Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research ›› 2026, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (13): 3435-3445.doi: 10.12307/2026.143

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Mesenchymal stem cells and their exosomes in treatment of bronchopulmonary dysplasia

Huang Jia1, 2, Yan Qingyan1, 2, Yang Xing1, 2, Zhu Xiaoping1, 3, Luo Hongfang1, 2   

  1. 1Department of Pediatrics, School of Clinical Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou Province, China; 2Department of Pediatrics, Second Affiliated Hospital, Guizhou Medical University, Kaili 556000, Guizhou Province, China; 3Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou Province, China
  • Accepted:2025-08-05 Online:2026-05-08 Published:2025-12-26
  • Contact: Luo Hongfang, Chief physician, Master’s supervisor, Department of Pediatrics, School of Clinical Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou Province, China; Department of Pediatrics, Second Affiliated Hospital, Guizhou Medical University, Kaili 556000, Guizhou Province, China Co-corresponding author: Zhu Xiaoping, Chief physician, Doctoral supervisor, Department of Pediatrics, School of Clinical Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou Province, China; Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou Province, China
  • About author:Huang Jia, MS, Department of Pediatrics, School of Clinical Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou Province, China; Department of Pediatrics, Second Affiliated Hospital, Guizhou Medical University, Kaili 556000, Guizhou Province, China
  • Supported by:
    Social Development Key Project of Guizhou Provincial Department of Science and Technology, No. [2020]4Y124 (to ZXP)

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Mesenchymal stem cells and their extracellular vesicles can effectively alleviate lung injury, promote lung tissue repair and functional reconstruction through mechanisms such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, promoting angiogenesis, and inhibiting pulmonary fibrosis, thereby improving the course and prognosis of neonatal bronchopulmonary dysplasia to a certain extent.
OBJECTIVE: To review the current research status of mesenchymal stem cells and their extracellular vesicles in neonatal bronchopulmonary dysplasia.
METHODS: The first author searched articles included in CNKI and PubMed databases. The time limit for literature search was from the establishment of each database to March 2025. “Mesenchymal stem cells, exosomes, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, nanohydrogels, mechanism of action” were used as Chinese and English search terms. Finally, 85 articles that met the criteria were selected for review.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Mesenchymal stem cells and their extracellular vesicles can mediate various therapeutic mechanisms, including alleviating oxidative stress response, promoting angiogenesis and vascular repair, inhibiting pulmonary fibrosis process, anti-apoptosis, regulating cell autophagy, and participating in immune regulation and inflammation inhibition. Mesenchymal stem cells and their extracellular vesicles have shown good application prospects in the prevention and treatment of neonatal bronchopulmonary dysplasia, and are expected to become one of the important treatment strategies for this disease. (2) Under traditional administration methods, mesenchymal stem cells and their extracellular vesicles are difficult to achieve long-term retention in the lungs, thereby limiting their ability to sustain repair of damaged tissues. In recent years, the introduction of engineering biomaterials such as hydrogels has provided a new solution to this problem. Hydrogel can not only realize the slow release of exosomes in the lung tissue, but also protect them from the influence of the inflammatory microenvironment in the lung to a certain extent, thus improving their biological stability and therapeutic efficacy. Therefore, the hydrogel-based stem cell and exocrine delivery system is expected to become a hot research direction in the treatment of neonatal bronchopulmonary dysplasia in the future.

Key words: bronchopulmonary dysplasia, mesenchymal stem cell, exosome, engineering material, hydrogel, oxidative stress

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