Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research ›› 2026, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (2): 345-353.doi: 10.12307/2025.587

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Effects of magnetic nano-drug carriers on exercise-induced muscle injury and inflammatory response in rats

Dong Chao1, 2, Zhao Mohan1, 3, Liu Yunan1, Yang Zeli1, Chen Leqin1, Wang Lanfang4, 5   

  1. 1College of Physical Education, 4School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan 030031, Shanxi Province, China; 2Jin Zhong Vocational & Technical College, Jinzhong 030600, Shanxi Province, China; 3Inner Mongolia Vocational and Technical College of Communication, Chifeng 024036, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China; 5Shanxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Permanent Magnetic Materials and Technologies, Taiyuan
  • Received:2024-06-25 Accepted:2024-12-30 Online:2026-01-18 Published:2025-06-16
  • Contact: Chen Leqin, MD, Professor, Master’s supervisor, College of Physical Education, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan 030031, Shanxi Province, China
  • About author:Dong Chao, MS, College of Physical Education, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan 030031, Shanxi Province, China; Jin Zhong Vocational & Technical College, Jinzhong 030600, Shanxi Province, China Zhao Mohan, MS, College of Physical Education, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan 030031, Shanxi Province, China; Inner Mongolia Vocational and Technical College of Communication, Chifeng 024036, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
  • Supported by:
    022 Annual Planning Project of the Provincial and Ministerial Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Permanent Magnetic Materials and Technologies, No. 2022-02 (to CLQ); 2022 Annual Planning Project of the 14th Five-Year Plan for Educational Science of Shanxi Province, No. GH-220457 (to CLQ) 

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Abstract: BACKGROUND: Magnetic nanomaterials, as a hot topic in the biomedical field in recent years, are often used to enhance the targeted delivery of drugs to the affected area.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of magnetic nano drug carriers on skeletal muscle injury markers and inflammatory responses in rats with sports injuries. 
METHODS: Magnetic nanoparticles were prepared. A total of 88 male SD rats were randomly divided into a blank group (n=8), an injury control group (n=32), a Yunnan Baiyao group (n=24), and a magnetic nano-drug carrier group (n=24) by using a random number table method. The latter three groups were modeled with exercise-induced muscle injury (treadmill slope of -16°, running speed of 16 m/min, and training time of 120 min). Immediately after exercise, after verifying the success of the model, Yunnan Baiyao patch was applied to the gastrocnemius muscle of the rats in the Yunnan Baiyao group. Yunnan Baiyao patch loaded with magnetic nanoparticles was applied to the gastrocnemius muscle of the rats in the magnetic nano-drug carrier group. At 24, 48, and 120 hours after exercise, blood was drawn from the abdominal aorta of rats to detect the activities of creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase, as well as the levels of myoglobin, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was used to observe the infiltration of inflammatory cells in the gastrocnemius muscle. 
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Compared with the blank group, the levels of myoglobin, creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase and tumor necrosis factor α in the injury control group at 24, 48 and 120 hours after exercise were increased (P < 0.05), and the level of interleukin 6 at 24 and 120 hours after exercise was increased (P < 0.05). Compared with the injury control group, the level of myoglobin in the Yunnan Baiyao group at 24 and 48 hours after exercise was decreased (P < 0.05), the activities of creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase at 24, 48 and 120 hours were decreased (P < 0.05), and the levels of interleukin 6 and tumor necrosis factor α at 120 hours after exercise were decreased (P < 0.05). Compared with the Yunnan Baiyao group, the level of myoglobin in the magnetic nano-drug carrier group at 24 and 48 hours after exercise was decreased (P < 0.05), the activities of creatine kinase and tumor necrosis factor α at 48 and 120 hours after exercise were decreased (P < 0.05), and the lactate dehydrogenase activity was reduced (P < 0.05). (2) Hematoxylin-eosin staining showed that a large number of inflammatory cells infiltrated in the muscle fibers of the injury control group 24 hours after exercise, and then the inflammatory cell infiltration gradually decreased, and the local damaged muscle fibers began to regenerate 120 hours after exercise. A large number of inflammatory cells infiltrated in the muscle fibers of the Yunnan Baiyao group and the magnetic nano-drug carrier group 24 hours after exercise, and then the inflammatory cell infiltration gradually decreased, and the damaged muscle fibers were regenerating 120 hours after exercise, and there was no significant difference from the blank group. (3) The results show that Yunnan Baiyao patch combined with magnetic nanoparticles can accelerate the recovery of exercise-induced muscle injury in rats, and the effect is better than that of Yunnan Baiyao alone.

Key words: magnetic nano-drug carrier">, exercise-induced muscle damage">, oxidative stress">, eccentric exercise">, Yunnan Baiyao">, engineered material

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