中国组织工程研究 ›› 2021, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (25): 4082-4088.doi: 10.12307/2021.024

• 干细胞综述 stem cell review • 上一篇    下一篇

患者来源肿瘤类器官的培养与研究及应用

冯紫伊,梁珊珊,于炜婷,王若雨   

  1. 辽宁省乳腺及消化肿瘤分子标志物高通量筛选及靶向药物转化重点实验室、大连大学附属中山医院,辽宁省大连市  116001
  • 收稿日期:2020-07-11 修回日期:2020-07-14 接受日期:2020-09-05 出版日期:2021-09-08 发布日期:2021-03-30
  • 通讯作者: 于炜婷,博士,研究员,辽宁省乳腺及消化肿瘤分子标志物高通量筛选及靶向药物转化重点实验室、大连大学附属中山医院,辽宁省大连市 116001 王若雨,博士,主任医师,辽宁省乳腺及消化肿瘤分子标志物高通量筛选及靶向药物转化重点实验室、大连大学附属中山医院,辽宁省大连市 116001
  • 作者简介:冯紫伊,女,1994年生,江西省九江市人,汉族,大连大学在读硕士,主要从事三维培养,三维培养对肿瘤生物学及肿瘤微环境影响,三维培养对肿瘤放化疗影响的研究。
  • 基金资助:
    大连市医学科学研究计划项目(1811113),项目负责人:于炜婷

Culture, research and application of patient-derived tumor organoids

Feng Ziyi, Liang Shanshan, Yu Weiting, Wang Ruoyu   

  1. Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for High Throughput Screening and Targeted Drug Transformation of Molecular Markers of Breast and Digestive Tumors, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian 116001, Liaoning Province, China
  • Received:2020-07-11 Revised:2020-07-14 Accepted:2020-09-05 Online:2021-09-08 Published:2021-03-30
  • Contact: Yu Weiting, MD, Researcher, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for High Throughput Screening and Targeted Drug Transformation of Molecular Markers of Breast and Digestive Tumors, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian 116001, Liaoning Province, China Wang Ruoyu, MD, Chief physician, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for High Throughput Screening and Targeted Drug Transformation of Molecular Markers of Breast and Digestive Tumors, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian 116001, Liaoning Province, China
  • About author:Feng Ziyi, Master candidate, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for High Throughput Screening and Targeted Drug Transformation of Molecular Markers of Breast and Digestive Tumors, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian 116001, Liaoning Province, China
  • Supported by:
    Dalian Medical Science Research Project, No. 1811113 (to YWT)

摘要:

文题释义:
肿瘤类器官:肿瘤组织细胞、肿瘤干细胞或肿瘤特异性细胞在特殊的培养微环境下形成具有与实体肿瘤类似的组织结构和功能的三维细胞集合体,包含自我更新和分化能力的干细胞,拥有原发肿瘤的基因谱系和病理特征,是肿瘤研究的新型体外模型。
循环肿瘤细胞:是来源于原发肿瘤或肿瘤转移灶的细胞,脱落后通过血液系统或淋巴系统进入患者外周循环血液中,与肿瘤的侵袭转移能力相关,且可以在一定程度上反映患者病情进展,可代替组织活检等有创采样进行疾病诊断、基础研究和预后判断。

背景:肿瘤类器官使肿瘤生物学研究、肿瘤新药筛选与开发以及精准化个体医学成为可能,并具有高通量、高效率和更加接近体内肿瘤生物学作用的优势。
目的:对患者来源肿瘤类器官的发展与新进展做系统性综述,并对肿瘤类器官未来的应用方向与价值进行展望,以期为相关领域的研究者提供肿瘤类器官的特征全貌。
方法:在PubMed、Web of Science、Springer、CNKI等数据库中以“肿瘤类器官、类器官、肿瘤研究、三维培养、肿瘤干细胞;Tumor/cancer organoids,Organoids,Cancer research,Three-dimensional culture,Cancer stem cell”为关键词检索与肿瘤类器官及患者来源肿瘤类器官相关文献,包括临床研究与基础研究等文章,检索时间主要在2017年2月至2020年2月。
结果与结论:肿瘤类器官弥补了基于传统细胞系进行肿瘤研究的缺点,是更加可靠的肿瘤研究体外模型;根据不同肿瘤类型及患者自身情况,可选择不同来源的患者肿瘤细胞构建肿瘤类器官,通过添加细胞因子和生物材料优化培养条件是肿瘤类器官培养的关键;患者来源的肿瘤类器官高度保留了肿瘤异质性,为肿瘤生物学研究、新药筛选和精准医疗提供了更加真实可靠的平台;但是患者来源的肿瘤类器官不能完全重现肿瘤微环境,如缺少血管的支持、神经-体液的调节、免疫细胞的作用等,因此并不能完全体现肿瘤进展中的变化,共培养等技术可为模拟肿瘤微环境提供支持。
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3154-2550(冯紫伊) 

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程

关键词: 肿瘤类器官, 类器官培养, 新药筛选研发, 精准医学

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Tumor organoids provide the foundation for tumor biology research, screening and development of new tumor drugs, and precision individual medicine, with the advantages of high-throughput, high efficiency, and closer to the biological role of tumors in vivo.
OBJECTIVE: This article systematically reviews the development and new progress of patient-derived tumor organoids, prospect the application direction and value of tumor organoids in the future, so as to provide the characteristic panorama of tumor organoids for researchers in related fields. 
METHODS: In databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, Springer, and CNKI, the literature related to tumor organoids and patient-derived organoids was searched using the keywords of “Tumor/cancer organoids, Organoids, Cancer research, Three-dimensional culture, Cancer stem cell” in English and Chinese, respectively. Both clinical and basic researches were summarized from February 2017 to February 2020.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Tumor organoids can make up for the shortcomings of tumor research based on traditional cell lines, and are more reliable in the in vitro models for tumor research. According to different tumor types and patients’ own conditions, it is possible to select tumor cells from different sources to construct tumor organoids. Optimizing culture conditions by adding cytokines and biological materials is the key to tumor organoid culture. The patient-derived tumor organoids highly retain tumor heterogeneity, so that they can provide a more realistic and reliable platform for tumor biology research, new drug screening and precision medicine. However, patient-derived tumor organoids cannot fully reproduce the tumor microenvironment, such as lack of vascular support, nerve-humoral regulation, and immune cells function, so they cannot fully reflect changes in tumor progress, but co-culture and techniques can provide support for simulating the tumor microenvironment.

Key words: tumor organoids, organoids culture, new drug screening research and development, precision medicine

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