中国组织工程研究 ›› 2026, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (31): 8205-8209.doi: 10.12307/2026.485

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外周血嗜碱性粒细胞和异型淋巴细胞占比与传染性单核细胞增多症的关系

王会迟1,2,柴艳芬1,赵  娟2,赵  鹏2,边毓尧3   

  1. 1天津医科大学总医院急诊科,天津市   300070;河北中石油中心医院,2ICU,3急诊科,河北省廊坊市   065000
  • 收稿日期:2026-02-06 接受日期:2026-03-14 出版日期:2026-11-08 发布日期:2026-05-25
  • 通讯作者: 柴艳芬,硕士,博士/硕士生导师,天津医科大学总医院急诊科,天津市 300070
  • 作者简介:王会迟,男,1985年生,副主任医师,主要从事急诊危重症、脓毒症相关疾病和各种器官功能障碍研究。
  • 基金资助:
    河北省卫生健康委员会计划项目(20251464),项目负责人:王会迟

Relationship between the proportion of peripheral blood basophils and atypical lymphocytes and infectious mononucleosis

Wang Huichi1, 2, Chai Yanfen1, Zhao Juan2, Zhao Peng2, Bian Yuyao3   

  1. 1Emergency Department, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300070, China; 2ICU, 3Emergency Department, Hebei PetroChina Central Hospital, Langfang 065000, Hebei Province, China
  • Received:2026-02-06 Accepted:2026-03-14 Online:2026-11-08 Published:2026-05-25
  • Contact: Chi Yanfen, MS, Doctoral/Master’s supervisor, Emergency Department, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300070, China
  • About author:Wang Huichi, Associate chief physician, Emergency Department, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300070, China; ICU, Hebei PetroChina Central Hospital, Langfang 065000, Hebei Province, China
  • Supported by:
    Project of the Health Commission of Hebei Province, No. 20251464 (to WHC) 

摘要:

文题释义:

嗜碱性粒细胞:是白细胞的一种,起源于骨髓造血多能干细胞,在骨髓内分化成熟后进入血流。嗜碱性粒细胞胞体呈圆形,直径10-12 μm。
异形淋巴细胞:是外周血中出现的一种形态变异的不典型淋巴细胞,由Downey根据细胞形态特点分为Ⅰ型(泡沫型)、Ⅱ型(不规则型)、Ⅲ型(幼稚型)3种类型。Ⅰ型淋巴细胞胞体稍大,胞浆含空泡呈泡沫状;Ⅱ型细胞外形不规则,形似单核细胞;Ⅲ型胞体较大且可见核仁。

摘要
背景:临床通常将异型淋巴细胞占比作为传染性单核细胞增多症的辅助诊断指标,而嗜碱性粒细胞与异型淋巴细胞占比联合应用较少。
目的:探讨传染性单核细胞增多症患者外周血嗜碱性粒细胞和异型淋巴细胞占比与疾病严重程度和免疫活化程度的相关性及辅助诊断价值。
方法:选取45例传染性单核细胞增多症患者作为研究组,根据病情严重程度分为重度组14例和轻中度组31例,另外选取年龄、性别匹配的30例健康体检者作为对照组。采集空腹外周静脉血进行瑞氏-姬姆萨复合染液染色,显微镜下观察淋巴细胞的形态变化,计算异型淋巴细胞比例,使用全自动血液细胞分析仪检测白细胞计数、嗜碱性粒细胞计数、嗜碱性粒细胞百分比。采用Pearson相关分析嗜碱性粒细胞与异型淋巴细胞占比的相关性,采用受试者工作特征曲线分析嗜碱性粒细胞与异型淋巴细胞占比对传染性单核细胞增多症的诊断价值。
结果与结论:研究组患者的嗜碱性粒细胞计数、嗜碱性粒细胞占比及异型淋巴细胞占比均高于对照组(P < 0.05);重症组患者的嗜碱性粒细胞计数、嗜碱性粒细胞占比、异型淋巴细胞占比均高于轻症组(P < 0.05);Pearson相关分析显示,传染性单核细胞增多症患者异型淋巴细胞占比与嗜碱性粒细胞计数、嗜碱性粒细胞占比呈正相关(P < 0.05);绘制受试者工作特征曲线显示,嗜碱性粒细胞计数、嗜碱性粒细胞占比、异型淋巴细胞占比的曲线下面积分别为0.816,0.726,0.857,上述指标联合预测的曲线下面积为0.952。结果表明:嗜碱性粒细胞、异型淋巴细胞占比对于传染性单核细胞增多症具有较高的诊断价值,可参考作为评估传染性单核细胞增多症患者免疫反应剧烈程度和病情严重性的综合指标体系。

关键词: 传染性单核细胞增多症, 异型淋巴细胞, 嗜碱性粒细胞, 诊断价值

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Clinically, the proportion of atypical lymphocytes is often used as an auxiliary diagnostic indicator for infectious mononucleosis, but the combined application of basophils and the proportion of atypical lymphocytes is rarely reported.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the correlation of peripheral blood basophil and atypical lymphocyte proportions with disease severity and immune activation in patients with infectious mononucleosis, and to evaluate their auxiliary diagnostic value.
METHODS: Forty-five patients with infectious mononucleosis were enrolled as the study group and divided into severe group (n=14) and mild-to-moderate group (n=31) according to disease severity. Additionally, 30 age- and sex-matched healthy individuals undergoing physical examination were selected as the control group. Fasting peripheral venous blood was collected and stained with Wright-Giemsa compound stain. Morphological changes of lymphocytes were observed under a microscope, and the proportion of atypical lymphocytes was calculated. White blood cell count, basophil count, and basophil percentage were measured using an automatic hematology analyzer. Pearson correlation analysis was used to assess the correlation between basophil and atypical lymphocyte proportions. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was performed to evaluate the diagnostic value of basophil and atypical lymphocyte proportions for infectious mononucleosis.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Basophil count, basophil percentage, and atypical lymphocyte proportion were significantly higher in the study group than in the control group (P < 0.05). These parameters were also significantly higher in the severe group than in the mild-to-moderate group (P < 0.05). Pearson correlation analysis showed that the proportion of atypical lymphocytes was positively correlated with basophil count and basophil percentage in patients with infectious mononucleosis (P < 0.05). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed that the area under the curve for basophil count, basophil percentage, and atypical lymphocyte proportion was 0.816, 0.726, and 0.857, respectively, and the combined area under the curve for these indicators was 0.952. These findings indicate that basophil and atypical lymphocyte proportions have high diagnostic values for infectious mononucleosis and can serve as comprehensive reference indexes for assessing the intensity of immune response and disease severity in patients with infectious mononucleosis.

Key words: infectious mononucleosis, atypical lymphocytes, basophils, diagnostic value

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