中国组织工程研究 ›› 2025, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (33): 7048-7054.doi: 10.12307/2025.852

• 骨与关节有限元分析Finite element analysis of bones and joints • 上一篇    下一篇

三种内固定方式治疗髌骨下极骨折生物力学特征的有限元分析

王  磊1,李铖嵩2,张申申2,王  清2   

  1. 1福建医科大学,福建省福州市   350108;2福建医科大学附属闽东医院,福建省福安市   355000
  • 收稿日期:2024-07-22 接受日期:2024-10-11 出版日期:2025-11-28 发布日期:2025-04-12
  • 通讯作者: 张申申,硕士,主任医师,福建医科大学附属闽东医院,福建省福安市 355000
  • 作者简介:王磊,男,1978年生,吉林省吉林市人,汉族,硕士,副主任医师,主要从事骨创伤、手显微外科方面的研究。 李铖嵩,男,1998年生,福建省连江县人,汉族,福建医科大学在读硕士,主要从事骨创伤、手显微外科方面的研究。

Finite element analysis of biomechanical characteristics of three internal fixation methods in treatment of inferior patellar fracture

Wang Lei1, Li Chengsong2, Zhang Shenshen2, Wang Qing2   

  1. 1Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, Fujian Province, China; 2Mindong Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Fuan 355000, Fujian Province, China
  • Received:2024-07-22 Accepted:2024-10-11 Online:2025-11-28 Published:2025-04-12
  • Contact: Zhang Shenshen, MS, Chief physician, Mindong Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Fuan 355000, Fujian Province, China
  • About author:Wang Lei, MS, Associate chief physician, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, Fujian Province, China Li Chengsong, Master candidate, Mindong Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Fuan 355000, Fujian Province, China

摘要:


文题释义:

有限元分析:主要是运用有限元软件将连续的弹性几何体细分为由节点连接的数量有限的单元,然后构建成各种几何形状的求解区域,并对这些区域进行综合分析,其核心思想主要为“化整为零,集零为整”。可借助有限元分析方法,来设计出与人体反应近似的实验环境,进而模拟各种生理状态下的应力和位移分布情况。


背景:髌骨下极对伸膝装置完整性和稳定性以及保持良好的膝关节功能非常重要。目前临床治疗髌骨下极骨折尚没有统一的手术方法,但有效的内固定应该具备对抗股四头肌和髌韧带的拉应力与股骨髁的屈曲应力以及骨折断端分离移位的能力。

目的:通过有限元法建立髌骨下极骨折三维模型,对比克氏针张力带、克氏针张力带结合环抱、克氏针张力带结合纵向捆绑3种固定方式的生物力学稳定性,进而为髌骨下极骨折的治疗提供一种可靠的术式选择。
方法:选择一名健康的女性志愿者进行膝关节CT扫描,利用有限元软件构建髌骨下极骨折模型。根据不同内固定方式设定为A、B、C组:A组为克氏针张力带固定,B组为克氏针张力带结合环抱固定,C组为克氏针张力带结合纵向捆绑固定。在相同的支撑和约束条件下,运用有限元分析软件评估3种内固定模型的生物力学特性。

结果与结论:有限元分析结果表明,在45°合力方向上施加不同大小载荷的条件下,C组相比于A、B两组整体模型、髌骨骨折端及内固定物的位移最小,模型及内固定物的应力最小。提示相较于克氏针张力带和克氏针张力带结合环抱这两种内固定方式,克氏针张力带结合纵向捆绑技术呈现出更小的位移和应力,具备更出色的生物力学强度及更为可靠的内固定强度,从理论上来讲可以很好地满足患者术后早期进行功能锻炼的需求。 

https://orcid.org/0009-0003-8916-6866(王磊);https://orcid.org/0009-0000-3644-7638(李铖嵩)

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

关键词: 髌骨下极, 骨折, 骨折内固定, 克氏针张力带结合纵向捆绑, 有限元分析, 生物力学, 骨科植入物

Abstract: BACKGROUND: The inferior pole of the patella is very important for the integrity and stability of the knee extensor mechanism and maintaining good knee joint function. Currently, there is no unified surgical method for the clinical treatment of inferior pole patella fractures, but effective internal fixation should have the ability to counteract the tensile stress of the quadriceps and patellar ligament, the flexion stress of the femoral condyle, and the separation and displacement of the fracture ends. 
OBJECTIVE: A three-dimensional model of patellar inferior pole fracture was established by finite element method to compare the fixation effect and biomechanical stability of Kirschner-tension band, Kirschner-tension band combined with encircling, Kirschner-tension band combined with longitudinal binding, so as to provide a reliable surgical choice for clinical treatment of patellar inferior pole fracture.
METHODS: A healthy female volunteer was selected to undergo CT scan of the knee joint, and a model of the fracture of the inferior pole of the patella was constructed using finite element software. According to different internal fixation methods, they were divided into three groups: A, B and C. Group A received tension-band wiring; group B received tension-band wiring combined with cerclage wiring, and group C received tension-band wiring combined with separate vertical wiring. Under the same support and constraint conditions, the biomechanical properties of the three internal fixation models were evaluated by finite element analysis software.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The results of finite element analysis showed that group C had the smallest displacement of the whole model, the patella and the internal fixator, and the smallest stress of the model and the internal fixator compared with group A and group B when different loads were applied in the direction of 45°. It is indicated that compared with Kirschner-tension band wiring and Kirschner-tension band wiring combined with cerclage wiring, Kirschner-tension band wiring combined with separate vertical wiring exhibits smaller displacement and stress, with superior biomechanical strength, providing a more reliable internal fixation. Theoretically, it is sufficient to meet the needs of patients to perform functional exercises after surgery in the early postoperative period. 

Key words: inferior pole of the patella, fracture, fracture internal fixation, Kirschner-tension band wiring combined with separate vertical wiring, finite element analysis, biomechanics, orthopedic implants

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