中国组织工程研究

中国组织工程研究

• 组织构建学术探讨 tissue construction academic discussion • 上一篇    

关节软骨中最基本的解剖功能结构：软骨单位

段王平，孙振伟，卫小春   

  1. 山西医科大学第二医院骨科，骨与软组织损伤修复山西省重点实验室，山西省太原市  030001
  • 出版日期:2010-06-11 发布日期:2010-06-11
  • 通讯作者: 卫小春，教授，山西医科大学第二医院骨科，骨与软组织损伤修复山西省重点实验室，山西省太原市 030001
  • 作者简介:段王平☆，男，1981年生，山西省洪洞市人，汉族，山西医科大学在读博士，医师，主要从事关节软骨损伤与修复研究。

Chondron: A basic microanatomical unit in articular cartilage

Duan Wang-ping, Sun Zhen-wei, Wei Xiao-chun   

  1. Department of Orthopedics, the Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Bone and Soft Tissue Injury Repair, Taiyuan   030001, Shanxi Province, China
  • Online:2010-06-11 Published:2010-06-11
  • Contact: Wei Xiao-chun, M.D., Ph.D., Professor, Department of Orthopedics, the Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Bone and Soft Tissue Injury Repair, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi Province, China
  • About author:Duan Wang-ping☆, M.D., Physician, Department of Orthopedics, the Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Bone and Soft Tissue Injury Repair, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi Province, China dwpsc2004121@yahoo. com.cn

摘要：

背景：关节软骨单位作为近年来才逐渐被重视的关节软骨功能结构，大量研究证实其在关节软骨代谢、力学传导及退变过程中发挥着重要作用，其明确的功能及作用机制问题尚需进一步深入研究。
目的：对关节软骨基本解剖功能结构—软骨单位的组织形态、功能、体外消化分离及退变的相关研究进行综述。
方法：计算机检索PubMed数据库2009-07前的相关研究论文进行综述，其中包括本实验室一些软骨细胞及软骨单位的相关前期研究数据和图片资料。
结果与结论：与周围基质相比，细胞周基质的特异性成分为Ⅵ型胶原，新生期该成分广泛存在于细胞外基质中，随着年龄增长，Ⅵ型胶原等成分逐渐浓缩于细胞周围狭窄区域。近期，有学者利用激光共聚焦显微镜对软骨细胞及软骨单位的体内原位形态学进行定量检测，利用微管吸吮和原子力显微镜等最新技术对软骨细胞及细胞周基质的生物力学特性进行检测。更多研究发现，细胞周基质的存在明显改变了软骨细胞相关基因表达。同时，在骨关节炎软骨退变时，软骨单位及细胞周基质同样发生了相应的退行性改变。目前，尽管细胞周基质的具体功能不是很明确，但越来越多的体内外研究证实，细胞周基质的存在调整了软骨细胞的代谢及力学微环境，软骨单位为关节软骨中最基本的解剖功能结构。

关键词: 关节软骨, 软骨单位, 软骨细胞, 细胞周基质

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: Chondron is a basic microanatomical unit of articular cartilage. Increasing evidence suggests that the pericellular matrix (PCM) is a distinct functional compartment in articular cartilage, influencing the metabolic, micromechanical environment, and degeneration of chondrocytes. But the precise functions and action mechanism need further investigation.
OBJECTIVE: To review the literature pertinent to the morphology, function, isolation of the chondron in articular cartilage, and its degenerative events during the progression of osteoarthritis (OA).
METHODS: This review summarized the articles published in the PubMed database before July 2009. In addition, recent data and figure of our laboratory on the morphology and biomechanics of chondron and chondrocyte were supplemented.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The PCM is primarily characterized by the presence of type Ⅵ collagen, and these components are widespread in the expansive extracellular matrix (ECM) in newborns, while in mature the components are mainly localized to a narrow pericellular zone. The three-dimensional morphology of chondron has been recently quantified in situ with fluorescence confocal microscopy, and the mechanical properties of the isolated individual chondrons and their PCM are measured using the micropipette technique and atomic force microscopy. More studies have shown that the presence of the PCM in chondrons has a profound influence on chondrocyte gene expression. At the same time, structural, histochemical and biomechanical studies indicate the chondron and their PCM may undergo degenerative processes with osteoarthritis, similar to those occurring in the ECM. Although the precise function of the PCM is unknown, increasing evidence in vivo or in vitro suggests that the PCM is a basic microanatomical unit in articular cartilage, influencing the metabolic and micromechanical environment of chondrocytes.

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