Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research ›› 2025, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (22): 4694-4701.doi: 10.12307/2025.454

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Gold nanoparticle @ mesoporous silica modified titanium implants promote osteogenic differentiation under high glucose conditions

Deng Yunyi1, 2, 3, Chen Shichao1, 2, 3, Luo Mingdong2, 3, Li Ruotong2, 3, Lan Xiaorong2, 3, Yu Ke1, 2, 3, Li Guangwen1, 2, 3   

  1. 1Department of Implantology, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan Province, China; 2Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan Province, China; 3Institute of Stomatology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan Province, China
  • Received:2024-03-20 Accepted:2024-05-25 Online:2025-08-08 Published:2024-12-05
  • Contact: Li Guangwen, Doctoral candidate, Attending physician, Department of Implantology, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan Province, China; Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan Province, China; Institute of Stomatology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan Province, China Yu Ke, MD, Associate professor, Department of Implantology, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan Province, China; Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan Province, China; Institute of Stomatology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan Province, China
  • About author:Deng Yunyi, Master, Department of Implantology, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan Province, China; Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan Province, China; Institute of Stomatology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan Province, China
  • Supported by:
    Sichuan Provincial Science and Technology Department Key Research and Development Project, No. 22YFS0634 (to LXR); Luzhou Science and Technology Bureau Key Research and Development Plan (Surface), No. 2022-SYF-33 (to LGW); Natural Science Key Project of Southwest Medical University, No. 2022ZD015 (to LGW); Hospital Level Key Project of Stomatology Hospital Affiliated to Southwest Medical University, No. 2022Z01 (to LGW); Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province (General Program), No. 2024NSFSC0680 (to LGW)

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Abstract: BACKGROUND: Titanium surface micro-nano structure modification is a hot research field in titanium implant surface treatment. The diabetic hyperglycemia environment will affect the stable bonding between titanium implant and bone tissue, so it is necessary to explore the surface micro-nano structure modification to improve the osteogenic activity of titanium implant in high glucose environment.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of gold nanoparticle@mesoporous silica nanoparticles (AuNPs@MSNs) coating on osteogenic activity of osteoblasts under high glucose in vitro. 
METHODS: Gold nanoparticle suspension and mesoporous silica were prepared respectively, and the two were mixed in deionized water in a certain proportion to prepare gold nanoparticle @ mesoporous silica suspension. Titanium sheets were taken and divided into three groups for treatment: the smooth group was treated with water sandpaper; the nanotube group was treated with water sandpaper and then anodized to prepare titanium dioxide nanotube coating, and the experimental group prepared titanium dioxide nanotube coating and then immersed in gold nanoparticle @ mesoporous silica suspension to prepare gold nanoparticle @ mesoporous silica nanoparticles coating. The microscopic morphology and hydrophilicity of the surface of the three groups of titanium sheets were characterized. Rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were inoculated on the surface of the three groups of titanium sheets. Cell proliferation was detected by cell live/dead fluorescence staining and CCK-8 assay. Cell adhesion was detected by DAPI/phalloidin staining. Rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were inoculated on the surface of the three groups of titanium sheets, and high-glucose osteogenic induction medium was added for culture. Osteogenic differentiation was detected by alkaline phosphatase and Alizarin Red S staining. 
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Scanning electron microscopy showed that the surface of the titanium sheet in the smooth group was uniform and flat. The titanium dioxide nanotube arrays in the nanotube group were closely arranged on the surface, and the titanium sheet in the experimental group was loaded with gold nanoparticle @ mesoporous silica on the surface and inside of the titanium dioxide nanotubes. The hydrophilicity of the titanium sheets in the nanotube group and the experimental group was better than that in the smooth group. (2) The results of cell live/dead fluorescence staining exhibited that the cell viability on the surface of the three groups of titanium sheets was higher than 90%. The results of CCK-8 assay show that the cell proliferation rate in the experimental group was higher than that in the smooth group and the nanotube group. The results of DAPI/phalloidin staining showed that the titanium dioxide nanotube coating and the gold nanoparticle @ mesoporous silica nanoparticles coating were more conducive to cell adhesion. (3) The results of alkaline phosphatase and Alizarin Red S staining showed that the alkaline phosphatase activity and extracellular matrix mineralization of the cells on the titanium sheet surface in the experimental group were higher than those in the smooth group and the nanotube group. (4) The results show that the gold nanoparticle @ mesoporous silica nanoparticles coating can enhance the biological activity of the titanium surface and promote osteogenic differentiation in a high glucose environment.  

Key words: gold nanoparticle, mesoporous silica, titanium surface modification, micro-nano structure, high glucose condition, osteogenic differentiation

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