Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research ›› 2026, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (5): 1207-1214.doi: 10.12307/2026.003

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Advance in the mechanisms underlying miRNAs in steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head

Wang Zhengye, Liu Wanlin, Zhao Zhenqun   

  1. Center for Pediatric Orthopedics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010090, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
  • Received:2024-11-15 Accepted:2025-01-06 Online:2026-02-18 Published:2025-06-25
  • Contact: Liu Wanlin, Professor, Center for Pediatric Orthopedics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010090, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
  • About author:Wang Zhengye, Master candidate, Center for Pediatric Orthopedics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010090, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China, Nos. 81960397 (to LWL) and 82160414 (to ZZQ); Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Achievement Transformation Project, No. CGZH2018146 (to LWL)

Abstract: BACKGROUND: The pathogenesis of steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head is complex, involving vascular endothelial injury, osteocyte apoptosis, inflammatory responses, and bone metabolism disorders. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), as key regulators of gene expression, play an important role in steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head.
OBJECTIVE:
To comprehensively analyze the regulatory role of miRNAs in steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head and to evaluate their potential as biomarkers and therapeutic tools. 
METHODS: Relevant literature was retrieved from PubMed, Web of Science, CNKI, and WanFang databases using specific keywords, and articles were selected based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. By reading titles, abstracts, or full texts, articles with poor relevance or repetitive content were excluded, and 76 articles were finally included for analysis.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: miRNAs regulate gene expression by binding to the 3' untranslated region of target mRNAs, affecting cell differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis, and stress responses. Specific miRNAs such as miR-33-5p, miR-99a, miR-106b-5p, miR-155, miR-146a, and miR-21 play a central regulatory role in vascular injury, inflammatory responses, osteocyte differentiation, and apoptosis in steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head. Additionally, the expression patterns of miRNAs are closely related to the pathogenesis of steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head, showing potential as biomarkers. Although miRNAs shows great potential as biomarkers in therapeutic strategies, the current limitation of sample size and lack of multi-population validation restrict the universality and reliability of the results. Moreover, the efficacy and safety of miRNA therapeutic strategies (including off-target effects and delivery issues) remain major challenges in realizing clinical applications.

Key words: steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head, miRNA, biomarker, therapeutic target, osteocyte apoptosis, engineered tissue construction

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