中国组织工程研究 ›› 2025, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (4): 872-880.doi: 10.12307/2025.225

• 生物材料综述 biomaterial review • 上一篇    

后交叉韧带胫骨附着点撕脱骨折:关节镜治疗中的材料、植入物及内固定技术

余  铭1,王  文1,2   

  1. 1贵州医科大学,贵州省贵阳市  550004;2暨南大学附属广州市红十字会医院,广东省广州市  510220
  • 收稿日期:2023-11-29 接受日期:2024-01-20 出版日期:2025-02-08 发布日期:2024-06-04
  • 通讯作者: 王文,博士,硕士生导师,主任医师,贵州医科大学,贵州省贵阳市 550004;暨南大学附属广州市红十字会医院,广东省广州市510220
  • 作者简介:余铭,男,1998年生,贵州省贵阳市人,汉族,贵州医科大学在读硕士,医师,主要从事骨关节及运动系统损伤方面的研究。
  • 基金资助:
    广州地区临床特色技术(2023-2025年)项目(2023C-TS11),项目名称:同种异体脱细胞真皮补片在巨大肩袖损伤中的应用,项目负责人:王文

Posterior cruciate ligament tibial attachment point avulsion fracture: materials, implants, and internal fixation techniques in arthroscopic treatment 

Yu Ming1, Wang Wen1, 2   

  1. 1Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou Province, China; 2Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital Affiliated to Jinan University, Guangzhou 510220, Guangdong Province, China
  • Received:2023-11-29 Accepted:2024-01-20 Online:2025-02-08 Published:2024-06-04
  • Contact: Yu Ming, Master candidate, Physician, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou Province, China
  • About author:Wang Wen, MD, Master’s supervisor, Chief physician, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou Province, China; Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital Affiliated to Jinan University, Guangzhou 510220, Guangdong Province, China
  • Supported by:
    Clinical Characteristic Technology in Guangzhou (2023-2025), No. 2023C-TS11 (to WW)

摘要:

文题释义:

后交叉韧带:起自胫骨髁间隆起的后方,向前、上、内止于股骨内髁的外侧,它对于膝关节的屈伸和旋转活动起着重要的稳定性作用。后交叉韧带发生损伤后,会造成膝关节直向及旋转不稳。
关节镜:是用于诊治关节疾患的内窥镜,借助它可以直接观察滑膜、软骨、半月板与韧带等结构。关节镜不仅可以用于疾病的诊断,而且已被广泛用于关节疾病的治疗。
背景:治疗后交叉韧带胫骨附着点撕脱骨折的最佳手术技术仍值得商榷。随着关节镜手术的应用与成熟,它在后交叉韧带胫骨附着点撕脱骨折的诊疗中有很大前景。
目的:综述关节镜技术在后交叉韧带胫骨附着点撕脱骨折治疗中的应用与进展,包括不同关节镜治疗方法、手术入路、胫骨隧道设计、缝合材料选择以及内固定植入物选择等。
方法:通过计算机对中国知网、PubMed、Web of Science及ScienceDirect等数据库中的相关文献进行检索,检索时间为2003年1月至2023年11月,中文检索词为“后交叉韧带,后十字韧带,撕脱骨折,关节镜”;英文检索词为“posterior cruciate ligament,avulsion,fracture,tibia,arthroscopic,operation,fixation,treatment”。共纳入97篇文献进行综述。

结果与结论:关节镜技术提供了一种可靠的治疗方式来治疗后交叉韧带胫骨附着点撕脱骨折。根据入路、缝合材料类型以及用于缝合的入路和胫骨隧道数量等不同,关节镜技术可以分为关节镜下缝线固定结合自体移植物增强重建、关节镜下多交叉带缝合桥固定、关节镜下高强度缝线固定以及关节镜下直接前后缝合悬吊固定等几类。在各种研究中,常用的临床结果评估指标包括关节活动度、Lysholm评分、国际膝关节文献委员会评分及KT-2000关节测量仪差等,研究显示关节镜手术后末次随访时上述指标检测结果较术前显著改善,影像学随访结果显示关节镜手术都取得了令人满意的结果。在随访过程中,接受关节镜技术治疗后的各类交叉韧带胫骨附着点撕脱骨折患者都未出现严重并发症,例如创伤性关节炎、神经血管损伤、围手术期伤口感染、血栓形成以及骨折不愈合等。

https://orcid.org/0009-0000-6095-1420(余铭)

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:生物材料;骨生物材料;口腔生物材料;纳米材料;缓释材料;材料相容性;组织工程

关键词: 后交叉韧带, 胫骨撕脱骨折, 关节镜手术, 缝合材料, 内固定, 治疗

Abstract: BACKGROUND: The optimal surgical technique for treating posterior cruciate ligament tibial attachment point avulsion injuries is debatable. With the application and maturity of arthroscopic surgery, it has great prospects in the diagnosis and treatment of posterior cruciate ligament tibial attachment point avulsion fractures.
OBJECTIVE: To summarize the application and progress of arthroscopic technology in the treatment of posterior cruciate ligament tibial attachment point avulsion fractures, including different arthroscopic treatment methods, surgical approach, tibial tunnel design, suture material selection, and internal fixation implant selection. 
METHODS: Relevant literature was retrieved from PubMed, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect databases through computers. The search period was from January 2003 to November 2023. Chinese search terms were “posterior cruciate ligament, posterior cruciate ligament, avulsion fracture, arthroscopy”. English search terms were “posterior cruciate ligament, injury, fracture, tibia, arthroscopic, operation, fixation, treatment”. Totally 97 articles were included for review.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Arthroscopic technology provides a reliable treatment for posterior cruciate ligament tibial attachment point avulsion fractures. Arthroscopic treatment for avulsion fractures of the tibial attachment point of the cruciate ligament can be divided into several categories based on the type of approach, suture material, and the number of approaches used for suture and fixation of the tibial tunnel: arthroscopic suture fixation combined with autologous graft enhancement and reconstruction, arthroscopic multi cross band suture bridge fixation, arthroscopic strong thread fixation, and arthroscopic direct anterior posterior suture suspension fixation. In various studies, commonly used outcome measures include knee range of motion, Lysholm scale, International Knee Documentation Committee, and KT-2000 arthrometer. Studies have shown that at the last follow-up, the score results showed significant improvement compared to surgery. In the radiological follow-up results of various arthroscopic techniques, all studies have shown satisfactory results. During the follow-up process, all types of patients who received arthroscopic treatment for cruciate ligament tibial attachment point avulsion fractures did not experience serious complications, such as traumatic arthritis, neurovascular injury, perioperative wound infection, thrombosis, and nonunion of fractures.

Key words: posterior cruciate ligament, tibial avulsion fracture, arthroscopic surgery, suture material, internal fixation, treatment

中图分类号: