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15 January 2015, Volume 19 Issue 3 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Allogenic versus autologous bone filled cages for cervical spondylotic myelopathy Sun Jia-jia, Yang Hui-lin, Zhou Jun, Zhang Bin, Zhang Kai 2015, 19 (3):  329-334.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2015.03.001 Abstract ( 354 )   PDF (364KB) ( 446 )   Save BACKGROUND: There are many filling materials used in anterior cervical fusion. Autogenous bone and allograft bone account for a large proportion; however, autogenous bone induces many complications such as hemorrhage, infection and postoperative pain in the donor bone region, which has been attracted attentions gradually. Allogeneic bone with good biocompatibility and safety can be used as a kind of ideal fusion filling material. OBJECTIVE: To compare the clinical efficacy of autogenous bone or allograft bone filled cage combined with steel plate in the anterior cervical fusion. METHODS: A total of 44 patients (44 segments) with cervical spondylotic myelopathy underwent anterior cervical discectomy, interbody fusion combined with steel plate fixation from January 2012 to June 2013. An oblique anterior cervical incision, 2.5-3.0 cm, was made. The intervertebral disc and posterior longitudinal ligament were cut and the endplate was tried to be reserved. Then, the iliac bone from 24 cases was obtained for the interbody fusion, and allogeneic bone was used in 20 cases. Clinical efficacy was assessed with X-ray, Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) grade and Odom’s evaluation scale. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: All patients acquired the follow-up of 12-18 months, and there were no significant differences between the two groups in the postoperative complications and JOA score. The excellent and good rate (Odom’s standard) was significantly higher in the allogeneic bone group than the autogenous bone group (P < 0.05). After 3 and 6 months, the fusion rates in the allogeneic bone group were lower than those in the autogenous bone group, and the fusion rates of two groups were 100% after 12 months. Imaging studies revealed that at 3, 6, 12 months after operation, there were no differences between the two groups in the intervertebral height and Cobb’s angle (P > 0.05). These findings indicate that allogeneic bone has a fusion rate similar to the autogenous iliac bone in the treatment of cervical spondylotic myelopathy, and it also can maintain the cervical physiological curvature and help to restore the intervertebral height, which is considered as an ideal bone filling material for anterior cervical fusion. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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CT-guided bone cement injection combined with artificial tiger bone meal to repair osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures: callus growth and bone healing Min Peng, Zhang Yan-ping, Cao Hong 2015, 19 (3):  335-339.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2015.03.002 Abstract ( 360 )   PDF (266KB) ( 736 )   Save BACKGROUND: Minimally invasive surgery for osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures obtained apparent effects. This method can support the vertebral height recovered and hardness, relieve the pain, and achieve early activity. However, long-term bed rest after surgery will induce many complications, and the prognosis will be not ideal. At present, many Chinese herbs have been used to restore osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures.   OBJECTIVE: To observe callus formation and fracture healing in patients with osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures repaired by CT-guided minimally invasive surgery with bone cement injection and artificial tiger bone meal. METHODS: A total of 85 cases of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures were selected. Patients were randomly divided into observation group (n=43) and control group (n=42). Patients in the observation and control groups respectively received CT-guided minimally invasive percutaneous vertebroplasty, matching with artificial tiger bone meal and Jiegu Qili pill. Callus growth, fracture healing and pain relief time were observed in the two groups. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The callus growth was good in patients of the observation group, mainly grade III and IV, and significantly better than in the control group (P < 0.05). Pain relief time and healing time were significantly shorter in the observation group than in the control group (P < 0.05). The excellent and good rate of Japanese Orthopaedic Association score was significantly better in the observation group than in the control group (P < 0.05). These results suggested that CT-guided minimally invasive percutaneous vertebroplasty in the combination with bone cement injection for osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures can obtain evident effects. The combined use of artificial tiger bone meal has a good promoting effect on fracture healing. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Bone tissue engineering induced composite scaffolds for repair of bone defects Tang Jun-jie, Li Wen-jie, Li Gen, Wang Jiu-na, Zhao Ling, Qin Wen, Zhao Hong-bin 2015, 19 (3):  340-346.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2015.03.003 Abstract ( 389 )   PDF (852KB) ( 714 )   Save BACKGROUND: In the early experiments, icariin chitosan/collagen/polycaprolactone/hydroxyapatite (CS/Col/PCL/HA) composite scaffold has good physical and chemical properties. OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of CS/Col/PCL/HA composite scaffolds to repair bone defects of rabbit tibia platform. METHODS: The outer of Col/PCL/HA composite scaffolds were prepared by electrospinning, and the core containing chitosan microspheres/collagen was made by vacuum freeze-drying process. Then the core was implanted into the outer to construct the drug-loading composite scaffold by genipin crosslinking. The microspheres carrying icariin chitosan were immersed into PBS to observe the slow-release effect. The composite scaffold was used to culture rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells for 7 days to observe cell adhesion. Fifteen chinchilla rabbits were taken to make the model of left tibia bone defect, and then randomly divided into three groups: CS/Col/PCL/HA composite scaffold group, Col/PCL/HA composite scaffold group, and blank control group with no materials. X-ray observation, gross observation, and histopathological observation were performed at 4, 12, 24 weeks after the surgery. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The drug-loading composite scaffold had a porous structure that was conducive to cell adhesion and proliferation. Chitosan microspheres kept a 19% drug release within 72 hours in vitro. Twenty-four weeks after surgery, CS/Col/PCL/HA composite scaffolds were completely covered by the newly formed bone tissue, and the scaffold surfaces were smooth and had hardness close to normal bone tissue; hematoxylin-eosin staining showed bone trabecula, bone cells and osteoblasts, but X-ray images showed the bone mineral density in the defect area was slightly lower than that of the normal bone tissue. Col/PCL/HA composite scaffolds were wrapped up by fibrous tissue, and hematoxylin-eosin staining showed bone trabecula, bone marrow cells and dense fibrous tissue. In the blank control group, the hardness of defect areas was significantly lower than that of the normal bone and hematoxylin-eosin staining showed a large number of bone marrow cells and bone trabeculae. The experimental results showed that CS/Col/PCL/HA composite scaffold could repair rabbit bone defects effectively. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Bio-ceramic combined with bone marrow stromal stem cells and bone morphogenetic protein in repair of large segmental radius defects in rabbits Wang Tian-sheng, Teng Shou-fa, Wang Fa, Guo Li, Ding Hai-jiao, Liu Peng, Zhang Ying-xia, Cao Yu, Wang Zhan 2015, 19 (3):  347-351.