Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research ›› 2025, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (27): 5907-5913.doi: 10.12307/2025.193

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Mechanism by which diabetes exacerbates intervertebral disc degeneration

Ma Jikun1, Wang Jianru1, Qi Junjie1, Liu Haifei2   

  1. 1Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang 261000, Shandong Province, China; 2Department of Spine Surgery, Eastern District of Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao 266000, Shandong Province, China
  • Received:2024-04-11 Accepted:2024-06-21 Online:2025-09-28 Published:2025-03-07
  • Contact: Liu Haifei, MD, Chief physician, Department of Spine Surgery, Eastern District of Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao 266000, Shandong Province, China
  • About author:Ma Jikun, Master candidate, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang 261000, Shandong Province, China

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Diabetes exacerbates intervertebral disc degeneration in a number of ways, and good glycemic control is beneficial in preventing intervertebral disc degeneration.
OBJECTIVE: To review the relationship between diabetes and intervertebral disc degeneration to provide a reference for the clinical treatment of disc degeneration in patients with diabetes.
METHODS: Literature searches were performed in CNKI and PubMed databases for articles published from 1980 to 2023. The Chinese and English search terms were “diabetes, intervertebral disc degeneration, cartilage endplate degeneration, apoptosis, advanced glycation end products, osmotic stress.” Finally, 73 articles were included for summary and analysis.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The pathophysiological process of diabetes-induced intervertebral disc degeneration is different from that of physiological degeneration. The main mechanisms of diabetes-induced intervertebral disc degeneration include: intracellular hyperglycemia, impaired blood supply to the intervertebral discs due to microvascular pathology, cellular senescence, apoptosis, and autophagy, accumulation of advanced glycation end products, osmotic stress, and destruction of the extracellular matrix components due to other pathways. (2) Drugs such as curcumin, resveratrol, and lupeol have therapeutic effects on intervertebral disc degeneration, but their safety and effectiveness need to be further demonstrated in clinical treatment.

Key words: diabetes, intervertebral disc degeneration, cartilage endplate degeneration, apoptosis, advanced glycation end products, osmotic stress

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