中国组织工程研究

中国组织工程研究 ›› 2010, Vol. 14 ›› Issue (35): 6587-6590.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.35.032

• 骨与关节学术探讨 academic discussion of the bone and joint • 上一篇    下一篇

人工膝关节置换：技术发展与临床应用及评价

王世和   

  1. 徐州师范大学体育学院，江苏省徐州市  221116
  • 出版日期:2010-08-27 发布日期:2010-08-27
  • 作者简介:王世和，男，1956年生，江苏省连云港市人，汉族，1982年徐州师范大学体育系毕业，教授，主要从事运动训练、保健康复等方面的研究。dd20031128@126.com

Artificial knee replacement: Technique development as well as clinical application and evaluation

Wang Shi-he   

  1. School of Physical Education, Xuzhou Normal University, Xuzhou   221116, Jiangsu Province, China
  • Online:2010-08-27 Published:2010-08-27
  • About author:Wang Shi-he, Professor, School of Physical Education, Xuzhou Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu Province, China dd20031128@126.com

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摘要：

目的：通过临床验证对人工膝关节置换术技术的发展、运用进行综述与评价。
方法：以 “人工膝关节；置换；假体；移植重建”为中文关键词，以“total knee arthroplasty，prosthesis”为英文关键词，采用计算机检索1993-01/2009-10相关文章。纳入与人工膝关节置换术技术在膝损伤修复中的应用等相关文献；排除重复研究或Meta分析类文章。以28篇文献为主重点对人工膝关节置换术技术中材料的选择与运用、术后注意事项、易出现的术后问题等进行了讨论和综合分析。
结果：人工关节置换术目前常采用的术式有人工全髋、半髋关节置换术，人工全膝关节置换术，膝关节单髁置换术，人工踝关节置换术，全肩、肘工关节置换术和人工手、足关节置换术等。人工关节假体是置入人体内的材料，其形态的设计、表面处理、材料选用、制造工艺以及包装的要求都十分严格。不同膝关节假体的适应证应由膝关节的骨和软组织条件决定、膝关节韧带的质量和状态、关节畸形以及关节软骨破坏的程度决定假体的选择。                                                               
结论：选择高质量的假体、不断开发和推广使用其配套器械是全膝关节置换术普及和发展的关键。

关键词: 膝关节置换, 人工膝关节, 康复, 假体, 无菌性松动

Abstract:

OBJECTIVE: To review and evaluate development and application of artificial knee replacement.
METHODS: With “artificial knee joint, replacement, prosthesis, transplantation reconstruction” as Chinese key words and “total knee arthroplasty, prosthesis” as English key words, a computer-based online search was performed for articles published between January 1993 and October 2009. Articles related to application of total knee replacement in knee injury repair were selected. Repetitive studies or Meta analysis was excluded. A total of 28 articles were included, which discussed material selection and application, postoperative announcements and issues following total knee arthroplasty.
RESULTS: Joint replacement includes total hip and semi-hip replacement, total knee arthroplasty, single condyle replacement, condyle replacement, total shoulder, elbow replacement, and artificial hand and foot replacement. Artificial joint prosthesis is implanted in human body, therefore, the material design, surface processing, selection, manufacture technology and package are important. Indications of different knee prostheses depend on knee joint bone and soft tissue conditions, ligament quality and state, joint deformity and articular cartilage impairment degree.
CONCLUSION: High-quality prosthesis, development and application their assembled apparatus are important for total knee replacement development.

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