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2015.03.004 Abstract ( 394 )   PDF (415KB) ( 508 )   Save BACKGROUND: Synthetic bio-ceramics as good biological scaffolds can compound with autologous bone marrow stromal stem cells. Bone tissue engineering of their combination for bone graft brings a new hope for large bone defects.   OBJECTIVE: To observe the therapeutic effects and feasibility of bio-ceramic combined with bone marrow stromal stem cells and bone morphogenetic protein in repair of large bone defects in rabbits. METHODS: Rabbit models of 1.5 cm-long bone defects were made by implanting the middle radial bone in the upper limbs. Left bone defect region served as the experimental group, implanting with bio-ceramic combined with bone marrow stromal stem cells and bone morphogenetic protein. Right bone defect region served as the control group, only implanting with bio-ceramic. At 4, 8, 12 and 24 weeks after model establishment, general observation was performed in both groups. Histological changes were observed with radiographs to compare the repair and healing in the bone defect region. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: At 4, 8, 12 and 24 weeks after model establishment, compared with the control group, the repair of bone defects was faster, new bone formation was more, with complete plasticity, broken absorption was more apparent in the experimental group. At 24 weeks, bone defect region was completely bridged with broken ends of fractured bone. Bone was basically repaired. Results confirmed that bio-ceramic combined with bone marrow stromal stem cells and bone morphogenetic protein as graft materials in treatment of large bone defects of rabbits had a good therapeutic effect, and the effects were better than bio-ceramic alone. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Feasibility of cuttlebone/platelet-rich plasma compound in the repair of rabbit’s cartilage injuries Bi Heng, Wang Qing, Liu Tao, Yang Li-ding, Yao Xiao, Pu Hong-run, Ye Guo-yu, Xiang Jun-yi 2015, 19 (3):  352-357.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2015.03.005 Abstract ( 451 )   PDF (368KB) ( 553 )   Save BACKGROUND: Platelet-rich plasma is a kind of autologous platelet concentrate that includes a large number of growth factors, and it can promote the regeneration of the tissue cells and matrix, and stimulate tissue repair, whereas it is easy to flow, and thus cannot be effectively fixed in the injured site. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of cuttlebone/platelet-rich plasma compound to repair the rabbit cartilage.  METHODS: Twenty-one big-ear white rabbits were randomly divided into three groups. A model of osteochondral injury was made in the cartilage of the weight-bearing condyle of the rabbit right knee in the three groups, and respectively treated with implantation of cuttlebone/platelet-rich plasma compound in the experimental group, implantation of gelatin sponge/platelet-rich plasma compound in the control group, and nothing in the blank control group. The specimens were examined at 12 weeks postoperatively for gross observation and histological observation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: At 12 weeks after surgery, in the experimental group, the cartilage defect region was reduced significantly, chondrocyte-like cells appeared and arranged in alignment, showing a columnar distribution that is very close to the normal cartilage; in the control group, the cartilage defect region was narrowed a little, cartilage matrix-like tissues were visible but irregular; the blank control group, the cartilage defect region was narrowed slightly, and only bone cells, bone matrix and blood vessels were seen with no presence of cartilage or cartilage-like tissues. The defect diameter and depth in the experimental group were lower than those in the other two groups at 12 weeks after surgery (P < 0.05). These findings suggest that the cuttlebone/platelet-rich plasma compound can promote the healing of cartilage defects. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Bone filling mesh container for treatment of vertebral compression fractures can reduce the leakage of bone cement Li Dong-hua, Liu Xun-wei, Peng Xiang-tao, Wang Zhi-guo, Wang Bei-cheng, Jin Peng, Xie Zhi-yong 2015, 19 (3):  358-363.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2015.03.006 Abstract ( 430 )   PDF (1055KB) ( 643 )   Save BACKGROUND: By using the bone filling mesh container, a small amount of bone cement can be penetrated to the trabecular space to form a microscopic twist, thereby strengthening the vertebral body. But there is no report about bone filling mesh container for treatment of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures. OBJECTIVE: To compare the vertebral uplift and cement leakage of bone filling mesh container, percutaneous vertebroplasty and percutaneous kyphoplasty for the treatment of wedge-shaped osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures. METHODS: Ninety patients with wedge-shaped osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures were randomly divided into three groups. Polymethylmethyl acrylic bone cement type II was perfused into these three groups by bone filling mesh container, percutaneous vertebroplasty and percutaneous kyphoplasty, respectively. Bone cement type, vertebral uplift, leakage rate, visual analogue scale score, Oswestry disability index and Cobb’s angle were calculated and compared among the three groups. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The operation was successful in all patients. The success rate of puncture was 100%. There were 2 cases of bone cement leakage for percutaneous vertebroplasty and one case for percutaneous kyphoplasty. The vertebral uplift, visual analog scale score, Oswestry disability index and Cobb’s angle were improved significantly in the three groups after treatment (P < 0.05). Percutaneous kyphoplasty and bone filling mesh container were superior to percutaneous vertebroplasty on the aspect of vertebral uplift and kyphosis correction (P < 0.05), but there was no significant difference between the former two groups (P > 0.05). No difference in pain relief and action recovery was found among the three groups. These findings demonstrate that the bone filling mesh container with polymethylmethyl acrylic bone cement for treatment of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures can have a promising result in relieving the pain, lifting the injured vertebral height, and the correction of kyphosis, which can also reduce the leakage rate of bone cement. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Repairing articular cartilage defects by transplantation of periosteum combined with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and chondrocytes in vivo Liu Ji-bin, Hou Lian-dong, Yu Qiang, Bai Yi, Wang Yan-dong 2015, 19 (3):  364-369.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2015.03.007 Abstract ( 423 )   PDF (777KB) ( 434 )   Save ACKGROUND: The main strategies for cartilage repair include abrasion and lavaging, drilling, microfracture technology. But most of these technologies are considered certain limitations that can only alleviate pain and have short-term effects. Cartilage tissue engineering technology has great significance and broad application prospects for cartilage regeneration and repair. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of periosteum combined bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and chondrocytes on the repair of articular cartilage defects in the intercondylar fossa of the rabbit knee joints. METHODS: Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and chondrocytes were isolated and purified from rabbits. Twenty-eight New Zealand white rabbits were enrolled to create articular defects in the intercondylar fossa with peiosteal coverage in both knee joints, and then these rabbits were randomly divided into two groups: experimental and control groups. The defects in the left side were treated with transplantation of periosteum combined with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and chondrocytes or autologous periosteum in the experimental and control groups, respectively, while the defects in the right side received no treatment as blank controls. These rabbits were killed at 8 and 12 weeks after surgery in each group and newborn tissue samples at defect site were taken for gross observation, histological observation and Wakitani scoring. