中国组织工程研究 ›› 2025, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (10): 2162-2170.doi: 10.12307/2025.403

• 生物材料综述 biomaterial review • 上一篇    下一篇

生物材料促进角膜碱烧伤修复的作用机制和应用途径

肖  辉,李冬妍,汲  婧,王丽珍   

  1. 北京航空航天大学生物与医学工程学院,生物力学与力生物学教育部重点实验室,北京市生物医学工程高精尖创新中心,北京市   100083
  • 收稿日期:2024-01-18 接受日期:2024-04-03 出版日期:2025-04-08 发布日期:2024-08-26
  • 通讯作者: 汲婧,副教授,博士,硕士生导师,北京航空航天大学生物与医学工程学院,生物力学与力生物学教育部重点实验室,北京市生物医学工程高精尖创新中心,北京市 100083
  • 作者简介:肖辉,男,1997年生,安徽省安庆市人,汉族,北京航空航天大学生物与医学工程学院在读硕士,主要从事眼角膜相关生物材料的研究。
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFC2410404),项目负责人:王丽珍;国家自然科学基金项目(12232019),项目负责人:汲婧

Action mechanisms and application pathways of biomaterials in promoting corneal alkali burn repair

Xiao Hui, Li Dongyan, Ji Jing, Wang Lizhen   

  1. Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology, Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China
  • Received:2024-01-18 Accepted:2024-04-03 Online:2025-04-08 Published:2024-08-26
  • Contact: Ji Jing, Associate professor, MD, Master’s supervisor, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology, Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China
  • About author:Xiao Hui, Master candidate, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology, Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China
  • Supported by:
    National Key Research and Development Program of China, No. 2023YFC2410404 (to WLZ); National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 12232019 (to JJ)

摘要:

文题释义:
角膜碱烧伤:是指眼球壁最前端的角膜由碱性化学物质造成的损伤,可导致角膜瘢痕、角膜穿孔、眼内感染和失明。角膜碱烧伤涉及复杂的病生理过程,往往造成严重的并发症,角膜碱烧伤的治疗是眼科界的一大难题。
生物材料:是指应用于疾病的预防、诊断、治疗和康复,以及替换生物体组织、器官并恢复或增进其功能的一类高新技术材料。良好的生物相容性和安全性是生物材料的最基本要求。

背景:在角膜碱烧伤治疗中,传统治疗方法存在多种局限,尤其在控制炎症、预防新生血管形成和抑制角膜瘢痕化方面表现不佳。天然材料、合成材料或复合材料为治疗提供了多元化的选择,然而生物材料促进角膜碱烧伤修复的相关机制尚未形成系统深入的认识。
目的:对目前生物材料促进角膜碱烧伤修复的国内外研究进行梳理,综述生物材料修复角膜碱烧伤的机制及其应用途径。
方法:第一作者以“角膜,碱烧伤,羊膜,透明质酸,胶原,壳聚糖,高分子材料”“Amniotic membrane,Hyaluronic acid,Collagen,Chitosan,Polymer,Cornea,Alkali burn”为关键词在PubMed、Web of Science、中国知网和万方文献数据库内检索,根据纳入标准和排除标准,最终纳入符合要求的76篇文献进行综述。
结果与结论:①在角膜碱烧伤修复领域,羊膜、透明质酸、胶原、壳聚糖和可降解高分子材料等生物材料被广泛研究和应用,这些生物材料各有其特点和优缺点,在不同方面都有所突出。②首先,羊膜因含丰富的生物活性因子而被认为是最有前景的生物材料之一,其生物相容性良好,并且能够调节角膜炎症反应,但是存在供体短缺和易感染疾病的问题。③透明质酸具有良好的保湿性和生物相容性,并且能够提高角膜细胞的生存率和增加角膜透明度。④胶原具有良好的生物相容性和支架结构,能够促进角膜细胞的黏附和增殖,促进角膜组织结构的重建。⑤壳聚糖具有良好的生物相容性和可降解性,可作为载体用于药物递送和细胞移植。⑥可降解高分子材料具有较好的降解可控性,可为角膜碱烧伤的修复提供良好的支持和递送平台,但其稳定性和生物相容性仍需进一步研究。⑦综合来看,目前还没有一种生物材料能够完全解决角膜碱烧伤的修复问题,每种生物材料都有其特定的适用场景和局限性。⑧未来的研究方向应该是通过进一步改进生物材料的性能和结构,探索更有效的组合应用方式,以及深入了解生物材料与角膜组织的相互作用机制,以提高角膜碱烧伤的治疗效果和患者的生活质量。
https://orcid.org/0009-0008-1346-031X(肖辉);https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8165-1582(汲婧)

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:生物材料;骨生物材料;口腔生物材料;纳米材料;缓释材料;材料相容性;组织工程

关键词: 角膜, 碱烧伤, 生物材料, 修复机制, 羊膜, 透明质酸, 壳聚糖, 高分子材料, 综述

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Traditional treatments for corneal alkali burns are limited, especially in controlling inflammation, preventing neovascularization, and inhibiting corneal scarring. Natural, synthetic, or composite materials provide a wide range of treatment options. However, the mechanism by which biomaterials promote corneal alkali burn repair has not yet been systematically understood.
OBJECTIVE: To summarize the current research on biomaterials in promoting corneal alkali burn repair in and outside China, and review the mechanism and application of biomaterials in repairing corneal alkali burn.
METHODS: The first author searched “cornea, alkali burn, amniotic membrane, hyaluronic acid, collagen, chitosan, polymer materials” as Chinese keywords and “amniotic membrane, hyaluronic acid, collagen, chitosan, polymer, cornea, alkali burn” as English keywords in PubMed, Web of Science, CNKI, and WanFang databases. According to inclusion and exclusion criteria, 76 eligible articles were finally included for review.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) In the field of corneal alkali burn repair, biomaterials such as amniotic membrane, hyaluronic acid, collagen, chitosan, and degradable polymer materials have been widely studied and applied. Each of these biomaterials has its own characteristics, advantages, and disadvantages, and stands out in different aspects. (2) First and foremost, amniotic membranes are considered one of the most promising biomaterials due to their abundance of bioactive factors. They are biocompatible and can regulate the corneal inflammatory response. However, there are issues with donor shortages and susceptibility to infectious diseases. (3) Hyaluronic acid has good moisturizing properties and biocompatibility, and is able to improve the survival rate of corneal cells and increase corneal transparency. (4) The good biocompatibility and scaffold structure of collagen enable the promotion of corneal cell adhesion and proliferation, as well as the reconstruction of corneal tissue structure. (5) Chitosan is recognized for its good biocompatibility and degradability, making it suitable as a carrier for drug delivery and cell transplantation. (6) Degradable polymer materials have good controllability over degradation and can provide a good support and delivery platform for the repair of corneal alkali burns, but further research is needed on their stability and biocompatibility. (7) Overall, there is currently no single biomaterial that can completely address the repair problem of corneal alkali burns, and each biomaterial has its own specific application scenarios and limitations. (8) Future research directions should focus on further improving the properties and structure of biomaterials, exploring more effective combination applications, and deeply understanding the interaction mechanism between biomaterials and corneal tissue, in order to enhance the therapeutic effect of corneal alkali burns and the quality of life of patients. 

Key words: cornea, alkali burn, biomaterial, repair mechanism, amniotic membrane, hyaluronic acid, chitosan, polymer material, review

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