断标志物和治疗新靶点。

关键词: 肉瘤, 干细胞, 干性指数, 铁死亡, 生存预后, 免疫浸润

Abstract: BACKGROUND: The stemness index may be associated with the prognosis and immune infiltration of sarcoma, but the specific regulatory mechanism and characteristic genes have yet to be fully elucidated.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the correlation between stem cells and prognosis as well as immune infiltration in sarcoma employing the gene stemness index model and to identify the ferroptosis signature genes associated with sarcoma stem cells.
METHODS: The sarcoma RNA sequencing data and related clinical information were obtained from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). The sarcoma RNA sequencing data were grouped using the sarcoma stemness index. Survival data were used to analyze prognosis between groups. Differentially expressed genes were obtained for pathway enrichment and immune infiltration analysis. Ferroptosis-related differential genes were used to construct a protein interaction network and analyze prognostic correlation. Rhabdomyosarcoma cell lines were cultured and divided into adherent cell group and stem cell group. The adherent cell group received no intervention, while the stem cell group was treated with serum-free culture to enrich stem cells in rhabdomyosarcoma cells. qRT-PCR was used to evaluate stemness markers, ferroptosis-related genes, and mRNA expression of ferroptosis-related markers in the cells.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Patients were divided into high and low stemness index groups based on the median stemness index. The progression-free survival of patients in the high stemness index group was lower than that in the low stemness index group by disease risk prediction, suggesting poor prognosis. (2) According to GO and KEGG analysis, the groups with high and low stemness indices differed from one another. There were differences in immune infiltration between the high and low stemness index groups. Nine of the 23 ferroptosis-related genes in the differential genes have the potential to establish a highly correlated network of protein interactions. Patients with high expression of IDO1, IFNG, and AQP5 have a better prognosis, while those with high expression of CA9 have a poor prognosis. (3) The qRT-PCR results demonstrated a significant upregulation of stem cell-related markers NANOG, SOX2, and OCT4 mRNA expressions in the stem cell group compared to the adherent cell group (P < 0.05). Compared to the adherent cell group, the stem cell group exhibited decreased mRNA expression level of ferroptosis-related marker SLC7A11 (P < 0.05) while showing increased levels of ACSL4, GPX4, FTH1, and COX2 (P < 0.05). Compared to the adherent cell group, the stem cell group displayed decreased mRNA expression level of differentially expressed gene CA9 alongside elevated levels of IDO1, IFNG, and AQP5 (P < 0.05). Stem cells were strongly associated with sarcoma survival and ferroptosis by bioinformatics analysis and experimental verification. Sarcoma stem cells have aberrant expression of CA9, IDO1, IFNG, and AQP5, which may serve as new targets for sarcoma therapy as well as diagnostic indicators. 

Key words: ">sarcoma, stem cell, stemness index, ferroptosis, survival prognosis, immune infiltration

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