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: At 12 weeks after surgery, in the experimental group, the repaired tissues were substantially smooth with a very similar color to the surrounding cartilage tissues, a large number of chondrocytes and cartilage lacunae were visible to form the cartilage matrix, type II collagen immunohistochemical staining was positive, and the tissue was stained darker with toluidine blue; in the control group, the repair tissues were still white, the newborn tissues presented with local depression, less smooth surface, and hard texture, there was only a very small amount of chondrocytes, toluidine blue staining was shallow, type II collagen immunohistochemical staining was negative, and no cartilage matrix formed; in the blank control group, the cartilage defects collapsed with irregular surface, the repaired tissues were fibrous tissues and stained lighter with toluidine blue. These findings indicate that autologous periosteum combined with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and chondrocytes can effectively repair articular cartilage defects. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of tetramethylpyrazine on biological properties of tissue-engineered acellular nerve allografts Xiang Fei-fan, Yang Yun-kang 2015, 19 (3):  370-376.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2015.03.008 Abstract ( 404 )   PDF (564KB) ( 420 )   Save BACKGROUND: Increasing studies have shown that tetramethylpyrazine can play certain immunosuppressive effects on cells and allogeneic nerves, reduce the infiltration of inflammatory cells, and reduce the body’s immune rejection to nerve allografts. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of tetramethylpyrazine on the biological characteristics of tissue-engineered nerve bridging materials. METHODS: Acellular sciatic nerves were extracted from Wistar rats using chemical method to construct gene-modified nerve allografts that were cultured in complete medium containing 200 mg/L tetramethylpyrazine or not for 1 week to observe the cell distribution and structure. Twenty-four healthy adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were enrolled and randomly divided into four groups: in nerve xenograft group, sciatic nerve segments from Wistar rats cultured at 4 ℃ for 1 week were implanted subcutaneously into the back of Sprague-Dawley rats; in control group, tissue-engineered nerve segments cultured in the complete medium were implanted; in experimental group, tissue-engineered nerve segments cultured in the complete medium containing 200 mg/L tetramethylpyrazine were implanted; in nerve allograft group, nerve allografts from Sprague-Dawley rats were implanted. After 7 days, nerve segments were taken out for hematoxylin-eosin staining under light microscope, and the number of CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes was counted. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The acellular nerve segments with no cellular constituents had intact epineurium and basement membrane. After injection of nerve cells, there were more cellular components that distributed unevenly beneath the epineurium and between the perineurium. After 1 week of culture, more nerve cells proliferated and differentiated in the complete medium containing 200 mg/L tetramethylpyrazine or not, especially in the complete medium containing 200 mg/L tetramethylpyrazine. Under the light microscope, the degree of lymphocyte infiltration ranged from more to less: nerve xenograft group, control group, experimental group, nerve allograft group. These findings indicate that tetramethylpyrazine can reduce tissue-engineered nerve immunogenicity, but cannot destroy the three-dimensional structure of tissue-engineered nerves. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Repairing rabbit’s radial bone defects using injectable nano-hydroxyapatite composite scaffold co-cultured with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells Xue Zhen, Niu Li-yuan, An Gang, Guo Ya-shan, Lv Song-cen 2015, 19 (3):  378-383.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2015.03.09 Abstract ( 354 )   PDF (511KB) ( 567 )   Save BACKGROUND: Nano-hydroxyapatite/chitosan/calcium sulphate hemihydrate (nHA/CS/CSH) composite scaffold constructed in preliminary experiments has good physical and chemical properties. OBJECTIVE: To explore the effects of injectable nHA/CS/CSH scaffold co-cultured with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (nHA/CS/CSH/BMSCs) for repairing rabbit’s radial bone defects. METHODS: Bone defects with the length of 10 mm were created on the middle of the bilateral radial bones of 18 New Zealand white rabbits. The defects were filled with the nHA/CS/CSH/BMSCs composite as treatment group, while the others were filled with HA as controls. The ability of repairing bone defects was evaluated by gross, X-ray and histopathological observation at 4, 8, 12 weeks after implantation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: At the end of 12 weeks after implantation, in the treatment group, bone defects were completely repaired, the radial bone showed normal morphology, the bone marrow cavity was recanalized a ittle from both ends toward the middle, images in the defect area had no difference from normal bone tissues, a large amount of new lamellar bone tissues were visible, the Harvard’s system formed, the original defects were filled with newborn lamellar bone tissues, bone tissues were interconnected, and the bone marrow cavities was interlinked; in the control group, bone defect was repaired partly, the bone mineral density was lower than that of the normal bone tissue, the bone marrow cavities were recanalized partially, and a few of new lamellar bone tissues, accompanied with connective tissues growing into the defects. The nHA/CS/CSH/BMSCs is effective for the repair of bone defects. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Biocompatibility of barium titanate piezoelectric ceramic coatings Ma Hui, Xu Guo-qiang, Diilnur Aji, Wei Qin, Kang Wen, Wu Ze-yu, Rufiya Zulati, Alina Abdujilil, Pahirdin Kaisar 2015, 19 (3):  384-388.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2015.03.010 Abstract ( 396 )   PDF (376KB) ( 503 )   Save  BACKGROUND: The research group have used plasma spraying technique to prepare a piezoelectric ceramic coating on the surface of hydroxyapatite, but the biocompatibility of this new material is not clear. OBJECTIVE: To detect the biocompatibility of barium titanate piezoelectric ceramic coatings prepared by plasma spraying technique. METHODS: (1) Hemolysis test: The leaching solution of test samples, saline and distilled water were added into the rabbit anti-clotting, to detect the rate of hemolysis. (2) Short-term systemic toxicity test: Wistar rats were intragastrically given the leaching solution of test samples and normal saline, to observe the animal body weight changes. (3) Pyrogen test: The leaching solution of test samples and saline were injected into the ear vein of New Zealand rabbits, to observe the changes of animal body temperature. (4) Sensitization test: The guinea pigs were randomly divided into two groups, and respectively given the leaching solution of test samples and complete Freund’s adjuvant (experimental group) as well as the saline solution and complete Freund’s adjuvant (control group). In accordance with the stimulus and delayed-type hypersensitivity test requirements in GBT16886.10-2005 Part 10, the maximum dose was used for sensitization test. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The barium titanate piezoelectric ceramic coatings have no hemolytic effect, non-toxicity, no sensitization, and cannot cause hot, indicating that the biological piezoelectric ceramic coating has good biocompatibility. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of epigallocatechin gallate on remineralization of dentine caries Zhou Jing, Zhulidezi Tuoliebieke, Li Yi-ming, Wu Pei-ling 2015, 19 (3):  389-393.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2015.03.011 Abstract ( 419 )   PDF (365KB) ( 749 )   Save BACKGROUND: Epigallocatechin gallate can inhibit immune-inflammatory responses, and have anti-bacterial, anti-oxidation, anti-mutagenic and anti-cancer effects. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of the natural medicine epigallocatechin gallate on the remineralization of dentin caries through in vitro experiments. METHODS: A total of 30 extracted teeth for orthodontic reason were randomly divided into three groups: experimental group, control group and blank control group. After dentin caries were induced by lactic acid gel, the extracted teeth were immersed into 2 g/L epigallocatechin gallate solution, saturated Ca(OH)2 and artificial saliva, respectively, for 12 days. After treatments, the morphological structure of dentin surfaces were observed by scanning electron microscope, and the micro hardness of dentin surfaces was measured in three groups. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The microhardness of remineralized dentin surfaces was ranged as follows: control group > experimental group > blank control group, and there were significant differences between groups (P < 0.05). This indicated that epigallocatechin gallate and Ca(OH)2 were better than the artificial saliva in the dentine remineralization, and moreover, epigallocatechin gallate was inferior to Ca(OH)2 in the dentine remineralization. Under the scanning electron microscope, there were a lot of sediments on the dentin surfaces of the control group, but the dentinal tubule openings were not seen; the sediments of the experimental group were also seen on the dentine surfaces, and the surfaces were even; the least sediments were found in the blank control group, and there were some dentinal tubule openings that were not covered by sediments. The results of scanning electron microscope qualitatively demonstrate that the epigallocatechin gallate can promote the dentine remineralization. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Comparison of two different maxillary sinus lifting techniques with simultaneous dental implantation without bone transplantation: a follow-up of bone mass and stability around the implant Fu Zhi-feng, Guo Qing-ping, Miu Ying 2015, 19 (3):  394-398.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2015.03.012 Abstract ( 334 )   PDF (301KB) ( 593 )   Save BACKGROUND: Studies have demonstrated the maxillary sinus mucosa has an ability to promote bone formation, and over time, new bone can be formed in the space between the maxillary sinus intima and implant. OBJECTIVE: To compare the effect of opening sinus lifting and internal sinus lifting for immediate dental implantation without bone transplantation and to detect the survival of dental implants. METHODS: Fifty patients with insufficient bone in the maxillary posterior area were collected to undergo maxillary sinus lifting with simultaneous dental implantation without bone transplantation, and randomly divided into two groups, 25 in opening sinus lifting group and 35 in internal sinus lifting group. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: After a 12-month follow-up, 59 implants functioned normally, and 1 implant was loose after opening sinus lifting. The operative time and the amount of bleeding were significantly lower in the internal sinus lifting group than the opening sinus lifting (P < 0.05), but there was no difference in the short-term stability (postoperative 12 months) between the two groups (P > 0.05). Twelve months after operation, the bone mass around the implant was significantly less in the opening sinus lifting group than the internal sinus lifting group (P < 0.05). These findings indicate that maxillary sinus lifting techniques with simultaneous implants but without bone transplantation is feasible, which is characterized as simple operation process and less cost, but long-term stability needs further observation. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Influence of different concentrations of enamel matrix proteins on bioactivity of human periodontal ligament cells Qu Zhe, Zhang Jing-ying, Guo Ying, Ma Wei-dong, Ma Lan 2015, 19 (3):  399-404.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2015.03.013 Abstract ( 329 )   PDF (585KB) ( 520 )   Save BACKGROUND: Numerous studies have confirmed that enamel matrix proteins can promote the regeneration of osteoblasts and cementoblast, and then it can achieve approaching physiological periodontal regeneration in the treatment of periodontal defects. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of different concentrations of enamel matrix proteins on proliferation, viability, differentiation and migration of human periodontal ligament cells. METHODS: The human periodontal ligament cells at the third generation were gained, and then cultured in serum-free DMEM containing different concentrations of enamel matrix proteins (0, 12.5, 25, 50, 100, 250 mg/L). After 24 hours of culture, proliferation and viability of periodontal ligament cells were measured using [(3)H]-thymidine uptake and MTT assay. After 48 hours of culture, alkaline phosphatase activity and osteocalcin production were detected with commercial available test kits. When the cells grew as a monolayer, the cell culture fluid was removed, and then with a pipette head, a cell incision, 1 mm wideness, was prepared in a monolayer of cells to further observe the cell fusion continuously within 24 hours. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The proliferation, viability and differentiation of periodontal ligament cells were gradually increased with the concentration increase of enamel matrix proteins (0-100 mg/L). When the concentration of enamel matrix proteins was 250 mg/L, these parameters began to decrease, but the levels were still higher than those in the 0 mg/L enamel matrix protein group. In the 100 mg/L group, the cells in the wound edge began to grow towards the center in the initial 6 hours, then became confluent at 12 hours, and until the 20th hour of culture, the cells in the two sides of the wound edge were completely fused to fully close the wound edge, indicating a better wound healing in the     100 mg/L group than the other groups. These findings suggest that enamel matrix proteins can stimulate proliferation, viability, differentiation and migration of periodontal ligament cells. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Influence of four kinds of temporary fillings on coronal microleakage of endodontically treated teeth Zhang Run-zhen, Xia Rong, Ji Zhang-zhang 2015, 19 (3):  405-409.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2015.03.014 Abstract ( 1673 )   PDF (337KB) ( 1928 )   Save BACKGROUND: The teeth that need to do the root canal treatment mostly have large dental defects which are even residual crown and residual root, but it takes a long time for completing the permanent restoration after treatment. So the temporary fillings are important for sealing coronal microleakage after root canal treatment. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the influence of temporary filling materials on coronal microleakage of endodontically treated teeth and to discuss the influence of time on the sealing ability of coronal temporary fillings. METHODS: Totally 126 extracted teeth were collected, and divided into experimental group (n=120), positive control group (n=3) and negative control group (n=3). Root canal treatment was done in the experimental and positive control groups, and then the experimental group was subdivided into four groups in which, Coltosol, Caviton, ZOE, Ceivitron were used as temporary filling materials, respectively. In the positive control group, there was no filling material. The teeth in the negative control group maintained intact. The microleakage of samples was observed at 1, 2, 4 weeks after temporary sealing.  RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: There was no dye in the root canal of the negative control group, but the whole root canal in the positive control group was stained. At 1 week after sealing, the microleakage lengths of the Coltosol and Caviton groups were significantly shorter than those of the ZOE and Ceivitron groups (P < 0.05). At 2 weeks after sealing, the microleakage length of the Coltosol group was significantly shorter than that of the Ceivitron group (P < 0.05). At 4 weeks after sealing, the microleakage lengths of the Coltosol, Caviton and ZOE were significantly shorter than that of the Ceivitron group (P < 0.05). with the extension of sealing time, the microleakage lengths of the four subgroups were all increased, and there were significant differences in each group at different time points (P < 0.05). These findings indicate that Coltosol and Caviton are the best as the temporary filling materials, followed by ZOE, and Ceivitron is the worst. The optimum time of temporary sealing is 1-2 weeks for Coltosol and Caviton, and 1 week for ZOE and Ceivitron. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Autogenous iliac bone versus collagen/hydroxyapatite/recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 composite material for repair of unilateral cleft palate in rats Shen Yue, Ma Hai-ying, Zhang Yan-sheng, Wang Juan, Shi Bing-zheng 2015, 19 (3):  410-415.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2015.03.015 Abstract ( 356 )   PDF (367KB) ( 450 )   Save  BACKGROUND: It has been demonstrated that the effect of collagen/hydroxyapatite/recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 composite graft is good, but there is no comparative analysis of this composite graft and autologous bone graft. OBJECTIVE: To detect the healing effect of autologous bone graft versus collagen/hydroxyapatite/recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 composite graft in a rat model of unilateral complete cleft palate. METHODS: Firstly, we established the artificial unilateral complete cleft palate models in 32 Sprague-Dawley rats, and then the established animal models were randomly divided into control group and experimental group. The autologous iliac bone was transplanted into the fissures of control group, and the experimental group received collagen/hydroxyapatite/recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 composite graft. After that, the activities of serum alkaline phosphatase and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase, bone mineral densities in the neonatal palate, expressions of osteocalcin, osteoprotegerin, core binding factor, and osteoclast differentiation factor were detected at 1, 2, 3, 4 weeks after treatment. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Over time, the alkaline phosphatase activity increased gradually, while tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase activity decreased. Compared with the control group, the alkaline phosphatase activity was always higher (P < 0.05, P < 0.01) but the tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase activity was lower in the experimental group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01); the bone mineral density increased in both groups, but it was always higher in the experimental group than the control group (P < 0.01). The expression levels of osteocalcin, osteoprotegerin, and core-binding factor gene gradually rose in both groups, but they were always higher in the experimental group than the control group; in contrast, the expression of osteoclast differentiation factor was decreased in both groups, and it was lower in the experimental group than the control group. These findings indicate that the collagen/hydroxyapatite/recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 composite graft has more advantages compared with bone autograft. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Pure magnesium micro-arc oxidation coating containing nano-SiO2 or nano-TiO2 promotes proliferation and viability of osteoblasts Liu Ji-guang, Wang Li-feng, Li Mu-qin, Gao Yan, Wang Xiao-wei 2015, 19 (3):  416-420.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2015.03.016 Abstract ( 361 )   PDF (615KB) ( 475 )   Save BACKGROUND: The micro-arc oxidation technology can enhance the corrosion resistance of magnesium and its alloys to improve the biological properties of the surface. OBJECTIVE: In order to regulate the biological activity of medical pure magnesium, to modify the micro-arc oxidation coating by adding nano-SiO2 and nano-TiO2 into the plating solution, and to study the biological coating effects on osteoblast proliferation and differentiation. METHODS: Round magnesium sheets were divided into three groups, respectively treated with silicate electrolyte containing 7.5 g/L nano-SiO2 (nano-SiO2 group), 4.8 g/L nano-TiO2 (nano-TiO2 group), and nothing (control group). Passage 3 osteoblasts were seeded onto the specimen surface in the three groups to observe the early morphology, proliferation and alkaline phosphatase activity of osteoblasts. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Osteoblasts grew well in the nano-SiO2 group and nano-TiO2 group, presenting with clear outline, and the cells were long spindle- and polygon-shaped. But in the control group, the cells grew poor in the specimen surface. Cell counting kit-8 test showed that the absorbance values and alkaline phosphatase activities were increased with time in the three groups. Compared with the control group, the proliferative activity was higher in the nano-SiO2 group and nano-TiO2 group at days 1, 3, 5 after seeding, while the activity of alkaline phosphatase was also higher in the nano-SiO2 group and nano-TiO2 group at days 3, 5 after seeding. These findings indicate the micro-arc oxidation coatings containing nano-SiO2 and nano-TiO2 can promote osteoblast proliferation and osteogenetic activity, which have good biocompatibility. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Polyethylene glycol effects on the performance of rifampicin-polylactic acid-glycolic acid polymer microspheres Yang Zong-qiang, He Ying, Shi Jian-dang 2015, 19 (3):  421-426.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2015.03.017 Abstract ( 378 )   PDF (414KB) ( 686 )   Save BACKGROUND: Polylactic acid as a carrier has good biocompatibility, but the burst release of microspheres seriously affects their clinical application. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of polyethylene glycol on rifampicin-polylactic acid-glycolic acid microspheres in terms of morphologies, drug loading, encapsulation efficiency, in vitro release and burst release. METHODS: Polylactic acid-glycolic acid polymer was used as a carrier, and polyethylene glycol-rifampicin-polylactic acid-glycolic acid polymer microspheres (experimental group) and rifampicin-polylactic acid-glycolic acid polymer microspheres were prepared using W/O/W emulsifying-solvent evaporation technique. The characteristics of two kinds of microscopes were observed by scanning electron microscopy, drug concentration and cumulative release of rifampicin in the simulated body fluid were detected using high performance liquid chromatography during different periods, and drug loading as well as encapsulation efficiency was also determined in the two groups. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with the control group, in the experimental group, the microspheres were found smooth surface, even distribution, decreased particle size and good dispersion, and the drug loading and encapsulation efficiency were evidently higher. In the experimental group, the largest amount of drug release of the microspheres was within 3 hours, the drug release tended to be stable at 1 day, and the cumulative drug release was less than 20% in1 day. In the control group, the largest amount of drug release was within 3 hours, but the amount was about 1.5 times than that of the experimental group, the drug release also tended to stable at 1 day. The study has shown that polyethylene glycol can improve the pelletizing ratio and reduce the particle size of rifampicin-polylactic acid-glycolic acid microspheres, increase the drug loading and encapsulation efficiency of rifampicin, and reduce the burst release in the process of rifampicin release. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Preparation of brushite calcium phosphate cement for controlled drug delivery and its property of drug loading Yang Di-cheng, Zhong Jian, Liu Tao, Yan Ce, He Dan-nong 2015, 19 (3):  427-433.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2015.03.018 Abstract ( 511 )   PDF (655KB) ( 936 )   Save BACKGROUND: Compared with other calcium phosphate cemenst, brushite calcium phosphate cement has better biodegradability in vivo, as it can be quickly absorbed, which also causes a decrease of its mechanical characters. And it also suffers in application from its fast setting reaction and poor injectability. OBJECTIVE: To cooperate β-tricalcium phosphate used as the main part of the solid phase with appropriate liquid phase to prepare a new brushite calcium phosphate cement formulation so as to improve the solidification properties and observe the controlled drug-releasing capabilities. METHODS: β-tricalcium phosphate was synthesized by calcining calcium carbonate and calcium hydrogen phosphate. The liquid phase was prepared by mixing citric acid, phosphorylated chitosan, gelation and hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose in an aqueous solution. The solid phase which consisted of β-tricalcium phosphate and monocalcium phosphate was mixed with the liquid phase to acquire brushite calcium phosphate cement. Microstructure, composition, particle size and distribution, setting time, compressive strength and drug-releasing capability of the prepared brushite calcium phosphate cement were detected. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: β-tricalcium phosphate powder was a micro/nano blending system, with diameters of (2.24±0.38) μm in micron particle and (334.95±151.62) nm in nanoscale particle. Brushite belongs to lamellae tightly accumulated. The main component of the calcium phosphate cement powder was brushite, while a part of unreacted β-tricalcium phosphate also existed. For the brushite calcium phosphate cement, the setting time was (6.20 ±1.30) minutes and the compressive strength was (22.90±3.13) MPa. The drug releasing experiment indicated that the brushite calcium phosphate cement also has certain controlled-releasing capability. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Biocompatibility of the stent implantation for coronary bifurcation lesions Chen Xin-jing 2015, 19 (3):  434-439.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2015.03.019 Abstract ( 455 )   PDF (609KB) ( 468 )   Save BACKGROUND: To detect CYP2C19 genotype can evaluate sensitivity of patients with coronary artery stent implantation in response to clopidogrel, but there is no clinical use of detecting CYP2C19 genotype to guide antiplatelet therapy after stent implantation for bifurcation lesion of coronary artery in China. OBJECTIVE: To optimize the effect of antiplatelet therapy after stent implantation for coronary bifurcation lesions according to the result of CYP2C19 genotype. METHODS: 136 patients with coronary bifurcation lesions undergoing stent implantation were randomly divided into three groups. Patients were given antiplatelet therapy containing clopidogrel and aspirin before stenting and CYP2C19 geneotype was detected after 7 days of stent implantation. *1/*1 of CYP2C19 genotype was defined as qualified group, treated with clopidogrel 75 mg per day after stent implantation. *2/*2,*2/*3,*3/*3 of CYP2C19 genotypes were defined as unqualified group, and then were randomly further divided into two groups: a routine dose group treated with clopidogrel 75 mg per day after stent implantation and a high-dose group, treated with clopidogrel 150 mg per day. A 9-month follow-up was performed for recording major adverse cardiac events and bleeding events. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: There were totally 14 cases of major adverse cardiac events, 6 (7.9%) in the qualified group, 6 (17.7%) in the routine dose group, and 2 (7.7%) in the high-dose group. The incidence of major adverse cardiac events in the qualified group was obviously lower than that of the routine dose group (P < 0.05), suggesting CYP2C19 genotypes are better to predict major adverse cardiac events. The incidence of major adverse cardiac events in the high-dose group was significantly lower than that of the routine dose group (P < 0.05), indicating increased antiplatelet drug dosage under CYP2C19 genotype monitoring can significantly reduced the incidence of major adverse cardiac events. There was no significant difference between the high-dose group and qualified group (P > 0.05), suggesting optimized clopidogrel doses can achieve the same outcomes as that of the qualified group by detecting CYP2C19 genotype. There was no significant difference in bleeding events among three groups (P > 0.05). The study indicates that the incidence of major adverse cardiac events after coronary bifurcation lesions can be reduced by detecting CYP2C19 genotype that cannot increase the risk of bleeding events. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of twin-screw extrusion ginseng on the longitudinal growth and biomechanics properties of the femur in rats Lu Huan-jun, Xu Qing-song, Li Fan-zhu, Li Cheng-fu, Jin Yuan-zhe 2015, 19 (3):  440-444.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2015.03.020 Abstract ( 409 )   PDF (307KB) ( 402 )   Save BACKGROUND: The twin-screw extrusion technology can alter the chemical composition of ginseng and then produce a new type of ginseng products.   OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of a new ginseng product, twin-screw extrusion ginseng, on the growth and biomechanics properties of the bone in rats and to discuss the possible biochemistry mechanism. METHODS: Thirty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into control group, low-, middle-, and high-dose twin-screw extrusion ginseng groups, eight rats in each group. These rats were subjected to intragastric administration of ginseng suspension (0.75, 1.5, 3 g/kg) and distilled water for 3 weeks. After collecting the blood of heart, the femurs were taken to measure the length. Though the three-point bending test, the biomechanical properties such as the maximum bending stress, flexural modulus, bending energy of the femurs were measured. The concentration of osteocalcin and osteogenic growth peptide were tested. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The bone length and concentration of osteocalcin and osteogenic growth peptide of rats in the middle-dose twin-screw extrusion ginseng group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, the biomechanics properties of the bone in the middle-dose twin-screw extrusion ginseng group were also better than those in the control group (P < 0.05). Experimental results show that the twin-screw extrusion ginseng can promote the growth and biomechanics properties of the bone in rats, which may be relevant to the regulation of osteocalcin and osteognic growth peptide. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Laser epithelial keratomileusis for the treatment of refractive errors after cataractlens implantation: a stability evaluation Wei Fen, Ai Ming 2015, 19 (3):  445-449.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2015.03.021 Abstract ( 321 )   PDF (310KB) ( 483 )   Save BACKGROUND: After cataract extraction and intraocular lens implantation, some patients still appear to suffer from refractive errors to varying degrees. In this case, excimer laser epithelial keratomileusis or excimer laser in situ keratomileusis can be used for correction of refractive errors. OBJECTIVE: To observe the therapeutic effect of excimer laser epithelial keratomileusis on the treatment of residual refractive errors after cataract extraction and intraocular lens implantation. METHODS: Thirty-eight patients with refractive errors (45 eyes) who had received cataract extraction and intraocular lens implantation were enrolled, including 22 males and 16 females. Patient’s age was 24-74 years, and the central corneal thickness ranged 490-590 μm. Before laser epithelial keratomileusis, the uncorrected visual acuity and corrected visual acuity were 0.1-0.3 and 0.6-1.0, respectively. The uncorrected visual acuity, best corrected visual acuity, diopter, and intraocular pressure were observed at 12 months after correction. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Most of the patients had foreign body sensation, pain and other symptoms of eye irritation at 3-6 postoperative hours, and then presented with eye pain, photophobia, tearing and other symptoms of corneal irritation with 2 days after surgery. The corneal epithelium healed basically at 7 days after surgery, and the vision recovered to top after about 20 days. After 12 months, the uncorrected visual acuity was 0.6-1.2, ≥ 0.6 in all eyes, ≥ 1.0 in 26 eyes (58%) and reached or exceeded the preoperative best corrected visual acuity in 35 eyes (78%). After surgery, the spherical degree was decreased from -2.5 m-1 to 0.5 m-1, and the cylinder degree was reduced from -3.85 m-1 to -0.53 m-1. High intraocular pressure occurred in 12 eyes, and 0.5-level corneal haze formed in 5 eyes. The results demonstrate that the excimer laser epithelial keratomileusis is safe and effective for treatment of refractive errors after cataract extraction and intraocular lens implantation. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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A comparative study of apically extruded debris and irrigant exudation by using three kinds of nickel-titanium rotary instruments Wang Li-na, Liu Qi-cheng, Lin Zhi-xin, Shi Chun, Niu Wei-dong 2015, 19 (3):  450-454.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2015.03.022 Abstract ( 375 )   PDF (440KB) ( 486 )   Save BACKGROUND: Apically extruded debris and irrigant exudation can be produced during the root canal preparation, which lead to severe postoperative pain. Studies have shown that nickel-titanium rotary instruments used during the root canal preparation can generate less apical debris than hand instruments. OBJECTIVE: To compare three commonly used nickel-titanium rotary instruments, ProTaper, ProFile, K3, and hand instrument, K-file, in the root canal preparation and to detect the amount of apically extruded debris and irrigant exudation. METHODS: Forty extracted teeth with simple root were randomly divided into four groups, and ProTaper, ProFile, K3, and K-file were respectively used for root canal preparation. Then, the apical debris and irrigants generated were collected and weighed using an electronic scale. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The amount of apically extruded debris and exuded irrigants generated by the K-file method was larger than that using the other methods (P < 0.05), while the amount of apically extruded debris and exuded irrigants was the least using the K3 method (P < 0.05). There was no difference in the apically extruded debris between the three types of Ni-Ti rotary instruments (P > 0.05). The amount of exuded irrigants generated by the K3 instrument was significantly lower than that generated by the ProTaper and ProFile (P < 0.05), but there was no difference between the latter two instruments (P > 0.05). In the group of K-file, the amount of exuded irrigants was positively correlated to the amount of the apically extruded debris (P < 0.05); however, there was no significant correlation in the three kinds of nickel-titanium rotary instruments. These findings indicate that the Ni-Ti instruments are preferred for root canal preparation. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Immediate breast construction with silicone prosthesis after nipple-areola complex sparing mastectomy He Yi-teng, Song Mu, Chen Jing, Yu Bing, Zhu Li-ping 2015, 19 (3):  455-459.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2015.03.023 Abstract ( 338 )   PDF (332KB) ( 518 )   Save BACKGROUND: As Chinese women have the smaller breast capacity, the traditional breast conserving operation may lead to the poor breast shape, moreover, breast reconstruction with latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap and transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap is very difficult and has trauma and more complications. Therefore, the immediate breast construction with implants after nipple-areola complex sparing mastectomy is a good choice. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the feasibility of immediate breast construction using silicone prosthesis after nipple-areola complex sparing mastectomy. METHODS: The immediate breast reconstruction after nipple-areola complex sparing mastectomy was performed in 33 female patients with breast cancer (20 cases in the left side and 13 cases in the right side), aged 30-48 years. The effects of reconstructed breast were evaluated according to objective and subjective criteria during the follow-up. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Of the 33 cases, 2 cases had nipple-areola complex ischemic necrosis postoperatively and were cured quickly; 1 case had intra-operative blood loss > 800 mL and recovered well after fluid and blood transfusion. The aesthetic outcome was well in 31 cases and the satisfactory rate was 94% during 10-51 months of follow-up period. No recurrence and metastasis were found in all cases. The operation method of immediate breast reconstruction with implants after nipple-areola complex sparing mastectomy is maneuverable and has excellent aesthetic effects with no severe complications. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Establishment of a design model of magnetic attachment with new magnetic material Jiang Rui, Nie Er-min, Zhang Chun-yuan, Zeng Jin-di, Tan Ji-zhou 2015, 19 (3):  460-464.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2015.03.024 Abstract ( 353 )   PDF (365KB) ( 528 )   Save BACKGROUND: Studies have demonstrated that neodymium iron boron (NdFeB) is a new kind of permanent magnet material with size reduction, light quality and high performance. The magnetic energy product of NdFeB N52 newly developed is 53MGOe, and the N52 is not used in dental field. OBJECTIVE: To establish and evaluate the model of NdFeB magnetic attachment. METHODS: The NdFeB magnetic material, Fe-Ni soft magnetic alloy and HPM75 stainless steel were bought and cut by the size of model structure with the “cup” type of closed magnetic field, to prepare the permanent magnet, keeper, yoke, shield disk and ring. All the parts were assembled, welded, chromed and magnetized. The magnetic force and magnetic induction intensity of 10 specimens were tested and recorded. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Ten models of magnetic attachment with closed magnetic field were established. The simulated magnetic force and actual magnetic force were 87.6 mT and (48.930±2.827) mT. The simulated magnetic induction intensity and actual magnetic induction intensity were 0.331 mT and 2.7 mT in the side,  6.52 mT and 18.7 mT in the top. The geometric diagram between the magnetic force and distance was simulated by the 3D simulation software. The results showed the magnetic force decreased rapidly with the distance increase between the magnet and keeper when the distance became from close contact to a gap of 0.1 mm. The magnetic force with a gap of 0.1 mm between the magnet and the keeper was decreased to about 24% of the magnetic force at zero gap. The magnetic force decreased slowly with the distance increase from 0.1 mm gap, and then the magnetic force was almost zero with the 0.5 mm gap. The clinical demand and the safety standard of magnetic leakage can be meted with the model of magnetic attachment by using the new magnetic material. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Percutaneous vertebroplasty and percutaneous kyphoplasty with bone cement injection: re-evaluation of their clinical applications Jin Qiao, Shen Wen 2015, 19 (3):  465-471.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2015.03.025 Abstract ( 331 )   PDF (329KB) ( 432 )   Save BACKGROUND: Percutaneous vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty are still ideal ways to osteoporotic vertebral compressive fractures and vertebral metastases at present. OBJECTIVE: To summarize the clinical application of percutaneous vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty, recurrent fractures, bone cement leakage and operation method choice. METHODS: The relevant literatures on percutaneous vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty for treatment of osteoporotic vertebral compressive fractures and bone metastases were retrieved in Wanfang and PubMed (1987-01/2014-01) by computer. Retrieval language was limited to Chinese and English. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty have many advantages and have achieved excellent results in the treatment of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures and bone metastases. With a wider range of applications, however, there are also some problems and controversies. Clinicians should pay more attention to the choice of surgical indications, prevention and therapy of perioperative and long-term complications as well as postoperative osteoporosis treatment. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Different biological patch materials in pelvic floor reconstruction: application and role Zhang Zhen, Li Xue-qin 2015, 19 (3):  472-477.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2015.03.026 Abstract ( 699 )   PDF (414KB) ( 747 )   Save BACKGROUND:In recent years, more and more patches can be used for the pelvic floor repair and reconstruction, but there is no uniform standard for the selection and clinical application of patches. The safety and feasibility of different patches need to have a clearer understanding. OBJECTIVE: To compare the feasibility of different biological patch materials used in pelvic floor reconstruction, and to master the complications during the pelvic floor repair and reconstruction in order to make clear the safety of patches. METHODS: A computer-based search of CNKI and PubMed was performed for articles about type, material characteristics and application of batches published in the past 10 years. The key words were “biological patch, reconstructive pelvic surgery” in Chinese and English, respectively. Articles published in authority journals or recently published were preferred. According to the inclusion criteria, 36 articles were included in result analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Pelvic floor repair and reconstruction materials can replace damaged pelvic fascia, acting as the substitutes of the pelvic floor. Biomaterial patches are divided into autologous, allogeneic, and xenogenoust materials. At the present stage, acellular tissue matrix is the main source of allogeneic, and xenogenoust materials, which does not contain specific recognition sites, is not easy to cause receptor immune rejection, promotes tissue compatibility greatly, and reduce the infectious rate effectively. Meanwhile, there may be a composite growth factor that is able to regulate cell growth and differentiation. Synthetic patches have been widely used in clinic, but they may lead to complications, such as infection and erosion. Biomaterial patches can avoid these complications to a certain extent, and their safety, however, need further studies. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Oral zirconia ceramic bonding methods Li Rui, Sun Ying-chun, Zhou Hui, Wang Chen, Wei Wei 2015, 19 (3):  478-482.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2015.03.027 Abstract ( 2591 )   PDF (356KB) ( 1189 )   Save BACKGROUND: Zirconia ceramics with good physical and chemical properties and biocompatibility have been widely used in the field of dental reconstruction, but how to modify zirconia ceramic surface in order to improve the bonding strength of the restoration and tooth becomes a clinical difficulty. OBJECTIVE: To review the oral zirconia ceramic bonding methods. METHODS: A computer-based search of PubMed database was performed using the key words of “zirconia, silane coupling agent, resin cement, bonding”. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Chemical friction silicon coating system is combined with the new non-functional silane coupling agent to perform surface modification of zirconia ceramics, and small-size (50 µm) alumina powder containing silicon particles is used for ziroconia blasting to form a silicon-contained coarse covering layer. This system can reduce the damage to porcelain edge induced by traditional blasting method, and improve restoration marginal adaptation. The new mixed non-functional silane coupling agent can form a stable and high-strength siloxane bond on the ceramic surface, and this agent shows a better hydrolytic stability than the traditional silane coupling agents. The interpenetrating network system between siloxane and the polymer at the interface can more effectively graft the resin covalently to the silane surface, effectively improve the bonding strength of zirconia ceramics and resin, provide sufficient retention for restoration, and improve the clinical success rate. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Leaping development of Beijing pharmaceutical industry: problems and countermeasures Kong Yan, Sun Li-hua 2015, 19 (3):  483-487.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2015.03.028 Abstract ( 413 )   PDF (335KB) ( 793 )   Save BACKGROUND: The biomedical industry is recognized as one of the international high-tech industries with the most development prospects in the 21st century, is also one of the world’s sunrise industries with fastest trade growth. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the development of Beijing biomedical industry and to briefly state the problems and countermeasures in the leaping development of Beijing pharmaceutical industry. METHODS: A computer-based search of Baidu Library and CNKI as well as manual retrieval of school library was done for literatures published from 2005 to 2014. Then, we analyzed the developmental status and existing problems of Beijing pharmaceutical industry, based on which, the guiding significance and conclusion on the leaping development of Beijing pharmaceutical industry was given. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: In recent years, Beijing biomedical industry has developed rapidly and obtained good achievements, but there are still problems in the implementation of the leapfrog development, such as poor industrial base, no innovative subject, and lack of funds. To solve these problems, we propose five countermeasures, that is, to constantly optimize and readjust the industrial structure, to further optimize the ownership structure, to enhance technological innovation, to build business-oriented research & development system, and to implement brand extension strategy, based on which, Beijing biomedical industry can realize the leapfrog development from strategic industry to leading industry, and become the world’s major research & development center, high-end manufacturing base and market center. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Design, fabrication and clinical application of surgical implant guides Xiang Mei, Zhang Yu 2015, 19 (3):  488-492.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2015.03.029 Abstract ( 2556 )   PDF (316KB) ( 1414 )   Save BACKGROUND: Precise placement of dental implants is necessary to identify a predictable restoration outcome and to ensure a good osseointegration. OBJECTIVE: To summarize and introduce the classification, fabrication and clinic application of surgical implant guides, especially focusing on computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacture (CAD/CAM) implant guides. METHODS: A computer-based search was performed in the CNKI database and PubMed database for articles addressing the fabrication and clinical applications of surgical implant guides published from 2000 to 2014. The key words were “surgical implant guide, accuracy, rapid prototype, CAD/CAM” in English and Chinese, respectively. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The surgical implant guide consists of drill guide and positioning plate. The position, angle and depth of pre-operative planning implant are recorded by the drill guide that can transfer the pre-operative information intraoperatively in order to improve the precise placement of implant. The positioning plate plays a positioning action, which fits the surface of bone, tooth and alveolar crest. Surgical implant guide can improve the outcome of restoration, in particular, CAD/CAM implant guide cannot only enhance the outcome and stress distribution of restoration, but also reduce the operation risk and simplify the operation process. However, the implant guide is expensive and has some deficiencies, which need in-depth research to lower the cost as well as to improve the clinical effects. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics