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04 November 2016, Volume 20 Issue 45 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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miR-195 effect on osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells Song Peng, Jing Kai, Xue Jian-hua, Wei Peng-fei 2016, 20 (45):  6693-6699.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2016.45.001 Abstract ( 295 )   PDF (741KB) ( 240 )   Save BACKGROUND: Previous studies have found that the expression level of miR-195 in differentiated human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMMSCs) is significantly higher than that in undifferentiated hBMMSCs. However, miR-195 effect during this differentiation process and possible mechanism remain unclear. OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of miR-195 on osteogenic differentiation of hBMMSCs and possible mechanism. METHODS: hBMMSCs were isolated and cultured in vitro. Alkaline phosphatase activity, Runx2, osteopontin and SMAD7 protein expression and miR-195 expression level during osteogenic differentiation of hBMMSCs were determined by alkaline phosphatase kit, western blot and real-time PCR, respectively. miR-195-downexpressed hBMMSCs were constructed by lipofection transfection, and were used to investigate the effect of miR-195 was on osteogenic differentiation of hBMMSCs. Dual luciferase reporter assay was used to identify whether the 3’UTR of SMAD7 mRNA was a binding target of miR-195. In addition, we transfected hBMMSCs with SMAD7 cDNA (pcDNA-SMAD7), and investigated the effect of SMAD7 on osteogenic differentiation of hBMMSCs. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The isolated and cultured hBMMSCs had good osteogenic differentiation ability in vitro. Expression level of miR-195 was increased with the increasing of induction time, and the expression level of SMAD7 was reversed. miR-195 promoted osteogenic differentiation of hBMMSCs. Luciferase assay confirmed that miR-195 targeted SMAD7 directly, and overexpression of SMAD7 inhibited the osteogenic differentiation of hBMMSCs. Taken together, miR-195 promotes osteogenic differentiation of hBMMSCs by targeting SMAD7.     中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞；骨髓干细胞；造血干细胞；脂肪干细胞；肿瘤干细胞；胚胎干细胞；脐带脐血干细胞；干细胞诱导；干细胞分化；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Promotion of bone fracture healing by bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells Guo Qi-fa, Li Guang, Ren Rong, Li Ling-wei 2016, 20 (45):  6700-6705.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2016.45.002 Abstract ( 232 )   PDF (691KB) ( 282 )   Save BACKGROUND: In recent years, the development of stem cell culture and isolation technologies provides new therapeutic choices for fracture healing. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of exogenous bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells on bone fracture healing in traumatic fracture rats and on the migration ability of endogenous bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. METHODS: Femoral fracture models were made in 48 Wistar rats and then randomized into experimental group and control group (n=24/group). Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells from another healthy rats were isolated using adherent method and then injected into the rats via the tail vein in the experimental group. Rats in the control group were given the same volume of normal saline. At 2, 3, 4, 8, 12 weeks after injection, we extracted bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells from the femur of rats in the two groups. RT-qPCR was used to detect expression levels of type I collagen and CD44. Transwell method was used to detect cell migration ability. Immunohistochemitry method was employed to detect expression of nerve growth factors in the callus. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: mRNA levels of type I collagen and CD44 in rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were significantly higher in the experimental group than the control group at 2, 3 and 4 weeks after injection (P < 0.05). Compared with the control group, the higher migration ability of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells was found in the experimental group at 2 and 3 weeks after injection (P < 0.05) as well as the higher expression of nerve growth factor in the callus in the experimental group at 3, 4, 8, 12 weeks after injection. All these findings suggest that exogenous bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells can improve the migration ability of endogenous bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and the expression of nerve growth factor in the callus in rats with femoral fracture, thereby promoting fracture healing in rats.     中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞；骨髓干细胞；造血干细胞；脂肪干细胞；肿瘤干细胞；胚胎干细胞；脐带脐血干细胞；干细胞诱导；干细胞分化；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of indirect co-culture system on differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells into nucleus pulposus-like cells Wu Hai-jun, Yin He-ping, Hu Ji-ping, Liu Cong, Li Shu-wen, Bai Ming, Du Zhi-cai 2016, 20 (45):  6706-6713.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2016.45.003 Abstract ( 258 )   PDF (2218KB) ( 280 )   Save BACKGROUND: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for the treatment of degenerative disc diseases present a new therapeutic strategy for the structural and functional recovery of the degenerative intervertebral disc. OBJECTIVE: To study the differentiation potential of rabbit bone marrow MSCs (BMSCs) into nucleus pulposus-like cells. METHODS: Passage 3 BMSCs and nucleus pulosus cells (NPCs) extracted from rabbits were assigned into simple BMSCs culture, simple NPCs culture or co-culture group. In the former two groups, BMSCs or NPCs were cultured in 6-well culture plates. In the co-culture group, passage 3 BMSCs and NPCs were cultured on the upper or lower layer of the 6-well Transwell chamber, respectively. Cell morphology was observed by inverted contrast phase microscope. At 7 days of culture, immunocytochemistry, RT-PCR and western blot were used to examine the expression levels of type II collagen and aggrecan. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: At 7 days of co-culture, BMSCs were polygonal or short spindle-shaped, with no fiber-like changes, and cell morphology was close to that of NPCs. Additionally, the expression levels of type II collagen and aggrecan in the BMSCs co-cultured with NPCs were similar to those in the NPCs cultured alone, but significantly higher than those in the BMSCs culture only. Overall, these results show that coculture of BMSCs with NPCs can induce BMSCs differentiating into an NPCs phenotype, indicating that BMSCs may provide sufficient sources of cells for the biological treatment of degenerative disc diseases.      