Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research ›› 2026, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (4): 901-907.doi: 10.12307/2026.504

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Role and mechanism of probiotics in peri-implantitis

Wang Jie1, 2, Huang Rui1, 2, Zhang Ye1, 2, Shou Zhaoxi1, 2, Yao Jie1, 2, Liu Chenxi1, 2, Liao Jian1, 2   

  1. 1School of Stomatology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou Province, China; 2Stomatological Hospital, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou Province, China
  • Received:2024-11-18 Accepted:2025-01-14 Online:2026-02-08 Published:2025-05-20
  • Contact: Liao Jian, MD, Chief physician, Doctoral supervisor, School of Stomatology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou Province, China; Stomatological Hospital, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou Province, China
  • About author:Wang Jie, Master candidate, School of Stomatology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou Province, China; Stomatological Hospital, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou Province, China
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 8226030370 (to LJ)

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Studies have found that probiotics have a certain preventive and therapeutic effect on peri-implantitis, and there are further explorations in the mechanism against peri-implantitis. 
OBJECTIVE: To review the mechanism and clinical application of probiotics in the treatment of peri-implantitis.
METHODS: Relevant literature was searched on PubMed, Web of Science, CNKI, and WanFang Data, using the search terms of “probiotics, peri-implantitis, flora imbalance, immunoregulation, inflammatory reaction, mechanism of action” in Chinese and English. A total of 90 articles were finally included.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Probiotics have the following mechanisms. They can activate the anti-inflammatory mechanism by inhibiting the secretion of inflammatory factors and promoting the production of anti-inflammatory factors. They can destroy the cell wall of pathogenic bacteria by secreting microbial complexes and bacteriocins, reduce the pH value of biofilms, improve the composition of microorganisms in microecology, induce the change of bacterial community structure, and restore the balance of microbial population around implants. They have immunomodulatory effects and can enhance the resistance of the host oral mucosa to pathogenic bacteria in the surrounding area of the implant. In addition, probiotics can produce antibacterial compounds, offset the adhesion of pathogenic microorganisms, and regulate immune function. Through the above mechanisms, probiotics have certain potential in the adjuvant treatment of peri-implantitis, which can improve the clinical parameters of peri-implantitis and affect the microbiota. Probiotic therapy provides a new treatment option, but more long-term prospective studies are needed to further verify its effect.

Key words: probiotics, peri-implantitis, flora imbalance, immunoregulation, inflammatory reaction, microeubiosis, engineered tissue construction

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