中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞；骨髓干细胞；造血干细胞；脂肪干细胞；肿瘤干细胞；胚胎干细胞；脐带脐血干细胞；干细胞诱导；干细胞分化；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Local transplantation of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells at different time after spinal cord injury in rats: a histological observation Chen Sheng, Jin Zheng-shuai 2016, 20 (45):  6714-6719.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2016.45.004 Abstract ( 349 )   PDF (1652KB) ( 309 )   Save BACKGROUND: Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a disease causing a variety of motor and sensory dysfunctions, abnormal muscle tone and pathological reflex. Clinically, human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell transplantation has become an employed therapy for SCI. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of local transplantation of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells in different time after spinal cord injury in rats. METHODS: 100 SPF male adult Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups: blank control group, SCI group, post-SCI 3-, 7-, 21-day transplantation groups (n=20 per group). Animal models of T10 SCI were made by Allen’s method in the latter four groups, and rats in the three transplantation groups were given HUCMSCs transplantation at 3, 7, 21 days after SCI, respectively. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with the SCI group, improved motor function scores, decreased interleukin-2 level, and increased serum interleukin-10 level were observed in the three transplantation groups at 49 days after modeling, indicating SCI was improved significantly in the three transplantation groups, especially in the post-SCI 7-day transplantation group. These findings suggest that human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell transplantation for SCI repair improves the movement function of rats, and cell transplantation at 7 days after modeling has achieved best outcomes.     中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞；骨髓干细胞；造血干细胞；脂肪干细胞；肿瘤干细胞；胚胎干细胞；脐带脐血干细胞；干细胞诱导；干细胞分化；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Optimal concentration of bone morphogenetic protein 2 used to inhibit adipogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells Chen Ming, Zhang Tao, Liu Jun, Li Zhi-yun, Min Yan 2016, 20 (45):  6720-6725.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2016.45.005 Abstract ( 231 )   PDF (1520KB) ( 248 )   Save BACKGROUND: Bone morphogenetic protein 2 cannot only promote osteogenesis, but also at different concentration ranges regulate the differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells into adipocytes. Therefore, it is very important for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis, if the range of concentrations of bone morphogenetic protein 2 can be found to regulate the differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells into adipocytes, after the induction of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. OBJECTIVE: To determine the optimal concentration of bone morphogenetic protein 2 to inhibit the differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells into adipocytes. METHODS: Bone marrow samples were obtained from the femur and tibia of rats. Primary cultured bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were obtained by adherent culture method in vitro. Flow cytometry was used to identify the surface antigens of passage 2 bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Cells at passages 2 and 3 were taken and cultured in adipogenic induction medium for 3 days followed by the addition of 0.5, 5, 50, 100, 200 μg/L bone morphogenetic protein 2, or culture medium of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (control group), respectively. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells cultured were identified by the flow cytometry. Oil red O staining results showed that the increasing number of lipid droplets was shown in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells induced by bone morphogenetic protein 2 under the increasing concentration of 0.5 to 50 μg/L; while the number of lipid droplets in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells decreased after 17 days of induction with bone morphogenetic protein 2 under the concentration of 100 to 200 μg/L. These findings indicate that 100 μg/L bone morphogenetic protein 2 can inhibit adipogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell, so as to reduce the formation of adipocytes in rats. Therefore, 100 μg/L bone morphogenetic protein 2 is better to inhibit adipogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells.     中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞；骨髓干细胞；造血干细胞；脂肪干细胞；肿瘤干细胞；胚胎干细胞；脐带脐血干细胞；干细胞诱导；干细胞分化；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of CM-Dil labeling on biological characteristics of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells Zhang Ya-ni, Yu Mei-juan, Feng Shan-wei, Wang Shu-hui, Li Mei-shan, Xiong Fu, Zhang Cheng 2016, 20 (45):  6726-6732.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2016.45.006 Abstract ( 442 )   PDF (1873KB) ( 363 )   Save BACKGROUND: Existing evidence has shown that CM-Dil-labeled mesenchymal stem cells have delivered better results in experiments in vivo and in vitro. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of in vitro CM-Dil labeling on biological characteristics and directed migration of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. METHODS: Mesenchymal stem cells were isolated and cultured from the bone marrow of Sprague-Dawley rats. The specific surface antigens, CD29, CD44, CD11b, CD45, were detected by flow cytometry. The rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were labeled with CM-Dil, and then were cultured and passed continually. Thereafter the morphology and proliferation ability of labeled cells were assessed. The strength and duration of fluorescence after CM-Dil labeling were detected. Transwell chambers were used to investigate the migration ability of labeled cells towards the homogenate of the gastrocnemius muscles of mdx mice. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The cultured cells were markedly positive for CD29 and CD44, but negative for CD11b and CD45, which were in accordance with the features of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. CM-Dil-labeled cells were not different from unlabeled cells in the aspect of morphology and proliferation. Fluorescence was still visible after passage; however, a reduction in fluorescent intensity was observed under an inverted fluorescent contrast phase microscope after labeling. The labeled cells showed no different migration ability from the unlabeled cells (P > 0.05). In conclusion, the procedure of CM-Dil labeling is safe, simple and effective. CM-Dil could be a good choice for labeling and tracing rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells.     中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞；骨髓干细胞；造血干细胞；脂肪干细胞；肿瘤干细胞；胚胎干细胞；脐带脐血干细胞；干细胞诱导；干细胞分化；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Reduced glutathione effect on the proliferation and neuronal differentiation of bone marrow stromal stem cells Feng Lin-jie, Gan Hong-quan, Yu Xiang-qian, Yang Jian, Bai Wei-fei, Liu Ying-jie 2016, 20 (45):  6733-6738.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2016.45.007 Abstract ( 224 )   PDF (1736KB) ( 179 )   Save BACKGROUND: As bone marrow stromal stem cells can be easily obtained and have multi-directional differentiation potential, it is an important approach to obtain neural stem cells for treatment of spinal cord injury through induced differentiation of bone marrow stromal stem cells. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of different concentrations of reduced glutathione on proliferation and neuronal differentiation of bone marrow stromal stem cells. METHODS: Bone marrow stromal cells were isolated and cultured by limited dilution method. The cloned bone marrow stromal cells were stimulated with reduced glutathione at different concentrations (0, 5, 10, 20, 40 mmol/L) respectively. After 72 hours of culture, proliferation of bone marrow stromal cells was examined by MTT assay. The morphology of bone marrow stromal cells was observed under inverted microscope and the cells were identified by immunofluorescence staining of microtubule associated protein-2 and glial fibrillary acidic protein. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: We found that 5 mmol/L reduced glutathione medium could promote the proliferation of bone marrow stromal cells (P < 0.05), but reduced glutathione at 20 and 40 mmol/L inhibited the cell proliferation (P < 0.05). The number and size of cell colonies in the 10 mmol/L reduced glutathione group had no obvious difference from the control group. Reduced glutathione at 10 mmol/L was powerful to induce the neuronal differentiation of bone marrow stromal stem cells, and most cells expressed microtubule associated protein-2 and glial fibrillary acidic protein. A random selection of 5 fields of view was conducted and percentage of bone marrow stromal cells differentiating into neuron-like cells was calculated as (62.0±4.8)%. These results confirmed that low-concentration (5 mmol/L) reduced glutathione can promote the proliferation of bone marrow stromal cells, while 10 mmol/L reduced glutathione has a strong induction of bone marrow stromal cells differentiating into neuron-like cells.     中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞；骨髓干细胞；造血干细胞；脂肪干细胞；肿瘤干细胞；胚胎干细胞；脐带脐血干细胞；干细胞诱导；干细胞分化；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Sufentanil combined with propofol anesthesia as an aid to umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cell transplantation for the treatment of spinal cord injury Li Wen-liang, Tong Dong-yi 2016, 20 (45):  6739-6745.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2016.45.008 Abstract ( 295 )   PDF (868KB) ( 301 )   Save BACKGROUND: Sufentanil and propofol are both found to have good neuroprotective effects on neurological damage in clinical practice. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of propofol combined with sufentanil in umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cells transplantation for the treatment of spinal cord injury. METHODS: Sixty-five Wistar rats were selected to make animal models of acute spinal cord injury using Allen’s method. Six hours after modeling, these rats were randomly assigned into combined group (injection of 2×107/L human umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cell suspension (0.5 mL) plus injection of 1.0-1.5 mg/kg propofol and 0.5 μg/kg sufentanil via the tail vein), stem cell group (injection of 2×107/L human umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cell suspension (0.5 mL) via the tail vein), or control group (injection of 30 μL of LDMEM containing 5% fetal bovine serum). S100β protein level in serum was detected in each group at 15 and 60 minutes after injection. Motor function of rat in each group was assessed by Basso Beattie Bresnahan (BBB) scoring and incline plane test at 1, 2, 4, 6, 8 weeks after modeling. Pathological changes of the spinal cord were observed at 4 weeks after modeling. Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor was detected using western blot assay at 1 and 2 weeks after modeling. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: After 15 and 60 minutes of intervention, S100β protein level was lowest in the combined group followed by the stem cell and control groups (P < 0.05). At 2, 4, 6, 8 weeks after modeling, scores on the incline plane test and BBB were ranked as follows: combined group > stem cell group > model group (P < 0.05). At 4 weeks after modeling, severe damage to the spinal cord and few nerve fibers were found in the control group; spinal cord hyperplasia and a few of regenerated axons and PKH-26-positive stem cells appeared in the stem cell group; while in the combined group, there were a large amount of PKH-26-positive stem cells and nerve axon-like structures. At 1 and 2 weeks after modeling, the highest protein level of vascular endothelial growth factor was found in the combined group followed by the stem cell group and control group (P < 0.05). To conclude, these findings indicate that propofol and sufentanil in umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cell transplantation therapy can promote the recovery of hindlimb function after spinal cord injury, thereby promoting the functional recovery of rats from spinal cord injury.     中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞；骨髓干细胞；造血干细胞；脂肪干细胞；肿瘤干细胞；胚胎干细胞；脐带脐血干细胞；干细胞诱导；干细胞分化；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of miR-1231 on proliferation, apoptosis and invasion of colon cancer stem cells Yan Li-kun, Li Wei, Yao Jian-feng, Mao Zhi-jun 2016, 20 (45):  6746-6752.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2016.45.009 Abstract ( 355 )   PDF (761KB) ( 261 )   Save BACKGROUND: Previous studies have found that miR-1231 is down-regulated in colon cancer stem cells (CCSCs), but the effect of miR-1231 on CCSCs remains unclear. OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of miR-1231 on the proliferation, apoptosis and invasion of CCSCs (CD133+CD44+). METHODS: CD133+CD44+ cells and CD133-CD44- cells were separated from SW1116 cells by immunomagnetic bead separation. The expression level of miR-1231 in CD133+CD44+ and CD133-CD44- cells was detected by qRT-PCR. miR-1231-overexpressing CD133+CD44+ cells were transfected with miR-1231 mimics or miR-control by lipofection transfection. The effects of miR-1231 on CD133+CD44+ cell proliferation, apoptosis and invasion were investigated by MTT, flow cytometry and Transwell assays, respectively. In addition, the expression levels of Ki67, Bax, Bcl-2, MMP-2 and MMP-9 protein in miR-1231-overexpressing CD133+CD44+ cells and control cells were detected by western blot. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: CD133+CD44+ and CD133-CD44- cells were obtained by the immunomagnetic bead separation. The expression level of miR-1231 in CD133+CD44+ cells was significantly lower than that in CD133-CD44- cells. miR-1231 suppressed CD133+CD44+ cell proliferation and invasion, but promoted the apoptosis in these cells. Western blot analysis showed that miR-1231-overexpressing CD133+CD44+ cells had obvious decreases in Ki67, Bcl-2, MMP-2 and MMP-9 protein expression and a significant increase in Bax protein expression compared with control cells. All these results further confirm that miR-1231 inhibits the proliferation and invasion but promotes the apoptosis in CD133+CD44+ cells. These findings suggest that miR-1231 can be a suppressor of CCSCs, which offers a novel potential therapeutic target for CCSCs and colon cancer.     中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞；骨髓干细胞；造血干细胞；脂肪干细胞；肿瘤干细胞；胚胎干细胞；脐带脐血干细胞；干细胞诱导；干细胞分化；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Notch2 regulates proliferation, invasion and migration of tongue squamous cell carcinoma stem cells Ge Zhen-qiong, Yan En-li, Sun Xue-rong, Ren Xue-mei, Xiao Hai 2016, 20 (45):  6753-6759.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2016.45.010 Abstract ( 260 )   PDF (897KB) ( 298 )   Save BACKGROUND: Previous studies have found that the expression of Notch2 is up-regulated in tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) stem cells, but the effect of Notch2 on TSCC remains unclear. OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of Notch2 on the proliferation, invasion and migration of TSCC stem cells (ALDHbr). METHODS: ALDHbr cells were enriched and separated by fluorescence-activated cell sorting technique from Tca8113 cells cultured in using serum-free medium, and Notch2 expression in ordinary TSCC cells (ALDHlow) and ALDHbr cells was detected by western blot. The ALDHbr cells transfected with Notch2 shRNA (sh-Notch2) by liposome served as experimental group, and ALDHbr cells transfected with sh-control were as control group. The effects of Notch2 on the proliferation, invasion and migration of ALDHbr cells were detected by cell counting kit-8 kit and Transwell assay, respectively. In addition, the expression levels of Ki67, matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9 protein in Notch2-silenced ALDHbr cells and control cells were detected by western blot. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The expression level of Notch2 in ALDHbr cells was significantly higher than that in ALDHlow cells (P < 0.05). The ALDHbr cell proliferation ability and Ki67 protein expression in the experimental group were obviously lower than those in the control group (P < 0.05). The ALDHbr cell invasion and migration abilities in the experimental group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P < 0.05). The expression levels of matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9 protein in the experimental group were obviously lower than those in the control group (P < 0.05). All these results show that Notch2 can promote the proliferation, invasion and migration of ALDHbr cells, which suggests that Notch2 plays an important role in the occurrence and development of TSCC, and it may be a potential molecular target for the treatment of TSCC.     中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞；骨髓干细胞；造血干细胞；脂肪干细胞；肿瘤干细胞；胚胎干细胞；脐带脐血干细胞；干细胞诱导；干细胞分化；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Expression of tumor stem cell surface marker CD44 in gastric cancer tissues and its significance Zhang Ze, Zeng Xiang-yong, Duan Shan 2016, 20 (45):  6760-6765.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2016.45.011 Abstract ( 281 )   PDF (728KB) ( 283 )   Save BACKGROUND: Studies have shown that CD44 expression is closely associated with malignant transformation of gastric cancer. OBJECTIVE: To study the expression of CD44 in gastric cancer tissues and its clinical significance. METHODS: Gastric cancer specimens from 94 cases of gastric cancer after surgery and normal gastric tissue specimens from 30 cases undergoing gastroscope examination were collected and detected using S-P method. The positive expression rate of CD44 protein in these two groups was compared, and the relationship between CD44 and prognosis was analyzed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The positive expression rate of CD44 protein in the gastric cancer group (73%) was significantly higher than that in the normal group (3%) (P < 0.05). The positive expression rate of CD44 protein in gastric cancer patients was remarkably associated with TNM stage, differentiation degree, invasion depth and lymph node metastasis (P < 0.05). The 3-year survival rate of gastric cancer patients positive for CD44 protein was significantly lower than that of negative patients (P < 0.05). The higher TNM staging indicated the lower differentiation degree, and lymph node metastasis and CD44 positive expression were independent risk factors (P < 0.05). To conclude, the expression of CD44 protein is related to the clinical pathological features and prognosis of gastric cancer patients to some extents.     中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞；骨髓干细胞；造血干细胞；脂肪干细胞；肿瘤干细胞；胚胎干细胞；脐带脐血干细胞；干细胞诱导；干细胞分化；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Regulation of Sox-9 and hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha in adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells Zhang Chuan-hui, Li Jian-jun, Yang Jun 2016, 20 (45):  6766-6773.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2016.45.012 Abstract ( 381 )   PDF (1878KB) ( 737 )   Save BACKGROUND: Gene transfection of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) can stably synthesize seed cells that secrete specific cytokines, thereby achieving long-term stable proliferation, differentiation and chondrogenic differentiation of seed cells. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) gene transfection on the expression of Sox-9 and hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1α) in rabbit ADSCs. METHODS: ADSCs were harvested from the posterior subcutaneous adipose tissue from Adult New Zealand white rabbits, then the cells were identified by immune fluorescent assay. After being transfected with pcDNA3.1-IGF-1, the cells were selected with G418. RT- PCR and western blot were used to analyze the expression level of HIF-1α in normal ADSCs, pcDNA3.1-transfected ADSCs, and pcDNA3.1-IGF-1- transfected ADSCs. The growth curve of cells was measured by MTT, and meanwhile, proliferation efficiency of cells was measured by counting CM-DiL-labeled cells. Immune fluorescent assay was used to analyze the expression of HIF-1α and Sox-9. And the content of glycosaminoglycan in each group was determined by using dimethylmethylene blue dye-binding assay. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The stably expressed pcDNA3.1-IGF-1 cell lines were successfully established and showed stable expression of IGF-1 at mRNA and protein levels. MTT and CM-Dil fluorescence results suggested that IGF-1-transfected cells displayed stronger proliferation ability and efficiency, and these cells showed a positive expression of HIF-1α and Sox-9 as well as higher glycosaminoglycan content than the other two groups (P < 0.01). All these findings indicate that IGF-1 gene transfection can effectively promote the proliferation of ADSCs, and promote the positive expression of Sox-9 and HIF-1α. And the secretion of chondral extracellular matrix such as glycosaminoglycan is also significantly improved.   中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞；骨髓干细胞；造血干细胞；脂肪干细胞；肿瘤干细胞；胚胎干细胞；脐带脐血干细胞；干细胞诱导；干细胞分化；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Transplantation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in the treatment of severe acute pancreatitis-associated lung injury Chen Jin-ling, Chen Yan-xia, Zhang Zhi-yong 2016, 20 (45):  6774-6781.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2016.45.013 Abstract ( 346 )   PDF (2410KB) ( 229 )   Save BACKGROUND: A large number of studies have confirmed that bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells can couple with the circulation of the blood to other organs, promote pancreatic tissue repair injury and reduce pulmonary fibrosis, which have certain therapeutic effects on pancreas and lung injuries. OBJECTIVE: To study the therapeutic effect on severe acute pancreatitis-associated lung injury in rats after the transplantation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. METHODS: Animal models of severe acute pancreatitis-associated lung injury were prepared in rats via retrograde injection of 4% sodium taurocholate. Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into three groups and received bone marrow mesencnymal stem cell injection via the tail vein in transplantation group, the same volume of normal saline in control group, or no treatment in normal groups. All the treatments in each group were performed 24 hours after modeling. Twenty-four hours after transplantation, hematoxylin-eosin staining of the pancreatic and lung tissues was performed. mRNA expressions of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β in pancreatic and lung tissues were detected. ELISA kit was used to detect levels of serum C-reactive protein and tumor necrosis factor-α. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: After modeling, under hematoxylin-eosin staining, there were a large number of inflammatory cells infiltrating in the damaged pancreatic tissues, accompanied by incomplete acinar structures, seriously destroyed lobular structures, alveolar fusion in the lung tissues, thickening of the alveolar walls, and a large amount of inflammatory cells infiltrating in the alveoli. These findings indicated successful modeling of severe acute pancreatitis-associated lung injury in rats. After cell transplantation, the number of infiltrated inflammatory cells in the damaged pancreatic tissue was reduced, with clear lobular structures and no bleeding from the acini; the structure of lung tissues was clear, with complete alveolar walls, and the width of alveolar space was reduced. Immunohistochemical results showed that transplanted DAPI-labeled bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were aggregated in the pancreas and lung tissue, and uneven distributed in the damaged area. No DAPI expression in the pancreas and lung tissue was found in the control group, indicating transplanted bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells migrated into the damaged pancreas and lung tissue through the blood circulation, to further repair the damage area. RT-PCR test results showed that compared with the control group, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation significantly reduced the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β in the pancreatic and lung tissues (P < 0.05). Higher levels of C-reactive protein and tumor necrosis factor-α were found in the control group compared with the normal group (P < 0.01), while the lower levels were obtained in the control group (P < 0.05). To conclude, our findings suggest that bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation is an effective therapy for severe acute pancreatitis-associated lung injury, and its mechanism may be associated with the reduction of inflammatory reactions and translation into the pancreas and lung tissue.     中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞；骨髓干细胞；造血干细胞；脂肪干细胞；肿瘤干细胞；胚胎干细胞；脐带脐血干细胞；干细胞诱导；干细胞分化；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation for osteoarthritis Wu Li-hong, Chen Tao, Wang Rui 2016, 20 (45):  6782-6787.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2016.45.014 Abstract ( 212 )   PDF (1836KB) ( 256 )   Save BACKGROUND: As the ability of self-renewal, differentiation and migration into damaged tissues, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells have been widely used in a variety of diseases. OBJECTIVE: To explore the therapeutic effect of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation on osteoarthritis in rats. METHODS: Thirty-six Wistar rats were randomly assigned into transplantation, model or control group. osteoarthritis models were established in the transplantation and model groups, followed by tail vein injection of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (5×107/kg) or the same volume of normal saline, respectively. Rats in the control group were subjected to no treatment. Four weeks after injection, levels of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells in the spleen, interleukin-17, tumor necrosis factor-α and transforming growth factor-β1 in serum were detected, and arthritis index and the degree of joint swelling were evaluated as well. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with the control group, both arthritis index and degree of joint swelling were increased significantly in the model group (P < 0.05), but these indicators exhibited a remarkable improvement after cell transplantation (P < 0.05). Levels of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells in the spleen in the three groups were ranked as follows: the transplantation group > the control group > the model group. The levels of interleukin-17 and tumor necrosis factor-α in serum in the transplantation group were lower than those in the model group but higher than those in the control group (P < 0.05). Highest level of transforming growth factor-β1 was obtained in the transplantation group, followed by the control group and model group (P < 0.05). To conclude, these findings indicate that bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation exert therapeutic effects in osteoarthritis rats by immune and cytokine regulation.   中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞；骨髓干细胞；造血干细胞；脂肪干细胞；肿瘤干细胞；胚胎干细胞；脐带脐血干细胞；干细胞诱导；干细胞分化；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Human amniotic mesenchymal stem cell transplantation for the repair of liver ischemia-reperfusion injury Wang Xin-dang, Zhang Jian-jun, Ye Kui 2016, 20 (45):  6788-6794.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2016.45.015 Abstract ( 250 )   PDF (883KB) ( 234 )   Save BACKGROUND: Studies have shown that human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells can differentiate into hepatocyte-like cells, suggesting that human amniotic mesenchymal stem cell transplantation provides a new potential for the clinical treatment of liver diseases. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of human amniotic mesenchymal stem cell transplantation on the repair of liver ischemia-reperfusion injury repair. METHODS: Sixty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into stem cell transplantation, model and control groups. Animal models of liver ischemia-reperfusion injury were made in the rats in the stem cell transplantation and model groups. One hour after modeling, rats in the stem cell transplantation were given injection of human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells (0.5 mL, 106 cells) via the tail vein, while rats in the model and control group were given L-DMEM (0.5 mL) or normal saline (0.5 mL), respectively. Liver function and liver morphology were detected at 1, 2, 3 weeks after transplantation. Meanwhile, RT-PCR detection and western blot assay were also conducted. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Liver function: Compared with the control group, levels of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and malondialdehyde were significantly increased in the model group at different time points after transplantation (P < 0.05), while a significant reduction in the levels of these three indicators was found after cell transplantation as compared with the model group (P < 0.05). (2) Liver morphology: 2 weeks after transplantation, rats in the model group exhibited hepatocyte degeneration and necrosis, and severe fibrosis, but these changes were remarkably alleviated in the stem cell transplantation group. (3) PT-PCR and western blot detection: 2 weeks after transplantation, a significantly higher level of hepatocyte growth factor in the liver tissue and a lower level of α-smooth muscle protein were found in the stem cell transplantation group compared with the model group (P < 0.05). All these experimental findings indicate that human amniotic mesenchymal stem cell transplantation can improve impaired liver function in rats, possibly through regulating hepatocyte growth factor and α-smooth muscle protein expression levels in the liver, and thereby promotes the repair of liver ischemia-reperfusion injury.     中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞；骨髓干细胞；造血干细胞；脂肪干细胞；肿瘤干细胞；胚胎干细胞；脐带脐血干细胞；干细胞诱导；干细胞分化；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Interventional effect of umbilical cord blood stem cell transplantation in rats with gestational hypertension Cui Xue-mei, Jing Xiao-xiao 2016, 20 (45):  6795-6800.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2016.45.016 Abstract ( 355 )   PDF (697KB) ( 295 )   Save BACKGROUND: With the depth understanding of mesenchymal stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells are found to exert a prominent effect on immune regulation and anti-inflammation. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the therapeutic effect of umbilical cord blood stem cell transplantation on endotoxin-induced hypertension in pregnant rats. METHODS: Twenty-four pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into three groups with eight rats in each group: control, model and experimental groups. Endotoxin-induced hypertension models were made in the model and experimental groups. Meanwhile, rats were given intravenous injection of umbilical cord blood stem cell suspension (1 mL) in the experimental groups and the same volume of normal saline in the control and model groups. Therapeutic effects of umbilical cord blood stem cell transplantation were observed through detection of systolic blood pressure, urine protein level, serum white blood cell quantity and Ang II and ET-1 expression. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with the control group, the systolic blood pressure, urine protein level and serum white blood cell quantity of rats were increased significantly in the model group, and over time, endotoxin continuously promoted these parameters in the model group. After cell transplantation, a significant reduction in systolic blood pressure, urine protein level and serum white blood cell quantity of rats was found in the experimental group compared with the model group (P < 0.05). After modeling, the expression levels of Ang II and ET-1 were decreased significantly, while these levels were increased significantly after cell transplantation (P < 0.05). These findings indicate that umbilical cord blood stem cell transplantation may have a certain therapeutic effect on gestational hypertension in rats, which may be realized by regulating the secretion of endothelial injury-related factors.     中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞；骨髓干细胞；造血干细胞；脂肪干细胞；肿瘤干细胞；胚胎干细胞；脐带脐血干细胞；干细胞诱导；干细胞分化；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Broad-spectrum antibiotics prevent against early infection after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation Duan Ling-xiao 2016, 20 (45):  6801-6806.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2016.45.017 Abstract ( 273 )   PDF (619KB) ( 321 )   Save BACKGROUND: Occurrence of acute graft-versus-host disease after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is closely related to early infection, so controlling infection can decrease the transplant- related mortality. OBJECTIVE: To explore effects of broad-spectrum antibiotics on the occurrence of early infection after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. METHODS: Clinical data of 31 patients undergoing autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation were collected. Within 30 days after cell transplantation, occurrence rate and types of early infection were detected and recorded. Besides, distribution of pathogens, as well as treatment and outcome of patients were statistically observed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: All patients successfully underwent hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, and the occurrence rate of infection was 71% with no death at early stage after cell transplantation. Twenty strains of pathogens were detected, in which gram-negative bacteria accounted for 80%. In addition, there was a significant negative correlation between the number of neutrophils in the peripheral blood and the duration of infection (P < 0.01). These results indicate that the infection rate at early stage after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is relatively higher, which is associated with reduction and recovery time of neutrophils. Therefore, it is advisable to choose appropriate broad-spectrum antibiotics for preventive treatment at early stage after cell transplantation, so as to quickly and effectively control infections.     中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞；骨髓干细胞；造血干细胞；脂肪干细胞；肿瘤干细胞；胚胎干细胞；脐带脐血干细胞；干细胞诱导；干细胞分化；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Role of the ERK pathway in the proliferation and differentiation of human epidermal stem cells Li Bing, Wang Jun-ai 2016, 20 (45):  6807-6813.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2016.45.018 Abstract ( 327 )   PDF (675KB) ( 264 )   Save BACKGROUND: Epidermal stem cells (ESCs) cultured in vitro can easily become differentiated and aged, but have limited proliferation ability. These characters limit the application and development of ESCs in skin tissue engineering. Increasing understanding of the regulatory mechanism of ESCs proliferation and differentiation would lay the theoretical foundation for the clinical application of ESCs. OBJECTIVE: To identify the role of the ERK pathway in the proliferation and differentiation of ESCs. METHODS: ESCs were isolated and cultured in vitro. The activity of the ERK pathway was blocked by PD98059 and the activation of the ERK pathway was conducted by PMA or transfecting MEK1 recombinant plasmid to enable the overexpression of MEK1. The effect of activation or blockage of the ERK pathway on the proliferation and colony formation ability of ESCs was detected by MTT and colony formation assay, respectively. The expression of ESCs markers K19 and β1-integrin and differentiated cell marker K10 was detected by western blot. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: When the activity of the ERK pathway was blocked by PD98059, the proliferation and colony formation abilities of ESCs were inhibited and the differentiation was enhanced. On the contrary, activating the ERK pathway by PMA or upregulation of MEK1 enhanced the proliferation and colony formation abilities of ESCs but inhibited the cell differentiation. These results indicate that the ERK pathway plays an important role in the proliferation and differentiation of ESCs.     中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞；骨髓干细胞；造血干细胞；脂肪干细胞；肿瘤干细胞；胚胎干细胞；脐带脐血干细胞；干细胞诱导；干细胞分化；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of miR-2135 on the P19 cell proliferation and differentiation into cardiomyocytes Li Hui 2016, 20 (45):  6814-6820.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2016.45.019 Abstract ( 413 )   PDF (709KB) ( 255 )   Save BACKGROUND: Previous studies have found that the expression level of miR-2135 in differentiated P19 cells is significantly higher than that in undifferentiated P19 cells. However, the effects of miR-2135 on P19 cell proliferation and differentiation into cardiomyocytes as well as cardiomyogenesis remain unclear. OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of miR-2135 on P19 cell proliferation and differentiation into cardiomyocytes. METHODS: P19 cells were transferred with miR-2135 knockdown plasmid or vector plasmid. After 4 days of culture, cell proliferation was detected by MTT assay. Flow cytometry was used to detect cell cycle at 0, 24, 48 hours of culture. P19 cells in the two groups were induced to differentiate into cardiomyocytes. The expression of miR-2135 in differentiated and undifferentiated P19 cells was detected by quantitative real-time PCR at 0 and 10 days of induction. Levels of cardiac troponin T, atrial natriuretic peptide and myocardial transcription factor were detected using western blot assay at 10 days of induction. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Expression level of miR-2135 in miR-2135-downexpressed P19 cells was obviously reduced. Compared with control cells, miR-2135 knockdown significantly upregulated P19 cell proliferation (P < 0.05) as well as induced a cell cycle rest in S stage after 24 and 48 hours of culture (P < 0.05). PCR findings showed that in the miR-2135 knockdown group, the expression level of miR-2135 at 10 days of induction was significantly higher than that at 0 day of induction (P < 0.01). Western blot assay showed that miR-2135-downexpressed P19 cells had obvious decreases in the protein levels of cardiac troponin T, atrial natriuretic peptide and myocardial transcription factor at 10 days of induction. Our findings confirm that miR-2135 inhibits P19 cell proliferation, but promotes the differentiation of P19 cells into cardiomyocytes.     中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞；骨髓干细胞；造血干细胞；脂肪干细胞；肿瘤干细胞；胚胎干细胞；脐带脐血干细胞；干细胞诱导；干细胞分化；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Neural stem cells modified by human telomerase reverse transcriptase gene: superparamagnetic iron oxide labeling and in vitro MRI imaging Dou Wen-guang, Yue Jun-yan, Hu Ying, Wu Qing-wu, Chen Jie 2016, 20 (45):  6821-6826.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2016.45.020 Abstract ( 262 )   PDF (793KB) ( 213 )   Save BACKGROUND: Cell labeling in combination with in vitro MRI imaging can be used to noninvasively label transplanted neural stem cells (NSCs), thereby exhibiting the existing site, existing way and some biological properties of the cells. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) nanoparticles on the biological characteristics of NSCs modified by human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) gene and explore the changes of MRI after labeling in vitro. METHODS: NSCs from rat bone marrow were cultured in vitro, and then were divided into normal NSCs group, control group (SPIO-labeled NSCs), negative control group (SPIO group) and hTERT transfection group (SPIO-labeled NSCs transfection group). Using electropration method, pcDNA3-hTERT recombinant plasmids were transfected into NSCs, followed by SPIO labeling. Afterwards, 4.7T MRI imaging was used to scan SPIO-labeled NSCs. Cell cycle and proliferation were detected using flow cytometry and MTT assay, respectively. Expression of hTERT at protein and gene levels was detected using RT-PCR and western blot. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Prussian blue staining showed 97% of NSCs were labeled by SPIO. MRI results showed that compared with the normal NSCs group, T2 and T2* relaxation time was significantly declined in the control group, and the corresponding relaxation rate was significantly increased (P < 0.01). Compared with the normal NSCs group, SPIO-labeled cells in the other three groups showed stronger proliferation ability, and exhibited a cell cycle rest in G0-G1 and S stages. RT-PCR and western blot results showed that mRNA and protein expressions of hTERT were significantly higher in the hTERT transfection group than the control and negative control groups. These findings indicate that in vitro SPIO can efficiently label NSCs, and SPIO-labeled NSCs under hTERT modification can stably express hTERT gene and strengthen the proliferation ability. Additionally, 4.7T MR is effective for in vitro imaging of labeled cells.     中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞；骨髓干细胞；造血干细胞；脂肪干细胞；肿瘤干细胞；胚胎干细胞；脐带脐血干细胞；干细胞诱导；干细胞分化；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Nerve growth factor intervention triggers changes in the neural stem cells of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis rats Wang Xue-jun, Li Mao 2016, 20 (45):  6827-6833.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2016.45.021 Abstract ( 281 )   PDF (767KB) ( 527 )   Save BACKGROUND: Nerve growth factor is a neurotrophic factor that is involved in the cell regulation and promotes the proliferation of neural stem cells. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of nerve growth factor on neural stem cells of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis rats. METHODS: Wistar rats, 3 weeks of age, were randomly divided into control group, encephalomyelitis model group, nerve growth factor treatment group. Rat models of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis were made in the latter two groups. On the day of onset, rats in the nerve growth factor treatment group were given intraperitoneal injection of 1 000 U/kg nerve growth factor for 7 continuous days, and rats in the other two groups given no treatment. Effects of nerve growth factor on clinical symptoms of model rats were observed. Expression of Brdu in the subependymal zone and Brdu+/GFAP+ expression in the cortex were detected. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Rat models of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis appeared to have encephalomyelitis symptoms successively at the beginning of 10-day immunization, while rats in the control group had no symptoms of encephalomyelitis. In the model group, glial cell hyperplasia, inflammatory cell infiltration, damage to vascular endothelial cell proliferation, and perivascular aggregation of inflammatory cells in the rat brain were found, while no abnormal changes in the rat brain were found in the control group. Compared with the model group, the expression of Brdu in the subependymal zone and Brdu+/GFAP+ expression in the cortex were both higher in the model group (P < 0.05), and these expressions were also higher in the nerve growth factor treatment group than the model group at 7 and 21 days after onset (P < 0.05). To conclude, these findings suggest that the rat model of autoimmune encephalomyelitis can be successfully established, and nerve growth factor treatment can improve clinical symptoms of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis rats by promoting the proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells into astrocytes.     中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞；骨髓干细胞；造血干细胞；脂肪干细胞；肿瘤干细胞；胚胎干细胞；脐带脐血干细胞；干细胞诱导；干细胞分化；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Mechanical regulation of chondrogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal cells Zhang Xiao-mei, Peng Xu, Wei Shi-hang, Shi Xue-ni, Liu Yan, He Xue-ling 2016, 20 (45):  6834-6840.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2016.45.022 Abstract ( 365 )   PDF (776KB) ( 268 )   Save BACKGROUND: Bone marrow mesenchymal cells are ideal seed cells for tissue engineering and cell therapy. We are seeking to improve the cartilage repair strategy based on bone marrow mesenchymal cells in vitro by use of natural mechanical transfer pathways. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the mechanical factors affecting the fate of bone marrow mesenchymal cells and utilize the mechanical strategy to induce chondrogenesis. METHODS: The first author retrieved the literature in CNKI, PubMed, Medline and Elsevier databases (1985-2015) with the key words of “mechanical regulation, bone marrow mesenchymal cells, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, chondrogenic differentiation, cartilage differentiation”. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Herein, we summarize some latest research results on the mechanical stimulus-induced chondrogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal cells, discuss the effects of different mechanical stimulations on the chondrogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal cells, as well as summarize the biological mechanism and signal pathways of the cells in response to mechanical stimulations in the process of chondrogenic differentiation. At last, this paper points out the future prospects of the key problems in this field, such as cartilage regeneration and repair strategy based on chondrogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal cells under mechanical stimulation.     中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞；骨髓干细胞；造血干细胞；脂肪干细胞；肿瘤干细胞；胚胎干细胞；脐带脐血干细胞；干细胞诱导；干细胞分化；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics